Swadesh list of Avar-Andic languages

The Avar-Andic languages are one of seven main branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family.

The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages via comparison. It contains a set of 207 basic words which can be found in every language and are rarely borrowed. The list here is in IPA. In comparative techniques, orthography is never used unless there is no phonetic data.

Dialectal differentiation

Information on sound changes.

Table

Avar-Andic languages

Translation

Proto-Avar-Andic

Avar-Andic languages

Avar

Andic languages

Andi

Akhvakh-Tindi languages

Akhvakh

I

dun

you (singular)

mun

he

ghow

we

nij

you (plural)

nuj

they

ghol

this

that

*do

dob

here

there

who

what

where

*k

ki-b

when

*k

ki-da

how

*k

ki-n

not

all

*hilu

tolgo

many

some

few

other

one

*ci-

co

two

*ki

ki-go

three

*lob

lab-go

four

*uqu

unqo

five

*insh-tu

shugo

big

*hinka

kudija-b

long

*ixul

xala-ta-b

wide

thick

heavy

small

short

narrow

thin

woman

man (male)

ci

man (human)

child

wife

husband

mother

emel

father

*ima

emen

animal

fish

bird

dog

louse

snake

worm

tree

gwet

forest

stick

fruit

seed

leaf

root

bark (of a tree)

flower

grass

rope

skin

meat

blood

bone

fat (noun)

egg

horn

tail

feather

hair

ras

head

beter

ear

*handi

hin

eye

*harhi

ber

nose

mouth

gal

tooth

*colu

ca

tongue

*mici

mac

fingernail

matlh

foot

*zabu

leg

knee

hand

kour

wing

belly

guts

neck

back

breast

heart

*rokwo

rak

liver

to drink

to eat

*ikwan

kwan

to bite

to suck

to spit

to vomit

to blow

to breathe

to laugh

to see

to hear

to know

to think

*ure-

ure-

to smell

to fear

to sleep

to live

to die

to kill

*kwa-

to fight

to hunt

to hit

to cut

to split

to stab

to scratch

to dig

to swim

to fly

to walk

to come

to lie (as in a bed)

to sit

to stand

to turn (intransitive)

to fall

to give

to hold

to squeeze

to rub

to wash

to wipe

to pull

to push

to throw

to tie

to sew

*axwon-

uhn-

to count

to say

to sing

to play

to float

to flow

to freeze

to swell

sun

moon

star

water

rain

*cadi

cad

river

lake

sea

salt

stone

sand

dust

earth

cloud

fog

sky

wind

snow

*anzi

azu

ice

smoke

fire

*cai

ca

ash

to burn

road

mountain

red

bara

green

ruccina

yellow

tahila

white

kahha

black

jegher

night

*rilo

rele-da

day

year

warm

cold

full

new

*cinh

cija-b

old

good

bad

rotten

dirty

straight

round

sharp

dull

smooth

wet

dry

correct

near

far

right

left

at

in

with

and

if

because

name

References

See also

  • Swadesh list of Lezgic languages
  • Swadesh list of Tsezic languages