A specialized city is one where a particular economic activity plays (or historically has played) a dominant role in urban life. It gives focus to the town's character. This character may be expressed in specific areas within the city. Cities may be specialized in more than one economic activity. For example, Oxford, United Kingdom is an important industrial city as well as a university city.
City properties
City properties can be expressed in a number of ways such as by describing: its physical characteristics (for example, in a "tourist" city, one might observe many hotels); its population (for example, in an university city, one might find large number of young people); the employment of its residents (for example, the percentage of citizens employed in the economic activity of a specialised city may be greater than percentage employed in the same activity in a non-specialized city) and its international reputation for a particular economic activity.
Types of specialized cities
Port cities
Port cities were once confined to locations suited to their establishment, for example, those with natural deep water harbours such as Mumbai Harbour or Sydney Harbour. Now, through technological advances, these same conditions can be created artificially (Port of Jebel Ali for instance).
In port cities, shipping facilities may occupy a large area of the city proper and coastline. Economic activity tends to concentrate in the city's port area.
Proximity to raw materials and manufactured goods to be shipped is favoured in order to decrease the transport costs of importers and exporters. The area from which materials and goods arrive at a port city is its economic hinterland.
Ports themselves may be specialized on the basis of their size, shape, depth, level of activity and the way materials and goods are handled for example, liquids such as oil, containers of goods, passengers or bulk materials.
Port cities may change if the factors which allow the economic activity of their port decrease. One example is London where wear-houses and docks on the banks of the River Thames fell into disrepair by the 1970s when trading about the British Empire had decreased.
Industrial cities
Industrial cities may be characterised by an landscape", typified by for example, large industrial zones, heavy pollution and factories. They may also be characterised by the nature of their industry or "practice". Examples include: carpet making in Bukhara, Uzbekistan and aircraft production in Seattle, Washington.
Tourist cities
A tourist city is one where the specialized economic activity is tourism. The factors attracting tourists to a city are many and varied. They include nearby natural wonders; archeological sites; unique forms of entertainment; sites or events of religious pilgrimage and so on. Some characteristics of a tourist city include: a large number of tourists; businesses and services established to cater for tourists and attractions for tourists and associated industries. Las Vegas, Nevada is an example of a tourist city.
University cities
Another type of specialized city is one where the economic activity is determined by "university life". University life might develop as a result of factors such as history and prestige of an educational center; international access to the educational centre; cooperation between university and the city itself, for example, in technological achievement, architecture, libraries, associated industries and so on; youth and transience of the population; the establishment of services for students; and residents who are academics. For example, Stanford University has a campus in Silicon Valley which cooperates with the computer industry.
City properties
City properties can be expressed in a number of ways such as by describing: its physical characteristics (for example, in a "tourist" city, one might observe many hotels); its population (for example, in an university city, one might find large number of young people); the employment of its residents (for example, the percentage of citizens employed in the economic activity of a specialised city may be greater than percentage employed in the same activity in a non-specialized city) and its international reputation for a particular economic activity.
Types of specialized cities
Port cities
Port cities were once confined to locations suited to their establishment, for example, those with natural deep water harbours such as Mumbai Harbour or Sydney Harbour. Now, through technological advances, these same conditions can be created artificially (Port of Jebel Ali for instance).
In port cities, shipping facilities may occupy a large area of the city proper and coastline. Economic activity tends to concentrate in the city's port area.
Proximity to raw materials and manufactured goods to be shipped is favoured in order to decrease the transport costs of importers and exporters. The area from which materials and goods arrive at a port city is its economic hinterland.
Ports themselves may be specialized on the basis of their size, shape, depth, level of activity and the way materials and goods are handled for example, liquids such as oil, containers of goods, passengers or bulk materials.
Port cities may change if the factors which allow the economic activity of their port decrease. One example is London where wear-houses and docks on the banks of the River Thames fell into disrepair by the 1970s when trading about the British Empire had decreased.
