Timeline of sovereign states in Europe

This timeline lists all European sovereign states, both current and defunct, of the second and third millennia. Vassal states, unrecognised states or states with limited recognition throughout history are GeneRally not included unless they evolved at some point into a sovereign state. Territorial changes that do not consume whole nations or produce new ones are not considered.

Current Sovereign States / Decades	before	1000		1010			1020			1030			1040			1050	1060	1070		1080		1090			1100		1110	1120			1130		1140		1150		1160			1170	1180		1190		1200

United Kingdom	927 Kingdom of England				1016 Kingdom of England (Kingdom of Denmark)								1042 Kingdom of England
United Kingdom	843 Kingdom of Scotland
Ireland	Gaelic Ireland																												1171 Lordship of Ireland
Portugal	910 Kingdom of León																												1139 Kingdom of Portugal
Spain	910 Kingdom of León																												910 Kingdom of León
	County of Castile											1035 Kingdom of Castile
	756 Caliphate of Córdoba									1031 Taifas			1040 Almoravid Dynasty															1121 Almohad Dynasty
	824 Kingdom of Navarre											1035 Kingdom of Navarre
	824 Kingdom of Navarre											1035 Kingdom of Aragon																				1137 Kingdom of Aragon
	801 County of Barcelona																															1137 Kingdom of Aragon
Andorra	795 Les Valls (Diocese of Urgell)
Malta	870 Aghlabids																					1091 County of Sicily									1130 Kingdom of Sicily													1194 County of Malta (Swabians)
San Marino	301 Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Vatican City	752 Papal States
Italy	705 Saracens, Giudicati																												1185 Giudicati(Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Aragon)
	965 Emirate of Sicily(Fatimid Caliphate)																	1071 County of Sicily													1130 Kingdom of Sicily	1137 Kingdom of Sicily				1155 Kingdom of Sicily
	851 Principality of Salerno													1042 Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
	571 Duchy of Benevento													1042 Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
	839 Principality of Capua								1027 Duchy of Naples
	839 Principality of Capua								1027 Principality of Capua
	697 Republic of Venice
	752 Papal States
	962 Holy Roman Empire										1032 Holy Roman Empire
	962 Holy Roman Empire
France	933 Kingdom of Burgundy
France	843 Kingdom of France
Belgium	962 Holy Roman Empire
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Germany
Germany
Poland	960 Civitas Schinesghe							1025 Kingdom of Poland
Austria	962 Holy Roman Empire
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary	896 Principality of Hungary	1000 Kingdom of Hungary
Slovenia	962 Holy Roman Empire
Croatia	925 Kingdom of Croatia																									1102 Kingdom of Croatia(Hungary)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Banate of Bosnia(Bulgaria)					1019 Banate of Bosnia(Byzantine Empire)															1082 Kingdom of Duklja					1102 Banate of Bosnia(Hungary)													1166 Banate of Bosnia(Byzantine Empire)
Serbia	Serb State					1018 Byzantine Empire													1077 Kingdom of Duklja							1102 Kingdom of Duklja
Montenegro	Serb State																		1077 Kingdom of Duklja							1102 Kingdom of Duklja
Macedonia	680 First Bulgarian Empire																		1077 Byzantine Empire																							1185 Byzantine Empire
Bulgaria																																										1185 Second Bulgarian Empire
Albania																																										1185 Byzantine Empire	1190 Principality of Arbër
Albania																																											1190 Byzantine Empire			1204 Despotate of Epirus
Greece	330 Byzantine Empire																																										1190 Byzantine Empire			1204 Latin Empire
Turkey	330 Byzantine Empire																		1077 Sultanate of Rûm
Romania	Pecheneg Khanates																					1091 Cuman Khanates
Romania
Moldova
Ukraine	880 Kievan Rus'	1001 Kievan Rus'																												1162 Kievan Rus'				1175 Principality of Pereyaslavl
Ukraine																														1162 Kievan Rus'				1175 Kievan Rus'				1199 Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Belarus																														1162 Principality of Turov and Pinsk
																														1162 Principality of Turov and Pinsk
		1001 Principality of Polotsk
Russia		1001 Kievan Rus'		1010 Principality of Smolensk
				1010 Kievan Rus'				1024 Principality of Chernigov																1097 Principality of Chernigov
																								1097 Principality of Novogorod-Seversk
																								1097 Principality of Murom-Ryazan
								1024 Kievan Rus'															1093 Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
								1024 Kievan Rus'															1093 Kievan Rus'									1136 Novgorod Republic
Lithuania	Baltic People		1009 Lithuanians
Latvia			Baltic People																													1180 Principality of Koknese
Latvia			Baltic People																													1180 Principality of Koknese
Estonia	Ancient Estonians
Estonia	Ancient Estonians
Finland	Vikings	Vikings
Sweden	Vikings	1000 Kingdom of Sweden
Norway	872 Kingdom of Norway									1030 Kingdom of Denmark		1035 Kingdom of Norway
Iceland	930 Icelandic Commonwealth
Denmark	980 Kingdom of Denmark											1035 Vikings			1047 Kingdom of Denmark


