The President of Khalistan (Punjabi: Rashtarpati) is the head of state and first citizen of the government-in-exile Khalistan. Altough its first president is believed to be Gurmit Singh Aulakh, some supporters of Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan say he was the first president.
It is often disputed that Chauhan was the 1st president of Khalistan. But the fact that Chauhan was the first one to declare Khalistan independant from India way back in 1971, 16 years before Panthic Commitee did (and appointed Gurmit Singh Aulakh). And he declared his own government on June 13th, 1984, one week after Operation Blue Star. So he can be called the first president but a self-elected, whereas his succesor Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh was chosen by Panthic Commitee on October 7th, 1987. So actually his reign ends as self-elected President on October 7th, 1987 and was replaced/succied by the elected President Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh.
List
# Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan - 1979 - October 7th, 1987
# Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh - October 7th, 1987 - Incumbent
It is often disputed that Chauhan was the 1st president of Khalistan. But the fact that Chauhan was the first one to declare Khalistan independant from India way back in 1971, 16 years before Panthic Commitee did (and appointed Gurmit Singh Aulakh). And he declared his own government on June 13th, 1984, one week after Operation Blue Star. So he can be called the first president but a self-elected, whereas his succesor Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh was chosen by Panthic Commitee on October 7th, 1987. So actually his reign ends as self-elected President on October 7th, 1987 and was replaced/succied by the elected President Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh.
List
# Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan - 1979 - October 7th, 1987
# Dr. Gurmit Singh Aulakh - October 7th, 1987 - Incumbent
Roberto De Luna (born October 3, 1974) is an American photographer. He was born in New York City, where he continues to live and work. He has shown internationally in group and solo exhibitions, and is best known for his work with Polaroid and instant film images.
Before graduating from Parsons School of Design with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in photography in 1999, De Luna accepted representation from Peter Hay Halpert, and began his career in group shows in the United States & Europe.
De Luna participated in the group shows Raw: New York, New Work and Not A. Lear Raw: New York, New Work was in London and the show showcased several emerging contemporary artists. Not A. Lear was a group show with the painter Amanda Lear that exhibited at the Art Process Gallery in Paris as well as the Torch Gallery in Amsterdam.
Having exhibited in several group shows internationally, De Luna has recently been featured in the Dutch art periodical Eyemazing, and had held a solo exhibition entitled Facing West, From California's Shores at the Peter Hay Halpert Fine Art gallery in the Chelsea, Manhattan section of New York City. The show was held from May through August, 2007 was reviewed in New Yorker Magazine as "appealingly, deceptively casual." The show was also reviewed in an issue of New York Blade as one of three queer artists, referring to it as "soothingly gauzy and dreamlike".
De Luna's work has been reviewed by many magazines and periodicals including "The Village Voice", "", "Genre", & "Soma".
Before graduating from Parsons School of Design with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in photography in 1999, De Luna accepted representation from Peter Hay Halpert, and began his career in group shows in the United States & Europe.
De Luna participated in the group shows Raw: New York, New Work and Not A. Lear Raw: New York, New Work was in London and the show showcased several emerging contemporary artists. Not A. Lear was a group show with the painter Amanda Lear that exhibited at the Art Process Gallery in Paris as well as the Torch Gallery in Amsterdam.
Having exhibited in several group shows internationally, De Luna has recently been featured in the Dutch art periodical Eyemazing, and had held a solo exhibition entitled Facing West, From California's Shores at the Peter Hay Halpert Fine Art gallery in the Chelsea, Manhattan section of New York City. The show was held from May through August, 2007 was reviewed in New Yorker Magazine as "appealingly, deceptively casual." The show was also reviewed in an issue of New York Blade as one of three queer artists, referring to it as "soothingly gauzy and dreamlike".
De Luna's work has been reviewed by many magazines and periodicals including "The Village Voice", "", "Genre", & "Soma".