Industrial cities
Industrial cities may be characterised by an landscape", typified by for example, large industrial zones, heavy pollution and factories. They may also be characterised by the nature of their industry or "practice". Examples include: carpet making in Bukhara, Uzbekistan and aircraft production in Seattle, Washington.
Tourist cities
A tourist city is one where the specialized economic activity is tourism. The factors attracting tourists to a city are many and varied. They include nearby natural wonders; archeological sites; unique forms of entertainment; sites or events of religious pilgrimage and so on. Some characteristics of a tourist city include: a large number of tourists; businesses and services established to cater for tourists and attractions for tourists and associated industries. Las Vegas, Nevada is an example of a tourist city.
University cities
Another type of specialized city is one where the economic activity is determined by "university life". University life might develop as a result of factors such as history and prestige of an educational center; international access to the educational centre; cooperation between university and the city itself, for example, in technological achievement, architecture, libraries, associated industries and so on; youth and transience of the population; the establishment of services for students; and residents who are academics. For example, Stanford University has a campus in Silicon Valley which cooperates with the computer industry.
Biography
Akil Wingate is a multi-disciplinary artist, working profilically as a writer, singer-songwriter, composer and producer.
As a Singer-Songwriter, he has collaborated with Dj Reverb (Protege of Peter Gabriel and Roni Size), David Guetta & Joachim Garraud (SAVE MY SOUL), Tristan Garner (GIVE LOVE), Aaron McCleland aka Fonzerelli (HEARTS ON FIRE), Robert M (ALL DAY ALL NIGHT), Yves Larock (WITHOUT LOVE),
Mojado (TOO HIGH), Greg Access (SCANDALOUS), Sebastien Benett (YOU'RE NOT ALONE and ALL I HAVE), The Love Dealers (JUMP ON IT) and Stephano Prada & Rockstroh (DARKSTAR);
All of which have reached TOP 20 Status on European Dance Charts.
His live shows have seen him tour the world, including stellar performances before crowds surpassing 500,000 for France's TECHNOPARADE in 2009 and 2010.
As a Writer, he has seen his original stageplay "Dark Twilight" premiere to critical success at revolving stage un Harlem - NY, and win a long list of playwiting awards. He has been featured comumnist for e-magazine Qbliss with his column "Spectator Delay". His play the widening sea and the welcoming maelstrom premiered to critical success at the black playwright Theatre Festival of Atlanta.
His original one-man show "The Devil Blackdoor" is the winner of the United Arts Countcil of NC's Regional Artist grand and has played to SOLD OUT houses in the Southeastern United States.
He has modeled for DIESEL, ENERGIE, the HIV STOPS WITH THE CAMPAIGN, PARIS FASHION WEEK and numerous other grand marks. He has appeared in the television series "HOMICIDE", "THE CHELSEA HANDLER SHOW", and the feature films "CREEPSHOW 3" and "NATIONAL LAMPOON'S PUCKED".
He currently lives in Paris, France, where much of his time is devoted to writing and composing.... when he is not busy on his concert tour.
