The principles of attention stress is a user interface design theory to measure the amount of attention that is required to perform certain tasks in a web application. Antradar Software develops it in an attempt to benchmark the ease of use of open source CMS products and to monitor the trend of UI designs.
The attention stress theory is based on many psychological observations, of which the two most important ones are:
- attention shift
- selection threshold
Attention shift addresses the issue of "getting lost", or the experience of a "broken flow". It is usually measured by the number of page refreshes or the amount of hand–eye coordination required to complete a task. According to attention shift, new pages cause more stress than pop-ups, and pop-ups are more "expensive" than things like inline-editing.
Selection threshold deals with the matter of "being overwhelmed". It is observed that when the users are presented with more than 4 choices at a time, their decisions tend to base on random guess instead of reasoning. This is especially true with users who suffer minor dyslexic symptoms. A well-known solution to this problem is the "personal menu" in Microsoft Office products, where rarely used menu items are hidden from the users.
Although the emergence of AJAX provides many ways to reduce attention shift, the paradox between attention shift and selection threshold still cannot be resolved. Because of the nature of some application logic, the overall attention stress bears a lower bound. This limit is termed "UI capacity" in the principles of attention stress.
Alexander Garuba (born March 4, 1997) is an American soccer player who plays as a winger.
College and amateur
Garuba played college soccer at Centre College in Kentucky, where he was one of the most successful players in program history. The forward was Centre's all-time leading goal scorer and a two-time All-American, scoring 55 goals across 79 games spanning four seasons from 2015 to 2019. Garuba didn't play the 2016 season, spending a year at Georgia State University.
Garuba also played in the NPSL for Emerald Force SC in 2018, and Northern Virginia United in 2019.
Professional
In January 2020, Garuba joined NISA side Oakland Roots SC. He scored a single goal in his only appearance for the club during a season effected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
On April 23, 2021, Garuba returned to his home city, signing with USL Championship side Atlanta United 2. Following the 2021 season, Garuba was released by Atlanta United 2.
Andre Ochoa (born January 27, 2002) is an American college soccer player who plays as a forward for the UCLA Bruins.
Youth
Ochoa played the majority of his youth career in his native California, playing for the Irvine Strikers before joining the LA Galaxy youth system in 2018. In 2020, Ochoa made his professional debut with the club's USL Championship affiliate LA Galaxy II, appearing in a 4–0 defeat to the Phoenix Rising. However, Ochoa was registered as a member of the Galaxy's academy, allowing him to maintain his college eligibility.
College
In the fall of 2020, Ochoa began his collegiate career at San Diego State University. Scoring twice in 10 matches, he was named to the All-Pac-12 Second Team as a freshman. He played two seasons at San Diego State where he finished with 27 appearances and seven goals. Ahead of the 2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer season, Ochoa transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles. During his junior year, he made 19 appearances, scoring three goals.
Provisional Administration (Polish Administracja Zastępcza) was one of the branches of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Government Delegate’s Office at Home in Poland during World War II.
It was created in 1940 as a joint initiative of the Headquarters of the Armia Krajowa and the Delegate's Office. It was a kind of shadow administration prepared for the moment of either liberation of Poland or the start of an all-national armed uprising.
It was based on the Polish pre-war administrative division, composed of three grades (voivodeship-powiat-gmina), combined with the pre-war military division. In August 1943 the division of competences between the army and the civilian authorities was agreed. The organization of the Provisional Administration was later accepted by the President of Poland on April 26, 1944.
In 1944 during Operation Tempest, as the sole representatives of the legitimate Polish government, the members of the Provisional Administration took power from the withdrawing German troops and welcomed the advancing Red Army . However, most of them were arrested by the NKVD and either sent to Russia for interrogation, sent to the GULag or killed on the spot.