Space Development Network (SDN) is a global co-operative for professionals, researchers, students and enthusiasts working towards the Development of Space Technologies, Space Exploration and Resources and is headquartered in Bangalore, India.
Description
SDN was founded by Sanjay Rathee, Sujay Sreedhar and Louis Gelinas. Members of this Network, collaborate and work on various interdisciplinary projects, participate in constructive technical discussions and share all our knowledge resources in a single consortium. Having established SDN Chapters in the fields of:
* Asteroid mining
* Space Colonization
* Space Debris
* Satellites
* Rocket launch Technology
* AI and Robotics
Foundations SDN is founded on the efforts of more than 30 years of research by Louis Gelinas. Louis has had a web presence under the site www.spacedevcoop.com since early 2011. In April 2015 Louis met Sanjay and Sujay through social media. They formed a Facebook group called SDN (Space Development Network).
In February 2016, Sanjay Rathee splintered SDN and formed Space Development Nexus (SDNx) which was a primarily India-based group.
Description
SDN was founded by Sanjay Rathee, Sujay Sreedhar and Louis Gelinas. Members of this Network, collaborate and work on various interdisciplinary projects, participate in constructive technical discussions and share all our knowledge resources in a single consortium. Having established SDN Chapters in the fields of:
* Asteroid mining
* Space Colonization
* Space Debris
* Satellites
* Rocket launch Technology
* AI and Robotics
Foundations SDN is founded on the efforts of more than 30 years of research by Louis Gelinas. Louis has had a web presence under the site www.spacedevcoop.com since early 2011. In April 2015 Louis met Sanjay and Sujay through social media. They formed a Facebook group called SDN (Space Development Network).
In February 2016, Sanjay Rathee splintered SDN and formed Space Development Nexus (SDNx) which was a primarily India-based group.
The Strait Jackets were an American rock band, often regarded as the first original punk rock group to emerge from Tampa, Florida, in the 1970s.
The Strait Jackets initially consisted of three members: Robert "Bobby" Woodrich on vocals and bass guitar, Lester Esser on guitar and vocals, and Allen Esser on drums. The band later added a second guitarist, Darren Rademaker. Playing places like the Buffalo Roadhouse, Ms. Lucky's, a biker club called My Back Yard, the Tampa Theatre and other venues, the Strait Jackets were most likely the first punk band in the Tampa area to perform original material. Zenith Nadir, an early punk cover band, were a certain inspiration to the burgeoning punk scene in Tampa, but more importantly they became the inspiration for Woodrich and Esser to form a band who wrote their own songs and, in 1978, this became the Strait Jackets. The band also appeared on occasion on the Pam Wiener and John Dubrule punk radio show on WMNF. The band lasted three years, breaking up in the middle of the recording of their first album in 1980. Each band member went their own way in the new post-punk era forming new groups.
The Strait Jackets initially consisted of three members: Robert "Bobby" Woodrich on vocals and bass guitar, Lester Esser on guitar and vocals, and Allen Esser on drums. The band later added a second guitarist, Darren Rademaker. Playing places like the Buffalo Roadhouse, Ms. Lucky's, a biker club called My Back Yard, the Tampa Theatre and other venues, the Strait Jackets were most likely the first punk band in the Tampa area to perform original material. Zenith Nadir, an early punk cover band, were a certain inspiration to the burgeoning punk scene in Tampa, but more importantly they became the inspiration for Woodrich and Esser to form a band who wrote their own songs and, in 1978, this became the Strait Jackets. The band also appeared on occasion on the Pam Wiener and John Dubrule punk radio show on WMNF. The band lasted three years, breaking up in the middle of the recording of their first album in 1980. Each band member went their own way in the new post-punk era forming new groups.
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Free beer refers to beer received without cost.
History
According to the code of Hammurabi in Babylon every temple worker in the 17th century BCE was allowed five loaves of bread and two mugs of beer. In ancient Egypt workers were allowed free beer. About a tenth of the annual holidays were devoted to drunkenness. To ensure the support of the people, the pharaohs gave them free beer.
In 1848 possibly violent riots in Munich were avoided with free beer. The unpopular king Ludwig I of Bavaria (grandfather of Ludwig II) had brought the public opinion against himself through his affairs with the Irish dancer Lola Montez. An angry mob armed with helmets, swords, halberds and shields stormed the armoury on Jakobplatz and marched into the royal residence, where they threw window covers in. The threatened king Ludwig I reacted to this and forbade shooting at his subjects. He called upon his brother Carl, beloved by the people, to gave free beer to the crowds. This calmed the crowds down and even made them return most of the mediaeval weapons they had taken back to the armoury.