CHARTS PLACEMENT OF TITLES WRITTEN BY AND FEATURING AKIL WINGATE :
2007 - DAVID GUETTA & JOACHIM GARRAUD aka LOGIC - Save My Soul
2008 - TRISTAN GARNER - Give Love : TOP 20 Europe, Top 10 France, Switzerland, Russia, Belgium 2008/2009
2008 - GREG ACCESS - Scandalous (Number 1 Poland 2008, Top 20 Canada)
2008 - MOJADO - Too High (Top 20 Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Russia 2008) including remix with Bjorn Wolf & Hardwell
2009 - LOVE DEALERS - Jump On It (Number 1 Poland 2009)
2009 - STEFANO PRADA & ROCKSTROH - Darkstar (Top 10 Switzerland and Italy 2009)
2009 - AARON McCLELLAND aka FONZERELLI - Hearts On Fire : Number 1 Poland 2008, Top 20 Canada 2009
2010 - YVES LAROCK - Without Love (Top 20 Buzz Charts France 2010) including remix with Hydrogen & Fr3cky
2010 - ROBERT M - All Day All Night (Number 1 Poland 2011)
2011 - DIRTY RUSH - Wonderful Love
2012 - AKIL WINGATE & FRANCK DONA - IF including remix with Outwork
2012 - GIORGIO BRIDENSI, RIVERA - Alright including remix with Ricardo Reyna
2012 - AKIL WINGATE & FRAGMA - Where Do We Go
2012 - AKIL WINGATE - Broken including remix with Robert Vadney, Yanis S
2012 - AKIL WINGATE - One Day In Your Life including remix with Robert Vadney, Yanis S
WHAT THE PRESS SAYS:
Akil sets off sparks with soulful diva vocals ! - isaac McCalla, About.com
Akil turns in powerful renditions of "I WANT TO MAKE IT WITH YOU" and "I WILL SURVIVE..." outshine material! - Drew Stewald, The News-press
Akil brings down the house with an over-the-top rendering of "I WILL SURVIVE.". In fact, Akil livens things up every time he steps on stage and opens his mouth to sing his gospel-like version of "MAYBE I'M AMAZED" was another highlight of the evening. - Nancy Stetson, Naples Daily News.
Avec Akil wingate pour le chant.... le resultat est exposif, une voix qui scotche, une performance vocale entrainante, entre JAMES BROWN et LEE FIELDS. "EVERYTHING YOU NEED" répondra à vos besoins pour faire monter la fièvre du samedi soir. - Alex Debres, Coda Magazine France
Akil gives a performance of enormous sensitivity" - Scott Ross, Robert's Reviews Weekly.
Yves Larock and his friend Tony Sylla with the fantastic vocal delivery by Akil Wingate provide the dance community with another destined to become a club hit and quickly to crossover to the daytime radio maintstream kind of track. Outstanding release of the week. - Danceradio.com
Et si Akil Wingate devait etre un animal, il serait sans doute à cause de son élégance, une panthère noire. S'il devait être une voiture, il serait à cause de sa puissance, une Ferrari. S'il devait être une émotion divine, il serait la voix de l'Ange Gabriel. Cette voix d'une incroyable puissance, de surprenante nuances, mélange de soul et de gospel, lui qui est le petit fils d'un pasteur, ne laisse personne indifferent. - Show Magazine
Please find more informations:
www.akilwingate.com
Akil Wingate is a multi-disciplinary artist, working profilically as a writer, singer-songwriter, composer and producer.
As a Singer-Songwriter, he has collaborated with Dj Reverb (Protege of Peter Gabriel and Roni Size), David Guetta & Joachim Garraud (SAVE MY SOUL), Tristan Garner (GIVE LOVE), Aaron McCleland aka Fonzerelli (HEARTS ON FIRE), Robert M (ALL DAY ALL NIGHT), Yves Larock (WITHOUT LOVE),
Mojado (TOO HIGH), Greg Access (SCANDALOUS), Sebastien Benett (YOU'RE NOT ALONE and ALL I HAVE), The Love Dealers (JUMP ON IT) and Stephano Prada & Rockstroh (DARKSTAR);
All of which have reached TOP 20 Status on European Dance Charts.
His live shows have seen him tour the world, including stellar performances before crowds surpassing 500,000 for France's TECHNOPARADE in 2009 and 2010.
As a Writer, he has seen his original stageplay "Dark Twilight" premiere to critical success at revolving stage un Harlem - NY, and win a long list of playwiting awards. He has been featured comumnist for e-magazine Qbliss with his column "Spectator Delay". His play the widening sea and the welcoming maelstrom premiered to critical success at the black playwright Theatre Festival of Atlanta.
His original one-man show "The Devil Blackdoor" is the winner of the United Arts Countcil of NC's Regional Artist grand and has played to SOLD OUT houses in the Southeastern United States.