Sharaz Hussain is the son of Choudhary Haq Nawaz and the grandson of Choudhary Fazal Hussain. He is from a very powerful and political family of the disputed territory of Kashmir (Azad Kashmir). His gradfather's brother Zaildar Choudhary Fazal Ellahi was a close friend and adviser to Maharaja Hari Singh (1895–1961) who was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
In 1947, Hari Singh chose to accede his kingdom to India, although a majority of the kingdom's population was Muslim. At the time Maharaja Hari Singh offered Zaildar Fazal Ellahi to join him in India and have a fresh start, but Zaildar Fazal Ellahi could not give up his roots and refused to go. Maharaja Hari Singh offered to accommodate all his family but the Zaildar had taken a firm stand.
In 1951 Hari Singh's rule was terminated by the state government of Indian-administered Kashmir. His son Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh was made 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('President of the Province') and Governor of the State in 1964.
In 1947, Hari Singh chose to accede his kingdom to India, although a majority of the kingdom's population was Muslim. At the time Maharaja Hari Singh offered Zaildar Fazal Ellahi to join him in India and have a fresh start, but Zaildar Fazal Ellahi could not give up his roots and refused to go. Maharaja Hari Singh offered to accommodate all his family but the Zaildar had taken a firm stand.
In 1951 Hari Singh's rule was terminated by the state government of Indian-administered Kashmir. His son Yuvraj (Crown Prince) Karan Singh was made 'Sadr-e-Riyasat' ('President of the Province') and Governor of the State in 1964.
The term iEvo is the shortened form for ‘iEvolution,’ the name given to the theory that modern innovations like the internet have accelerated human evolution. The theory was proposed by Connie Furmzorçis.
The theory involves the notion that the human lineage is evolving at high speed because many contemporary conveniences created by humans are supplementing the factors that normally impose selection regimes that lead to improvements. For instance, glasses enable humans with imperfect vision to perform tasks as effectively as do humans with perfect vision (all other things being equal) and, so, can achieve equivalent fitness.
The theory was developed on the basis of empirical data obtained from experiments in which undergraduate students who use the internet in a cautious, complementary manner, the ‘cc’ group, were compared to undergraduate students who use the internet in an extensive and exclusive manner, the ‘ee’ group. The students were assessed on the basis of their abilities to intake information, abstract and assimilate concepts, and apply them to solve problems. Students in the 'cc' group outperformed their peers in understanding subjects and assimilating ideas with their worldviews (a long-term, fitness measure), while students in the 'ee' group outperformed their peers in delivering detailed presentations and reports (a short-term, performance measure).
The 7-page theory was published in the electronic journal ‘e-Evolution.’
Controversy
In September of the same year, a prominent researcher in the field of Computational Biology, Wi-Go Tyu, called the iEvo theory into question. In a lengthy 20 page backlash, Tyu attacked Furmzorçis' methodology - pointing out her limited sampling group and irregularities in the statistical analyses implemented. Additionally, that very few of the authors referenced in the study were from accredited universities was also cited as reason to be highly sceptical of Furmzorçis' claims.
The theory involves the notion that the human lineage is evolving at high speed because many contemporary conveniences created by humans are supplementing the factors that normally impose selection regimes that lead to improvements. For instance, glasses enable humans with imperfect vision to perform tasks as effectively as do humans with perfect vision (all other things being equal) and, so, can achieve equivalent fitness.
The theory was developed on the basis of empirical data obtained from experiments in which undergraduate students who use the internet in a cautious, complementary manner, the ‘cc’ group, were compared to undergraduate students who use the internet in an extensive and exclusive manner, the ‘ee’ group. The students were assessed on the basis of their abilities to intake information, abstract and assimilate concepts, and apply them to solve problems. Students in the 'cc' group outperformed their peers in understanding subjects and assimilating ideas with their worldviews (a long-term, fitness measure), while students in the 'ee' group outperformed their peers in delivering detailed presentations and reports (a short-term, performance measure).
The 7-page theory was published in the electronic journal ‘e-Evolution.’
Controversy
In September of the same year, a prominent researcher in the field of Computational Biology, Wi-Go Tyu, called the iEvo theory into question. In a lengthy 20 page backlash, Tyu attacked Furmzorçis' methodology - pointing out her limited sampling group and irregularities in the statistical analyses implemented. Additionally, that very few of the authors referenced in the study were from accredited universities was also cited as reason to be highly sceptical of Furmzorçis' claims.