Employees of breweries used to receive a portion of the brewery's products in addition to their salary first every day, later every week. The size of the portion depended on the employee's job description. The reason for this was that consumption of the brewery's own products was controlled. This allowance of free products also made it possible to give free drinks to other people and companies. Especially at weddings of the nobility or noteworthy citizens of Hanseatic cities it was common to give free beer and free food also to the "common people". Giving free beer to brewery employees was not a steadfastly established practice, at least in Germany. Usually this was seen as an employment benefit and was limited to between 40 and 100 litres per month. Originally the breweries decided to only allow consumption of this free beer in brewery premises, to prevent private distribution of the beer received. After consumption of alcohol during work hours was limited by German law, work policies or occupational safety, most breweries instead gave employees crates or barrels of beer to take home with them, also partially to their tenants and pensioners.
Free beer as advertising
Beer is often given away for free during various festivals and celebrations. Companies often give beer away for free to advertise their business to the public. Breweries and beer retailers give beer away for free to advertise their own products. This often happens in public events with a specific target group, such as municipal festivals, sport and dance events, concerts and fairs.
Beer given away for free is usually tapped from a barrel. This is cheap and allows pouring beer into glasses specifically for the needs of each customer. At commercially motivated events free beer is often limited by time (for example from 11 o'clock in the evening to midnight) or by volume (for example a total of five barrels).
One of the largest festivals with free beer is the annual summer festival of the brewery students of the Technical University of Munich in the district of Weihenstephan in Freising. Over 150 hectolitres of beer from over 300 breweries is given away for free at the festival every year. Attendance to this festival is limited to students and employees of the university only. Another festival with limited attendance is held by the Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin.
Free beer as a beer type
*The Stralsund-based brewery Störtebeker Braumanufaktur produces an ecological, non-alcoholic Pilsener beer called Frei-Bier with a gravity of 13%.
*The Weilheim-based brewery Waldhaus produces a filtered, alcohol-free beer called Frei Bier.
Free beer recipe
The beer Vores Øl was developed under the name Free Beer in the concept of free software. However this beer was not given away without cost, but instead the recipe was published with the Creative Commons licence. This allows brewing and distributing the beer without restriction, and also improving on the recipe. The recipe is also used in homebrewing.
</noinclude>
Free beer refers to beer received without cost.
History
According to the code of Hammurabi in Babylon every temple worker in the 17th century BCE was allowed five loaves of bread and two mugs of beer. In ancient Egypt workers were allowed free beer. About a tenth of the annual holidays were devoted to drunkenness. To ensure the support of the people, the pharaohs gave them free beer.
In 1848 possibly violent riots in Munich were avoided with free beer. The unpopular king Ludwig I of Bavaria (grandfather of Ludwig II) had brought the public opinion against himself through his affairs with the Irish dancer Lola Montez. An angry mob armed with helmets, swords, halberds and shields stormed the armoury on Jakobplatz and marched into the royal residence, where they threw window covers in. The threatened king Ludwig I reacted to this and forbade shooting at his subjects. He called upon his brother Carl, beloved by the people, to gave free beer to the crowds. This calmed the crowds down and even made them return most of the mediaeval weapons they had taken back to the armoury.
Employees of breweries used to receive a portion of the brewery's products in addition to their salary first every day, later every week. The size of the portion depended on the employee's job description. The reason for this was that consumption of the brewery's own products was controlled. This allowance of free products also made it possible to give free drinks to other people and companies. Especially at weddings of the nobility or noteworthy citizens of Hanseatic cities it was common to give free beer and free food also to the "common people". Giving free beer to brewery employees was not a steadfastly established practice, at least in Germany. Usually this was seen as an employment benefit and was limited to between 40 and 100 litres per month. Originally the breweries decided to only allow consumption of this free beer in brewery premises, to prevent private distribution of the beer received. After consumption of alcohol during work hours was limited by German law, work policies or occupational safety, most breweries instead gave employees crates or barrels of beer to take home with them, also partially to their tenants and pensioners.
Free beer as advertising
Beer is often given away for free during various festivals and celebrations. Companies often give beer away for free to advertise their business to the public. Breweries and beer retailers give beer away for free to advertise their own products. This often happens in public events with a specific target group, such as municipal festivals, sport and dance events, concerts and fairs.
