These are technology and programs that help solve environmental problems directly or indirectly while increasing or generating capital for their company or organization.
Explanation and Examples
An environmental problem is any problem that causes the environment harm directly or indirectly. This can include a wide variety of issues like deforestation, greenhouse effect, over population, depleting natural resources, polluting of water, and landfills to name a few.
All of these problems have a detrimental effect on the environment. So people and companies are producing and working on new technologies and programs aimed at fixing these problems while making a profit. This new emerging market has stimulated many new companies to start up with the goal of being “green”. This “green revolution” is fueled by a few factors like the media, and the government passing stricter laws dealing with environment protection. Because of this we see lager growth in new technologies and industries dealing with helping the environment .
There are many fast growing sectors in environmental capitalism one being the bio-fuel industry. These companies take renewable resources like corn and oil producing plants and turn them into fuels that can power anything from a car to an electric generator. Last year in the United States we produce 4.5 billion gallons of ethanol with the prices per gallon of ethanol being about 1.25 it is big business. Because of this there are about 106 ethanol plants operating and many more on the way. The current production capability is around 5.1 billion gallons a year with new growth the production capability will be around 7.5 billion gallons a year by 2012. Because of the success and the renewable aspect of bio-fuel many other countries are starting to take a look at bio-fuels which will lead to new markets opening.
Another area of environmental capitalism that is growth fast is in green construction. Many business and construction companies are make “green buildings”. These are buildings that are made from recycled or renewable materials and lower energy and water consumption. There are many befits to these green buildings they are cheaper to run and have less of an impacted on the environment. Because they are cheaper to run some of the expense to build green is gained back over time. This industry also helps other sectors of environmental capitalism by using recycled or renewable materials or other green technology’s you care a higher demand for them which helps that sector grow [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/realestate/13cov.html?scp1&sqit%27s+getting+easier+to+be+green&st=nyt].
All of these sectors of environmental capitalism all have one thing in common they are create new jobs at a fast growing rate. These new jobs are called “green collar jobs” and there are millions of them from installing solar panels to building giant wind turbines. Most green collar jobs are blue collar jobs that also deal with environmental issues. The pay for these jobs are some times higher the other blue collar jobs because of the skill requited to do some of the jobs. Some look at the new job market at a good way to help low-income families get higher paying job . Environmental capitalism has also brought growth in existing markets. Silicon Valley has greatly befitted as green technology has grown. In 2006 clean technology investment grew from 34 million to 290 million in about 9 months. Also in that time semiconductor companies grew 15 percent. All this growth has brought on the need for new workers in all aspects of production[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29valley.html?scp1&sqsilicon+valley+rebounds&st=nyt] With new laws and regulation being set by government official’s environmental capitalism is going to be a growing industry for many years to come.
Historical Background
Most of the early technologies that we would consider to be environmental friendly where developed to fill a purely capitalistic needs. Like hydroelectric power the first plant open in the US on September 20, 1882. It was create to solve the power needs for a growing nation. Which it did for a while in 1900 hydroelectric power supplied 60 percent of the power need of the nation . Now about 10 percent of the United States power is gotten from hydroelectric plants most of our power is made by burning coal. This industry has been around since before the 1600’s, recycling. The first paper recycling mill open in Philadelphia in 1690 but it was many year before the government realized the need find a better way of dealing with trash. In 1965 the federal government created the Solid Waste Disposal Act. which was created to figure out what to do with the trash. Over the years the recycling industry has grown into big business in “2000, 56,000 private and public facilities employed 1.1 million jobs and $236 billion in annual sales.” The industry is also a very fast growing sector of the economy with an employment growth rate of 8.3 percent .
Debate
The debate in environmental capitalism is over green technologies. Some people debate whither there is a need for any of these technologies that they are too expensive and that they don’t do that much to help the environment anyway. Also that the new technologies don’t work as well as old ones. Like in the case of cooling systems in buildings there have been reports of them not working as well as an old fashion AC. Others say that these new technologies are putting older less green companies out of business and make people lose their jobs .
The other side of the argument is that even though these technologies are expensive they will create saving in energy and water use as well as reducing the impacted on the environment. There are also government incentives that will aid in paying for the technologies. Also this new business is helping to stimulate the economy and create more new jobs which will offset the job lose in other industries.