He has modeled for DIESEL, ENERGIE, the HIV STOPS WITH THE CAMPAIGN, PARIS FASHION WEEK and numerous other grand marks. He has appeared in the television series "HOMICIDE", "THE CHELSEA HANDLER SHOW", and the feature films "CREEPSHOW 3" and "NATIONAL LAMPOON'S PUCKED".
He currently lives in Paris, France, where much of his time is devoted to writing and composing.... when he is not busy on his concert tour.
CHARTS PLACEMENT OF TITLES WRITTEN BY AND FEATURING AKIL WINGATE :
2007 - DAVID GUETTA & JOACHIM GARRAUD aka LOGIC - Save My Soul
2008 - TRISTAN GARNER - Give Love : TOP 20 Europe, Top 10 France, Switzerland, Russia, Belgium 2008/2009
2008 - GREG ACCESS - Scandalous (Number 1 Poland 2008, Top 20 Canada)
2008 - MOJADO - Too High (Top 20 Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, Russia 2008) including remix with Bjorn Wolf & Hardwell
2009 - LOVE DEALERS - Jump On It (Number 1 Poland 2009)
2009 - STEFANO PRADA & ROCKSTROH - Darkstar (Top 10 Switzerland and Italy 2009)
2009 - AARON McCLELLAND aka FONZERELLI - Hearts On Fire : Number 1 Poland 2008, Top 20 Canada 2009
2010 - YVES LAROCK - Without Love (Top 20 Buzz Charts France 2010) including remix with Hydrogen & Fr3cky
2010 - ROBERT M - All Day All Night (Number 1 Poland 2011)
2011 - DIRTY RUSH - Wonderful Love
2012 - AKIL WINGATE & FRANCK DONA - IF including remix with Outwork
2012 - GIORGIO BRIDENSI, RIVERA - Alright including remix with Ricardo Reyna
2012 - AKIL WINGATE & FRAGMA - Where Do We Go
2012 - AKIL WINGATE - Broken including remix with Robert Vadney, Yanis S
2012 - AKIL WINGATE - One Day In Your Life including remix with Robert Vadney, Yanis S
WHAT THE PRESS SAYS:
Akil sets off sparks with soulful diva vocals ! - isaac McCalla, About.com
Akil turns in powerful renditions of "I WANT TO MAKE IT WITH YOU" and "I WILL SURVIVE..." outshine material! - Drew Stewald, The News-press
Akil brings down the house with an over-the-top rendering of "I WILL SURVIVE.". In fact, Akil livens things up every time he steps on stage and opens his mouth to sing his gospel-like version of "MAYBE I'M AMAZED" was another highlight of the evening. - Nancy Stetson, Naples Daily News.
Avec Akil wingate pour le chant.... le resultat est exposif, une voix qui scotche, une performance vocale entrainante, entre JAMES BROWN et LEE FIELDS. "EVERYTHING YOU NEED" répondra à vos besoins pour faire monter la fièvre du samedi soir. - Alex Debres, Coda Magazine France
Akil gives a performance of enormous sensitivity" - Scott Ross, Robert's Reviews Weekly.
Yves Larock and his friend Tony Sylla with the fantastic vocal delivery by Akil Wingate provide the dance community with another destined to become a club hit and quickly to crossover to the daytime radio maintstream kind of track. Outstanding release of the week. - Danceradio.com
Et si Akil Wingate devait etre un animal, il serait sans doute à cause de son élégance, une panthère noire. S'il devait être une voiture, il serait à cause de sa puissance, une Ferrari. S'il devait être une émotion divine, il serait la voix de l'Ange Gabriel. Cette voix d'une incroyable puissance, de surprenante nuances, mélange de soul et de gospel, lui qui est le petit fils d'un pasteur, ne laisse personne indifferent. - Show Magazine
Please find more informations:
www.akilwingate.com
Gianna Giavelli was born in Rochester New York. She is a technologist, futurist, and author who has led several silicon valley software companies. She has led research into integration theory, semantic network assisted information retrieval, neural networks and simulation, and location based analytics. She is also a pianist and a photographer.