Beer given away for free is usually tapped from a barrel. This is cheap and allows pouring beer into glasses specifically for the needs of each customer. At commercially motivated events free beer is often limited by time (for example from 11 o'clock in the evening to midnight) or by volume (for example a total of five barrels).
One of the largest festivals with free beer is the annual summer festival of the brewery students of the Technical University of Munich in the district of Weihenstephan in Freising. Over 150 hectolitres of beer from over 300 breweries is given away for free at the festival every year. Attendance to this festival is limited to students and employees of the university only. Another festival with limited attendance is held by the Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin.
Free beer as a beer type
*The Stralsund-based brewery Störtebeker Braumanufaktur produces an ecological, non-alcoholic Pilsener beer called Frei-Bier with a gravity of 13%.
*The Weilheim-based brewery Waldhaus produces a filtered, alcohol-free beer called Frei Bier.
Free beer recipe
The beer Vores Øl was developed under the name Free Beer in the concept of free software. However this beer was not given away without cost, but instead the recipe was published with the Creative Commons licence. This allows brewing and distributing the beer without restriction, and also improving on the recipe. The recipe is also used in homebrewing.
The Asian Institute is a research centre at the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto, and is located in the historical Devonshire House, a former residential hall of the university's Trinity College. Rachel Silvey is the Richard Charles Lee Director of the Asian Institute.
Research Focus
The Asian Institute has over one hundred affiliated scholars whose research focuses on the geopolitical region of Asia. Research at the Asian Institute is interdisciplinary and ranges from the humanities to the social sciences. Examples of this interdisciplinary approach are the Global Ideas Institute, the Contemporary Asian Studies undergraduate program, and the recent student run conference for Sustainable Development that examined how economic and social developments operate in the "regional" context.
Research centres
Centre for South Asian Studies
The Centre for South Asian Studies (CSAS) is a constitutive unit of the Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs. Ritu Birla is the former director of the centre. CSAS was established in 1981 and is a key research centre of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at University of Toronto with core faculty across the University of Toronto's downtown St. George, UTSC and UTM campuses. CSAS hosts and organizes many public lectures and academic events throughout the school year.
The CSAS examines "South Asia" and its regions as objects of knowledge, from mythic to governmental, to geopolitical, and "Postcolonial." CSAS programming addresses questions as wide-ranging as the workings of postcolonial democracy, law and activism; histories and contemporary configurations of the sacred and secular; political economy and cultures of capitalism; media, technology and the public sphere; the material and imaginative terrains of literary and visual cultures; and the present life of ancient civilizations.
Graduate and Undergraduate Study
CSAS does not grant undergraduate or graduate degrees, but has a collaborative program for students interested in pursuing a MA or PhD who have already been accepted to study at the University of Toronto. The Collaborative Master's and Doctoral Program in South Asian Studies focuses on basic methodological grounding for students working towards their research degrees. The program builds from an interdisciplinary and critical study of South Asia and as starting point to examine the development of global processes.
The CSAS offers a minor in South Asian Studies for undergraduate students that is a part of the Contemporary Asian Studies program at the Asian Institute. The South Asian Studies minor begins with an introduction into the study of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Students can also take a variety of undergraduate courses from other departments and faculties that can be used toward a CSAS minor.
Other centres
*Central and Inner Asia Studies
*Centre for Southeast Asian Studies
*Centre for the Study of Korea
*Dr. David Chu Program in Asia- Pacific Studies (soon to be the Contemporary Asian Studies program).
Notable Lectures
, "Nationalism, Internationalism and Cosmopolitanism: Some Observations from Modern Indian History."
Chen Kaige, Xie Fei, Bart Testa, Chen Biqiang, on the panel, "A Century of Chinese Cinema: Buried Treasures of Chinese Silent Cinema."
, "The Culture of Chinese Communist Resilience: Mining the Anyuan Revolutionary Tradition."
, "The Beginning of China's Twentieth Century: Revolution and Negotiation in the Era of 'Awakening of Asia.'"
Fall 2011- Spring 2012
, "Is Every Sanskritist a Nationalist?"
, "Reassessing the Politics of Man-Made Catastrophe: China's Great Leap Forward."
, "My Life in Theatre and Cinema."
Robert Petit, Kunthear Thorng, and Kate Robertson spoke at the symposium, "From Impunity to Accountability? The Khmer Rouge Tribunal."
Fall 2010- Spring 2011
, "Electronic Publication and the Critical Intellectual in the Post-Print Era: An Asia-Pacific Perspective."
, "How Have 170 Million Indian Muslims Remained Moderate?"