Current Sovereign States / Decades	before
Current Sovereign States / Decades	before	1000		1010			1020			1030			1040			1050	1060	1070		1080		1090			1100		1110	1120			1130		1140		1150		1160			1170	1180		1190		1200

Empires are highlighted by color:

2nd millennium3rd millenniumAge of LibertyAghlabidsAlbaniaAlbania under ItalyAlbania under Nazi GermanyAlbanian KingdomAlbanian RepublicAllied-administered AustriaAllied-occupied GermanyAlmohad dynastyAlmoravid dynastyAncient EstoniaAndorraAreopagus of Eastern Continental GreeceAustriaAustria–HungaryAustrian EmpireAutonomous Republic of Northern EpirusBaltsBatavian RepublicBelarusBelarusian People’s RepublicBelgiumBerber peopleBosnia and HerzegovinaBourbon RestorationBulgariaByelorussian Soviet Socialist RepublicByzantine EmpireByzantium under the AngeloiByzantium under the PalaiologoiCaliphate of CórdobaCatholic MonarchsCisalpine RepublicCispadane RepublicCivitas SchinesgheCommonwealth of EnglandCommunist RomaniaConfederation of the RhineCounts of BarcelonaCounty of SicilyCrimean KhanateCroatiaCrown of AragonCrown of CastileCzech and Slovak Federal RepublicCzech RepublicCzechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicDanish EstoniaDenmarkDenmark-NorwayDenmark–NorwayDespotate of EpirusDuchy of BeneventoDuchy of Courland and SemigalliaDuchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)Duchy of LivoniaDuchy of Modena and ReggioDuchy of NaplesDuchy of ParmaDuchy of WarsawDuke of SwabiaDukljaDutch EmpireDutch RepublicEarly Modern FranceEast GermanyEmirate of GranadaEmirate of SicilyEstoniaEuropeFatimid CaliphateFederal State of AustriaFinlandFirst Bulgarian EmpireFirst French EmpireFirst Hellenic RepublicFranceFrance in the Middle AgesFrench colonial empireFrench First RepublicFrench Fourth RepublicFrench Second RepublicFrench Third RepublicGaelic IrelandGerman AustriaGerman ConfederationGerman EmpireGermanyGiudicatiGolden HordeGrand Duchy of LithuaniaGrand Duchy of MoscowGrand Duchy of TuscanyGreat BritainGreeceHabsburg MonarchyHabsburg SpainHellenic State (1941–1944)Helvetic RepublicHereditary Kingdom of NorwayHistory of AndorraHistory of BelgiumHistory of Bosnia and HerzegovinaHistory of DenmarkHistory of FranceHistory of HungaryHistory of LithuaniaHistory of LuxembourgHistory of MaltaHistory of NorwayHistory of SerbiaHistory of SwedenHistory of the Netherlands (1939–1945)Holy Roman EmpireHouse of HabsburgHungaryIcelandIcelandic CommonwealthItalian Republic (Napoleonic)ItalyJuly MonarchyKalmar UnionKievan Rus'Kingdom of AlbaniaKingdom of AragonKingdom of BosniaKingdom of BulgariaKingdom of BurgundyKingdom of CastileKingdom of Croatia (medieval)Kingdom of DenmarkKingdom of EnglandKingdom of Galicia–VolhyniaKingdom of Great BritainKingdom of GreeceKingdom of HollandKingdom of HungaryKingdom of IcelandKingdom of IrelandKingdom of Italy (1861–1946)Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)Kingdom of LeónKingdom of LithuaniaKingdom of Lithuania (1918)Kingdom of