Education
Gianna graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie New York with a degree in Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence and her thesis was A Neural Network System of Handwritten Writing Recognition. She was also a founding member of the Vassar Buddhist Sangha. During this time she studied Buddhism with John Daido Loori. She later attended Stanford's Computer Science program where she studied genetic programming theory with Dr. John Koza
Career
Gianna was one of the first female CTOs in silicon valley and one of only a handful in the nation. She started out working in several jobs for IBM Federal Systems Research including research work on the B-2 Spirit Bomber's AN/APR 50 program and the Advanced Tactical Fighter. Later she would go on to work as a senior engineer and manager at Oracle where she worked on core parts of the database technology. She also worked as an architect and team lead at Documentum. She managed technology teams for Ziff Davis, CMP Media, and published many technology articles. She was Chief Technology Officer for Velocitos, a business process measurement and optimization company, Chief Executive Officer of Topspot Inc. a recommendation technology, and Chief Technology Officer for Blueturn, a company which supplied analytics software for the US Navy. Later she was a founding member and CTO of CrossMyPath Technology, a location based analytics company.
Writing
She has written several works of fiction and non fiction. Her first book The Kingdom of Mei describes the life of a teen encountering Buddhism and concepts such as overcoming thrownness and identity of relative and absolute. Her second book Kathryn's Magic is the troubled story of three intertwined lives and finding love. Three Daughters of Lin is a children's story about realizing what's important in life. Foundational Principles of Cognitive Cybernetics posits a new theory of brain modeling and simulation - the 3d perceptron, a 1024x1024x1024 matrix - to create conscious systems.
Music
The following are some of the jazz compositions of Gianna Giavelli:
# Where is My Mind
# Green Blues
# Russian Dance
# Walking Improv
Education
Gianna graduated from Vassar College in Poughkeepsie New York with a degree in Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence and her thesis was A Neural Network System of Handwritten Writing Recognition. She was also a founding member of the Vassar Buddhist Sangha. During this time she studied Buddhism with John Daido Loori. She later attended Stanford's Computer Science program where she studied genetic programming theory with Dr. John Koza
Career
Gianna was one of the first female CTOs in silicon valley and one of only a handful in the nation. She started out working in several jobs for IBM Federal Systems Research including research work on the B-2 Spirit Bomber's AN/APR 50 program and the Advanced Tactical Fighter. Later she would go on to work as a senior engineer and manager at Oracle where she worked on core parts of the database technology. She also worked as an architect and team lead at Documentum. She managed technology teams for Ziff Davis, CMP Media, and published many technology articles. She was Chief Technology Officer for Velocitos, a business process measurement and optimization company, Chief Executive Officer of Topspot Inc. a recommendation technology, and Chief Technology Officer for Blueturn, a company which supplied analytics software for the US Navy. Later she was a founding member and CTO of CrossMyPath Technology, a location based analytics company.
Writing
She has written several works of fiction and non fiction. Her first book The Kingdom of Mei describes the life of a teen encountering Buddhism and concepts such as overcoming thrownness and identity of relative and absolute. Her second book Kathryn's Magic is the troubled story of three intertwined lives and finding love. Three Daughters of Lin is a children's story about realizing what's important in life. Foundational Principles of Cognitive Cybernetics posits a new theory of brain modeling and simulation - the 3d perceptron, a 1024x1024x1024 matrix - to create conscious systems.
Music
The following are some of the jazz compositions of Gianna Giavelli:
# Where is My Mind
# Green Blues
# Russian Dance
# Walking Improv
M-1 Global: Fedor vs. Monson was a mixed martial arts event held by M-1 Global. The event took place on November 20, 2011 at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow, Russia.