Explanation and Examples
An environmental problem is any problem that causes the environment harm directly or indirectly. This can include a wide variety of issues like deforestation, greenhouse effect, over population, depleting natural resources, polluting of water, and landfills to name a few.
All of these problems have a detrimental effect on the environment. So people and companies are producing and working on new technologies and programs aimed at fixing these problems while making a profit. This new emerging market has stimulated many new companies to start up with the goal of being “green”. This “green revolution” is fueled by a few factors like the media, and the government passing stricter laws dealing with environment protection. Because of this we see lager growth in new technologies and industries dealing with helping the environment .
There are many fast growing sectors in environmental capitalism one being the bio-fuel industry. These companies take renewable resources like corn and oil producing plants and turn them into fuels that can power anything from a car to an electric generator. Last year in the United States we produce 4.5 billion gallons of ethanol with the prices per gallon of ethanol being about 1.25 it is big business. Because of this there are about 106 ethanol plants operating and many more on the way. The current production capability is around 5.1 billion gallons a year with new growth the production capability will be around 7.5 billion gallons a year by 2012. Because of the success and the renewable aspect of bio-fuel many other countries are starting to take a look at bio-fuels which will lead to new markets opening.
Another area of environmental capitalism that is growth fast is in green construction. Many business and construction companies are make “green buildings”. These are buildings that are made from recycled or renewable materials and lower energy and water consumption. There are many befits to these green buildings they are cheaper to run and have less of an impacted on the environment. Because they are cheaper to run some of the expense to build green is gained back over time. This industry also helps other sectors of environmental capitalism by using recycled or renewable materials or other green technology’s you care a higher demand for them which helps that sector grow [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/realestate/13cov.html?scp1&sqit%27s+getting+easier+to+be+green&st=nyt].
All of these sectors of environmental capitalism all have one thing in common they are create new jobs at a fast growing rate. These new jobs are called “green collar jobs” and there are millions of them from installing solar panels to building giant wind turbines. Most green collar jobs are blue collar jobs that also deal with environmental issues. The pay for these jobs are some times higher the other blue collar jobs because of the skill requited to do some of the jobs. Some look at the new job market at a good way to help low-income families get higher paying job . Environmental capitalism has also brought growth in existing markets. Silicon Valley has greatly befitted as green technology has grown. In 2006 clean technology investment grew from 34 million to 290 million in about 9 months. Also in that time semiconductor companies grew 15 percent. All this growth has brought on the need for new workers in all aspects of production[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29valley.html?scp1&sqsilicon+valley+rebounds&st=nyt] With new laws and regulation being set by government official’s environmental capitalism is going to be a growing industry for many years to come.
Historical Background
Most of the early technologies that we would consider to be environmental friendly where developed to fill a purely capitalistic needs. Like hydroelectric power the first plant open in the US on September 20, 1882. It was create to solve the power needs for a growing nation. Which it did for a while in 1900 hydroelectric power supplied 60 percent of the power need of the nation . Now about 10 percent of the United States power is gotten from hydroelectric plants most of our power is made by burning coal. This industry has been around since before the 1600’s, recycling. The first paper recycling mill open in Philadelphia in 1690 but it was many year before the government realized the need find a better way of dealing with trash. In 1965 the federal government created the Solid Waste Disposal Act. which was created to figure out what to do with the trash. Over the years the recycling industry has grown into big business in “2000, 56,000 private and public facilities employed 1.1 million jobs and $236 billion in annual sales.” The industry is also a very fast growing sector of the economy with an employment growth rate of 8.3 percent .
Debate
The debate in environmental capitalism is over green technologies. Some people debate whither there is a need for any of these technologies that they are too expensive and that they don’t do that much to help the environment anyway. Also that the new technologies don’t work as well as old ones. Like in the case of cooling systems in buildings there have been reports of them not working as well as an old fashion AC. Others say that these new technologies are putting older less green companies out of business and make people lose their jobs .
The other side of the argument is that even though these technologies are expensive they will create saving in energy and water use as well as reducing the impacted on the environment. There are also government incentives that will aid in paying for the technologies. Also this new business is helping to stimulate the economy and create more new jobs which will offset the job lose in other industries.
Denyse Berend is a French woman who famously bought a notable Persian artifact.