, "The New and the Now: Globalization and the Politics of the Déjà Vu."
, "China's "Rise" and the Environment's Decline."
Graduate and Undergraduate Study
Not all of the research centres that are a part of the Asian Institute offer taught programs, however, in association with the Dr. David Chu Program in Asia-Pacific Studies and the Centre for South Asian Studies, the Asian Institute runs several undergraduate and graduate programs.
Undergraduate
*Contemporary Asian Studies major and minor.
*South Asian Studies minor.
Graduate
*Collaborative Master's Program in Asia-Pacific Studies.
*Collaborative Master's and Doctoral Program in South Asian Studies.
Research Focus
The Asian Institute has over one hundred affiliated scholars whose research focuses on the geopolitical region of Asia. Research at the Asian Institute is interdisciplinary and ranges from the humanities to the social sciences. Examples of this interdisciplinary approach are the Global Ideas Institute, the Contemporary Asian Studies undergraduate program, and the recent student run conference for Sustainable Development that examined how economic and social developments operate in the "regional" context.
Research centres
Centre for South Asian Studies
The Centre for South Asian Studies (CSAS) is a constitutive unit of the Asian Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs. Ritu Birla is the former director of the centre. CSAS was established in 1981 and is a key research centre of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at University of Toronto with core faculty across the University of Toronto's downtown St. George, UTSC and UTM campuses. CSAS hosts and organizes many public lectures and academic events throughout the school year.
The CSAS examines "South Asia" and its regions as objects of knowledge, from mythic to governmental, to geopolitical, and "Postcolonial." CSAS programming addresses questions as wide-ranging as the workings of postcolonial democracy, law and activism; histories and contemporary configurations of the sacred and secular; political economy and cultures of capitalism; media, technology and the public sphere; the material and imaginative terrains of literary and visual cultures; and the present life of ancient civilizations.
Graduate and Undergraduate Study
CSAS does not grant undergraduate or graduate degrees, but has a collaborative program for students interested in pursuing a MA or PhD who have already been accepted to study at the University of Toronto. The Collaborative Master's and Doctoral Program in South Asian Studies focuses on basic methodological grounding for students working towards their research degrees. The program builds from an interdisciplinary and critical study of South Asia and as starting point to examine the development of global processes.
The CSAS offers a minor in South Asian Studies for undergraduate students that is a part of the Contemporary Asian Studies program at the Asian Institute. The South Asian Studies minor begins with an introduction into the study of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Students can also take a variety of undergraduate courses from other departments and faculties that can be used toward a CSAS minor.
Other centres
*Central and Inner Asia Studies
*Centre for Southeast Asian Studies
*Centre for the Study of Korea
*Dr. David Chu Program in Asia- Pacific Studies (soon to be the Contemporary Asian Studies program).
Notable Lectures
, "Nationalism, Internationalism and Cosmopolitanism: Some Observations from Modern Indian History."
Chen Kaige, Xie Fei, Bart Testa, Chen Biqiang, on the panel, "A Century of Chinese Cinema: Buried Treasures of Chinese Silent Cinema."
, "The Culture of Chinese Communist Resilience: Mining the Anyuan Revolutionary Tradition."
, "The Beginning of China's Twentieth Century: Revolution and Negotiation in the Era of 'Awakening of Asia.'"
Fall 2011- Spring 2012
, "Is Every Sanskritist a Nationalist?"
, "Reassessing the Politics of Man-Made Catastrophe: China's Great Leap Forward."
, "My Life in Theatre and Cinema."
Robert Petit, Kunthear Thorng, and Kate Robertson spoke at the symposium, "From Impunity to Accountability? The Khmer Rouge Tribunal."
Fall 2010- Spring 2011
, "Electronic Publication and the Critical Intellectual in the Post-Print Era: An Asia-Pacific Perspective."
, "How Have 170 Million Indian Muslims Remained Moderate?"
, "The New and the Now: Globalization and the Politics of the Déjà Vu."
, "China's "Rise" and the Environment's Decline."
Graduate and Undergraduate Study
Not all of the research centres that are a part of the Asian Institute offer taught programs, however, in association with the Dr. David Chu Program in Asia-Pacific Studies and the Centre for South Asian Studies, the Asian Institute runs several undergraduate and graduate programs.
Undergraduate
*Contemporary Asian Studies major and minor.
*South Asian Studies minor.
Graduate
*Collaborative Master's Program in Asia-Pacific Studies.
*Collaborative Master's and Doctoral Program in South Asian Studies.