At the end of the heavyweight bout, Vladimir Putin entered the ring to congratulate the winner, Fedor Emelianenko, and gave a speech. The crowd booed during the speech; although some Russian media reports claimed that they had been booing the American loser, Jeff Monson, BBC News reported that several crowd members had stressed that they were booing Putin, and regarded Monson as an honorable loser.
Results
Main card
*Heavyweight bout: Fedor Emelianenko vs. Jeff Monson
:Emelianenko defeated Monson by unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27) .
*Lightweight Championship bout: Jose Figueroa (c) vs. Daniel Weichel
:Weichel defeated Figueroa via KO (punches) at 1:50 of round 1. Daniel became the new lightweight champion.
*Welterweight bout: Alexander Yakovlev vs. Juan Manuel Suarez
:Yakovlev defeated Suarez via TKO (punches) at 3:55 of round 2.
*Lightweight bout: Yuri Ivlev vs. Jerome Bouisson
:Ivlev defeated Bouisson via TKO (punch) at 1:00 of round 1.
*Lightweight bout: Mairbek Taisumov vs. Joshua Thorpe
:Taisumov defeated Thorpe via KO (punches) at 3:19 of round 2.
*Middleweight bout: Albert Duraev vs. Xavier Foupa-Pokam
:Duraev defeated Foupa-Pokam via submission (triangle choke) at 2:37 of round 2.
Preliminary card
*Heavyweight bout: Alexander Volkov vs. Arsen Abdulkerimov
:Volkov defeated Abdulkerimov via TKO (punches) at 1:00 of round 1.
*Light Heavyweight bout: Salim Davidov vs. Sergey Kornev
:Davidov defeated Kornev by unanimous decision.
*Lightweight bout: Mikhail Malyutin vs. Seydina Seck
:Malyutin defeated Seck via KO (punch) at 0:47 of round 1.
*Lightweight bout: Nicholas Kaushansky vs. Alexander Vinogradov
:Kaushansky defeated Vinogradov via submission (rear-naked choke) at 1:23 of round 2.
At the end of the heavyweight bout, Vladimir Putin entered the ring to congratulate the winner, Fedor Emelianenko, and gave a speech. The crowd booed during the speech; although some Russian media reports claimed that they had been booing the American loser, Jeff Monson, BBC News reported that several crowd members had stressed that they were booing Putin, and regarded Monson as an honorable loser.
Results
Main card
*Heavyweight bout: Fedor Emelianenko vs. Jeff Monson
:Emelianenko defeated Monson by unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27) .
*Lightweight Championship bout: Jose Figueroa (c) vs. Daniel Weichel
:Weichel defeated Figueroa via KO (punches) at 1:50 of round 1. Daniel became the new lightweight champion.
*Welterweight bout: Alexander Yakovlev vs. Juan Manuel Suarez
:Yakovlev defeated Suarez via TKO (punches) at 3:55 of round 2.
*Lightweight bout: Yuri Ivlev vs. Jerome Bouisson
:Ivlev defeated Bouisson via TKO (punch) at 1:00 of round 1.
*Lightweight bout: Mairbek Taisumov vs. Joshua Thorpe
:Taisumov defeated Thorpe via KO (punches) at 3:19 of round 2.
*Middleweight bout: Albert Duraev vs. Xavier Foupa-Pokam
:Duraev defeated Foupa-Pokam via submission (triangle choke) at 2:37 of round 2.
Preliminary card
*Heavyweight bout: Alexander Volkov vs. Arsen Abdulkerimov
:Volkov defeated Abdulkerimov via TKO (punches) at 1:00 of round 1.
*Light Heavyweight bout: Salim Davidov vs. Sergey Kornev
:Davidov defeated Kornev by unanimous decision.
*Lightweight bout: Mikhail Malyutin vs. Seydina Seck
:Malyutin defeated Seck via KO (punch) at 0:47 of round 1.
*Lightweight bout: Nicholas Kaushansky vs. Alexander Vinogradov
:Kaushansky defeated Vinogradov via submission (rear-naked choke) at 1:23 of round 2.