The 22 cm. by 30 cm. limestone relief features the bearded head of a Persian guardsman wearing a feathered headdress, and is thought to have come from the Apadana Palace, built by Xerxes I (486-465 BC) in Iran's ancient capital of Persepolis
In 2005, Iran began proceedings at the High Court in London to stop Christie's auction house from selling an ancient limestone artifact from Persepolis. Following Iran's request, the court delayed the sale of the Persian artifact in London.
Michel van Rijn, an art dealer and antiquities expert said: "If the High Court goes the direction of Iran it will send shivers down the spines of art collectors and museums. It could set a precedent and Iran could claim many more pieces worldwide."
Mr Justice Eady decided the action in favor of Berend. The High Court in London argued that based on French law, Berend is the "rightful owner" of the artifact since, having purchased it in 1974, after 30 years under French law, a 30 year statute of limitations period had elapsed.
The 22 cm. by 30 cm. limestone relief features the bearded head of a Persian guardsman wearing a feathered headdress, and is thought to have come from the Apadana Palace, built by Xerxes I (486-465 BC) in Iran's ancient capital of Persepolis
In 2005, Iran began proceedings at the High Court in London to stop Christie's auction house from selling an ancient limestone artifact from Persepolis. Following Iran's request, the court delayed the sale of the Persian artifact in London.
Michel van Rijn, an art dealer and antiquities expert said: "If the High Court goes the direction of Iran it will send shivers down the spines of art collectors and museums. It could set a precedent and Iran could claim many more pieces worldwide."
Mr Justice Eady decided the action in favor of Berend. The High Court in London argued that based on French law, Berend is the "rightful owner" of the artifact since, having purchased it in 1974, after 30 years under French law, a 30 year statute of limitations period had elapsed.
Cultural Deprivation
Why is there so much poverty and what is the reason for it? A theory which was at one time highly popular, controversial, and outdated that attempted to answer this question was the cultural deprivation theory. It basically states that the culture of the working class people, regardless of race, gender, and ethnicity, is inherently deficient and different from the middle class. For this reason, the working class will always remain poor.
Cultural Deprivation
The working class are deficient in the following areas:
* Social Experience : There social experience are different than the middle class and therefore, they cannot succeed because institutions carry middle class values.
* Cognitive: This refers to their IQ.
* Linguistic: This refers to their style of speaking and there ability to master the English language appropriately. For example, the kids of the working class tend to utilize more slang and have poorer English when compared to the middle class.
* Motivation: This suggests that the working class lack motivation for the future and desire instant gratification, unlike the middle class who value education a lot more.
Also, this theory believes that they have inappropriate values: For example, they believe that the working class places less value on education and more instant gratification. They value things like respect and strength more than the middle class.
Education
Focus has been placed on this theory in terms of educational failure of the working class. These 5 areas of deficit hinder them from achieving educational success. Another assumption of this theory is that the educational structure is built on middle class values and since it is believed that the culture of the middle class is different, it would be extremely difficult for them to succeed. Also, because the teachers have middle class values as well, the cultural deprivation theorists believe that they will have a bias against the working class kids and therefore they will not be able to teach them properly since their values and cultures conflict.
Parenting
Bad parenting skills as a result of working class frustration, lack of time to devote to kids, low level of education, bad job and therefore, they could not pass on adequate skills to their children. This describes the father as usually sexually promiscuous, a substance abuser, abusive, as well as a poor provider. The mother is generally described as inadequate, sporadically affectionate, bad role model, and one that fails to teach her children the value of education.
Home Life
This is also described as being inadequate and poor for preparing the child to assimilate in society. The home life is deemed inadequate for sensory stimulation for the optimal development of the children. It is also inadequate for giving the child a sense of space and time.
These result in a deficit in a child and thereby continuing the so called cycle of deprivation which one cannot get out of. The
assumption is that the child is left with poor cognitive development, linguistic development (restrictive vocabulary or they poor use of it), as well as having characteristics such as of mistrust, poor impulse control, low self esteem, and being fatalistic. The children of the working class do not have knowledge that there middle class peers have as well as the social experience, and values (money or education). As a result of this bad socialization, they are set up for failure in the educational system as well as in society.