Lombardy–VenetiaKingdom of MontenegroKingdom of NaplesKingdom of NavarreKingdom of Poland (1025–1385)Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)Kingdom of PortugalKingdom of PrussiaKingdom of RomaniaKingdom of SardiniaKingdom of ScotlandKingdom of SerbiaKingdom of SicilyKingdom of the French (1791–1792)Kingdom of the Two SiciliesKingdom of YugoslaviaKnights HospitallerLatin EmpireLatviaLeague of LezhëLiechtensteinList of Counts and Dukes of Apulia and CalabriaList of sovereign statesList of sovereign states and dependent territories in EuropeList of sovereign states in Europe by date of achieving sovereigntyList of states with limited recognitionLithuaniaLordship of IrelandLuxembourgMaltaMoldaviaMoldavian Democratic RepublicMoldovaMongol EmpireMontenegroMoravian SerbiaNazi GermanyNeapolitan Republic (Napoleonic)NetherlandsNorth German ConfederationNorwayNovgorod RepublicOber OstOld Swiss ConfederacyOttoman EmpirePapal StatesPechenegsPeople's Republic of BulgariaPeople's Republic of PolandPolandPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPortugalPredecessors of sovereign states in EuropePrincedom of AlbaniaPrincipality of AlbaniaPrincipality of ArbërPrincipality of BulgariaPrincipality of CapuaPrincipality of ChernigovPrincipality of KoknesePrincipality of MontenegroPrincipality of Novogorod-SeverskPrincipality of PereyaslavlPrincipality of PolotskPrincipality of RyazanPrincipality of SalernoPrincipality of SerbiaPrincipality of SmolenskPrincipality of Turov and PinskPrincipality of ZetaPrisoner in the VaticanProvisional Government of AlbaniaProvisional Government of the French RepublicRaška (state)Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaRepublic of IrelandRepublic of MacedoniaRepublic of VeniceRepublica MoldovaRestoration (Switzerland)Roman Catholic Diocese of UrgellRomaniaRussiaRussian EmpireRussian Provisional GovernmentRussian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicSan MarinoSecond Bulgarian EmpireSecond French EmpireSecond Hellenic RepublicSecond Polish RepublicSerbiaSerbia and MontenegroSerbian DespotateSerbian EmpireSlovak StateSlovakiaSloveniaSocialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaSocialist People's Republic of AlbaniaSouthern NetherlandsSovereigntySoviet UnionSpainSpanish EmpireState of the Teutonic OrderSultanate of RûmSwedenSwedish EmpireSwedish EstoniaSwedish LivoniaSwiss Confederation (Napoleonic)SwitzerlandTaifaTerra MarianaThe ProtectorateTranspadane RepublicTsardom of RussiaTurkeyUkraineUkrainian People's RepublicUkrainian Soviet Socialist RepublicUnion between Sweden and NorwayUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of the NetherlandsUnited PrincipalitiesUnited Provinces of Central ItalyUnited States of BelgiumVarangiansVassalVatican CityVichy FranceVladimir-SuzdalWallachiaWeimar RepublicWest GermanyWest Ukrainian People's Republic

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Timeline of sovereign states in Europe

See also