Bonghan theory

The Bonghan(BH) system was proposed as an anatomical circulatory organ containing the anatomical structure of the acupuncture meridian system, i.e., anatomical structure of the meridian was found to be a part of a larger organ.
The Bonghan system is consisted of several subsystems; superficial BH system in the skin, intravascular BH system inside large blood and lymphatic vessels, organ-surface BH system on the surfaces of various internal organs and neuro BH system associated with the nervous system.
History
The National Acupunture Meridians Research Institue, led by Bong Han Kim, discovered the "Substance of Kyungrak" which constitues the material foundation of the "Kyungrak theory" in the course of clarifying, on the basis of modern science, this theory which is of great importance in the classics fo Eastern medicine. The report on this discovery was published on August 18, 1961. After making futher research, it was established on November 30, 1963, that the Kyungrak system consists of Bonghan ducts and Bonghan corpuscles and that Bonghan liquor containing a rich amount of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) circulates this system. Later the National Acupunture Meridians Research Institue revealed the distribution of the Kyungrak system in the shole body and has since striven to bring to light its essential, biological significance.
On April 15, Bong Han Kim made a report on the results of the reseach at the Kyungrak Society of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. According to the report, Kim Bong Han made a thorough observation of the Kyungrak system, regarding it as a system of the circulation of Bonghan liquor. He made particluar efforts to dig donw the systematic structure of the Kyungrak system, the system of the circulation of the Bonghan liquor with a rich content of DNA which had hitherto been known to be existing only in the cell nucleus
Since 2002, Bonghan theory has been studied intenstively by the Biomedical Physics Laboratory in Seoul National University. The first finding was intravascular Bonghan duct in large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels of rabbits, rat, and mice.
Bonghan Ducts and Corpuscles
The component parts of Bonghan system are Bonghan ducts and Bonghan corpuscles. The Bonghan corpuscles and ducts can be classified into several categories, the common structure of which being as follows:
1. The Bonghan duct is a bundle of very fine Bonghan ductules with a diameter of 5 - 15 um. The wall of the Bonghan ductile is composed of endothelial cells as in the case of the blood and lymphatic vessels. But the endothelial cells of the Bonghan ductule are very characteristic. The endothelial cell nucleus is of rod shape and abundant in chromatin and the electronic density is so high that its inner composition is hardly discernible in electron micrographs. The boundary of cytoplasm is not clear and only rod-shape nuclei arranged in and orderly manner on the wall of the Bonghan ductule can be seen. The wall of the Bonghan ductule is very thin; about 0.1 - 0.2 um in electron microscopic observation. Besides, the Bonghan ductule has outer membrane, which is composed of argyrophile fiber and outer membrane cells. The outer membrane cell takes a form similar to smooth muscle and it is presumably the contractile element of the Bonghan ductule. Several ductules are bound by a surrounding membrane.
2. The Bonghan corpuscles are, without exception, linked with Bonghan ducts. The Bonghan corpuscles are formed through the enlargement, ramification and anastomosis of Bonghan ductules. The stroma covering the corpuscles is reticular tissue. This tissue is connected with the outer membrane of the Bonghan ductules and the surrounding membrane of the Bonghan ducts. The Bonghan duct contains basophilic granules, basophilic structures, nucleus-like structures and specific cells. They are related with the reproduction of formed elements
Intravascular Bonghan System
It is a system of Bonghan ducts and corpuscles distributed inside the blood and lymphatic vessels. Inter-linked Bonghan corpuscles and ducts are systematically distributed in all the arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and in the heart. The inner Bonghan ducts lie freely in the flow of blood and they are ramified together with blood vessels. The Bonghan ducts inside the lymphatic vessel are visible from outside. The structure of the inner bonghan corpuscle with a diameter of 0.1~0.2mm is similar to a small hematopoietic organ.
As in ithe organs producing erythrocyte, leucocyte and lymphocyte, serials of their young cells are found in the net eyes of the reticular structure. The hematopoietic of the inner Bonghan corpuscles has been confirmed through various experiments. But their function is not confined to this. Groups of parenchyma cells of the organ and various other cells, basophilic substance and nucleus-like cells are found in these corpuscles.
Organ Surface Bonghan System
The Bonghan ducts and corpuscles are distributed in a reticular form on the surface of the internal organs. The structure of this Bonghan duct is the same as the intravascular Bonghan ducts and it is linked with the intravascular Bonghan system through the wall of the blood vessel.
Neuro Bonghan System
Sanal Theory
Recent Researches
Cancer Metastasis
Laparoscopy for Bonghan System

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