The cycle is continued in that the next wave of the working class is also disorganized, noncompetitive and anti-intellectual.
History
The cultural deprivation theory originated from the cultural theory of poverty which was first introduced by Oscar Lewis in 1950. In this theory he stated that because the working class are culturally deprived, they are unable to take full advantage of the resources that are available to them. This theory resulted in two solutions: The working class would have to change and become like the middle class culture or the working class children would have to be compensated for their deficits in attempt to give them equal opportunity to compete with the middle class.
From this, many policies were created in an attempt to compensate and give them equal opportunity. This awareness led to things such as the War on Poverty in the 1960’s and continued to the program known as Operation Head Start under the Johnson administration. These programs were a failure because it attempted to change their values and beliefs and transform them into those of the middle class. This failure shed light on the fact that it is a different culture and therefore, instead of changing it, they should work with it so they can prepare the working class and give them equal opportunity to succeed.
From this decade long failure, a new theory emerged known as the cultural difference theory. This theory moved away from the thinking that the working class was deficient to the thinking that the working class was different. This theory focused on the way schools responded to teaching methods, value assumption, teacher attitudes, and most importantly the curriculum that would take into account cultural difference and not just the dominant culture of the middle class.
Major Criticisms
*One criticism is that this theory assumes that the white middle class cultures and values are the correct ones and therefore, when compared with the working class’, their culture is defined as deficient. The claim here is that in no one is in a position to say that this culture and values are the correct ones as opposed to another culture and its values.
*It does not account for all the people that rose out of poverty and are now successful and wealthy.
For example, the popular Oprah, Biggie Smalls, and Abraham Lincoln. These people were all dirt poor and still, they managed to rise above their poverty, and become very wealthy as well as popular. The theory does not account for this.
*It blames the working class. This is harmful because it suggests that no person, no institution can help them rise out of poverty, therefore, they should not try. It also suggests that they have to help themselves, however, this is not plausible because they have to interact with others of a different socioeconomic status.
*It is not inherent but it is a result of their environment. This means that the problem is not in their culture but of their environment and if their environment does not make the change necessary for them to rise out of poverty, than most likely, they will not be able to. For example, health insurance, “Cost increases hitting workers include larger hikes in the cost of family coverage, less access to needed prescription drugs through stricter HMO formularies and higher prices for more comprehensive coverage”. They argue that it is a result of a cycle of poverty lead by disadvantages
*The culture is not deficient but different.
*They are not deficient but they also strive for the middle class values and so, it must be that they are poor because of their disadvantages.
*This theory see very little things wrong with society and school as an institution. This is because the upper class as well as the middle class have not problem with it. Therefore, they believe that the problem must lie with the working class.
Why is there so much poverty and what is the reason for it? A theory which was at one time highly popular, controversial, and outdated that attempted to answer this question was the cultural deprivation theory. It basically states that the culture of the working class people, regardless of race, gender, and ethnicity, is inherently deficient and different from the middle class. For this reason, the working class will always remain poor.
Cultural Deprivation
The working class are deficient in the following areas:
* Social Experience : There social experience are different than the middle class and therefore, they cannot succeed because institutions carry middle class values.
* Cognitive: This refers to their IQ.
* Linguistic: This refers to their style of speaking and there ability to master the English language appropriately. For example, the kids of the working class tend to utilize more slang and have poorer English when compared to the middle class.
* Motivation: This suggests that the working class lack motivation for the future and desire instant gratification, unlike the middle class who value education a lot more.
Also, this theory believes that they have inappropriate values: For example, they believe that the working class places less value on education and more instant gratification. They value things like respect and strength more than the middle class.
Education
Focus has been placed on this theory in terms of educational failure of the working class. These 5 areas of deficit hinder them from achieving educational success. Another assumption of this theory is that the educational structure is built on middle class values and since it is believed that the culture of the middle class is different, it would be extremely difficult for them to succeed. Also, because the teachers have middle class values as well, the cultural deprivation theorists believe that they will have a bias against the working class kids and therefore they will not be able to teach them properly since their values and cultures conflict.
Parenting
Bad parenting skills as a result of working class frustration, lack of time to devote to kids, low level of education, bad job and therefore, they could not pass on adequate skills to their children. This describes the father as usually sexually promiscuous, a substance abuser, abusive, as well as a poor provider. The mother is generally described as inadequate, sporadically affectionate, bad role model, and one that fails to teach her children the value of education.
Home Life
This is also described as being inadequate and poor for preparing the child to assimilate in society. The home life is deemed inadequate for sensory stimulation for the optimal development of the children. It is also inadequate for giving the child a sense of space and time.
These result in a deficit in a child and thereby continuing the so called cycle of deprivation which one cannot get out of. The
assumption is that the child is left with poor cognitive development, linguistic development (restrictive vocabulary or they poor use of it), as well as having characteristics such as of mistrust, poor impulse control, low self esteem, and being fatalistic. The children of the working class do not have knowledge that there middle class peers have as well as the social experience, and values (money or education). As a result of this bad socialization, they are set up for failure in the educational system as well as in society.
The cycle is continued in that the next wave of the working class is also disorganized, noncompetitive and anti-intellectual.
History
The cultural deprivation theory originated from the cultural theory of poverty which was first introduced by Oscar Lewis in 1950. In this theory he stated that because the working class are culturally deprived, they are unable to take full advantage of the resources that are available to them. This theory resulted in two solutions: The working class would have to change and become like the middle class culture or the working class children would have to be compensated for their deficits in attempt to give them equal opportunity to compete with the middle class.
From this, many policies were created in an attempt to compensate and give them equal opportunity. This awareness led to things such as the War on Poverty in the 1960’s and continued to the program known as Operation Head Start under the Johnson administration. These programs were a failure because it attempted to change their values and beliefs and transform them into those of the middle class. This failure shed light on the fact that it is a different culture and therefore, instead of changing it, they should work with it so they can prepare the working class and give them equal opportunity to succeed.
From this decade long failure, a new theory emerged known as the cultural difference theory. This theory moved away from the thinking that the working class was deficient to the thinking that the working class was different. This theory focused on the way schools responded to teaching methods, value assumption, teacher attitudes, and most importantly the curriculum that would take into account cultural difference and not just the dominant culture of the middle class.
Major Criticisms
*One criticism is that this theory assumes that the white middle class cultures and values are the correct ones and therefore, when compared with the working class’, their culture is defined as deficient. The claim here is that in no one is in a position to say that this culture and values are the correct ones as opposed to another culture and its values.
*It does not account for all the people that rose out of poverty and are now successful and wealthy.
For example, the popular Oprah, Biggie Smalls, and Abraham Lincoln. These people were all dirt poor and still, they managed to rise above their poverty, and become very wealthy as well as popular. The theory does not account for this.
*It blames the working class. This is harmful because it suggests that no person, no institution can help them rise out of poverty, therefore, they should not try. It also suggests that they have to help themselves, however, this is not plausible because they have to interact with others of a different socioeconomic status.
*It is not inherent but it is a result of their environment. This means that the problem is not in their culture but of their environment and if their environment does not make the change necessary for them to rise out of poverty, than most likely, they will not be able to. For example, health insurance, “Cost increases hitting workers include larger hikes in the cost of family coverage, less access to needed prescription drugs through stricter HMO formularies and higher prices for more comprehensive coverage”. They argue that it is a result of a cycle of poverty lead by disadvantages
*The culture is not deficient but different.
*They are not deficient but they also strive for the middle class values and so, it must be that they are poor because of their disadvantages.
*This theory see very little things wrong with society and school as an institution. This is because the upper class as well as the middle class have not problem with it. Therefore, they believe that the problem must lie with the working class.
Ryan Sands (born June 14, 1982) is an American comic book writer and manga translator. Collaborating with illustrator Evan Hayden, Sands is known in the American comics fan community for his manga commentary and original scanlations of obscure and hard-to-find works by Japanese manga authors such as Yoshida Sensha, Suehiro Maruo, and Junji Ito. Sands was born and raised in Michigan. He studied Japanese and Economics at Stanford University. He currently resides in San Francisco.
Works
;Translations
*Tokyo Zombie by Yusaku Hanakuma (ISBN 978-0867197013)
;Original Comics
*The Bible 2005
;Reviews
* 2007
Works
;Translations
*Tokyo Zombie by Yusaku Hanakuma (ISBN 978-0867197013)
;Original Comics
*The Bible 2005
;Reviews
* 2007