The 7th age of computing was a term first coined by Sam Soloman of Infini, it refers to a point in time in the history of computing. The ages of computing defined by this view of computing history is based on a mechanistic view of the development and availability of computing tools.
The seven ages are categorised using two criteria, firstly the number of people who have access to the tools and secondly the usefulness and power of the tools, i.e.,: what impact they have on the users life?
The first age is characterised by computing as a black art where access to computing tools is restricted to the very few, mostly academics and the military. The first age covers a very long period in human history.
The Second age of computing started on April 7, 1964 with the launch of the IBM 360 series mainframe. The 360 series mainframe became the computing bedrock of most large companies and governments worldwide. The 360 series spread computing tools to organisations outside research and the military. There were other machines from other manufacturers such as Univac, Honeywell, ICL and others but this era is overwhelmingly dominated by IBM.
The 3rd age of computing began in the mid 1970’s with the launch of various personal computer kits, included in this these platforms was the apple 1 in 1976. But the 3rd Age really belongs to IBM and Microsoft. IBM introduced the 5150 personal computer on August 12th 1981, bundled with an operating system from Microsoft. Over the next 10 years personal computing tools were put in the hands of millions of individuals and businesses.
The 4th Age of computing began just a couple of years after the launch of the IBM PC.
The giants of the 4th Age were Novell, 3com, Cisco and Microsoft, all four of these companies made major contributions in connecting the standalone pc to a local area network. The usefulness of the pc as computing tool grew exponentially when people could share files easily with others connected on the network.
The 5th Age is the early internet age which owes a lot to the work of DARPA: the US department of defence. Most people’s experience of the early internet age in terms of the interface will be their first use of the Netscape browser in 1995. The 5th Age heralded the dawning of the connected world. People were able to collaborate and publish using computing tools at minimal cost. The impact of the 5th Age was transformational; the enabling companies of the 5th age are those who did the heavy lifting and connected people to the internet such as AOL.
The 6th Age is an era of application mobility. In the 6th Age applications are freed from the users computing infrastructure. Users are able to access applications anywhere and everywhere through all sorts of devices. In the 6th Age the PC’s role as the critical computing device is challenged by a new generation of small mobile and highly connected devices. Users have extraordinary access to powerful computing tools free or at very little cost. The introduction of Cloud computing enables application developer’s access to a computing infrastructure, to deliver their applications to users on a global scale. In this Age there many companies who introduce interesting applications such as Google, FaceBook, EBay and many more.
The 7th Age is the era of ubiquitous computing. Mark Weiser coined the phrase "ubiquitous computing" around 1988, during his tenure as Chief Technologist of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). In this era, applications and computing tools become invisible to the user. Computing resources become part of the user’s world in an unobtrusive way; they assist the user to complete tasks without the user being aware of them. In this Age the computing tools combine together to deliver intelligence at the point of consumption. Infini will release on 8th of August 2008, the building blocks for ubiquitous computing.
The seven ages are categorised using two criteria, firstly the number of people who have access to the tools and secondly the usefulness and power of the tools, i.e.,: what impact they have on the users life?
The first age is characterised by computing as a black art where access to computing tools is restricted to the very few, mostly academics and the military. The first age covers a very long period in human history.
The Second age of computing started on April 7, 1964 with the launch of the IBM 360 series mainframe. The 360 series mainframe became the computing bedrock of most large companies and governments worldwide. The 360 series spread computing tools to organisations outside research and the military. There were other machines from other manufacturers such as Univac, Honeywell, ICL and others but this era is overwhelmingly dominated by IBM.
The 3rd age of computing began in the mid 1970’s with the launch of various personal computer kits, included in this these platforms was the apple 1 in 1976. But the 3rd Age really belongs to IBM and Microsoft. IBM introduced the 5150 personal computer on August 12th 1981, bundled with an operating system from Microsoft. Over the next 10 years personal computing tools were put in the hands of millions of individuals and businesses.
The 4th Age of computing began just a couple of years after the launch of the IBM PC.
The giants of the 4th Age were Novell, 3com, Cisco and Microsoft, all four of these companies made major contributions in connecting the standalone pc to a local area network. The usefulness of the pc as computing tool grew exponentially when people could share files easily with others connected on the network.
The 5th Age is the early internet age which owes a lot to the work of DARPA: the US department of defence. Most people’s experience of the early internet age in terms of the interface will be their first use of the Netscape browser in 1995. The 5th Age heralded the dawning of the connected world. People were able to collaborate and publish using computing tools at minimal cost. The impact of the 5th Age was transformational; the enabling companies of the 5th age are those who did the heavy lifting and connected people to the internet such as AOL.
The 6th Age is an era of application mobility. In the 6th Age applications are freed from the users computing infrastructure. Users are able to access applications anywhere and everywhere through all sorts of devices. In the 6th Age the PC’s role as the critical computing device is challenged by a new generation of small mobile and highly connected devices. Users have extraordinary access to powerful computing tools free or at very little cost. The introduction of Cloud computing enables application developer’s access to a computing infrastructure, to deliver their applications to users on a global scale. In this Age there many companies who introduce interesting applications such as Google, FaceBook, EBay and many more.
The 7th Age is the era of ubiquitous computing. Mark Weiser coined the phrase "ubiquitous computing" around 1988, during his tenure as Chief Technologist of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). In this era, applications and computing tools become invisible to the user. Computing resources become part of the user’s world in an unobtrusive way; they assist the user to complete tasks without the user being aware of them. In this Age the computing tools combine together to deliver intelligence at the point of consumption. Infini will release on 8th of August 2008, the building blocks for ubiquitous computing.
Overview
Broken Crescent is a game modification for Medieval II: Total War that focuses on the Middle East starting from Saladin in 1174 and concluding in 1408. The mod features an entirely new campaign map spanning from Anatolia to India, and allows you to take control of 9 new Muslim factions, 5 new Christian factions and many others. It also boasts a (partly) new soundtrack specially composed for the mod. While it features much more realism unit-wise than the original Medieval 2, the mod does not aim for perfect historical accuracy. As of April 2008, it is at version 1.05, with an anticipated update with no date set. It is currently one of the most complete and best modifications available for Medieval 2: Total War, however many other mods exist and can be found hosted on several modding forums.
Major Changes
The modification adds the following factions to the game, along with all new unit rosters:
Muslim:
*The Ayyubid Sultanate
*The Abbasid Caliphate
*The Turkish Sultanate
*The Great Seljuks
*The Khwarezm Shah
*The Sultanate of Ghazni
*The Ghorid Sultanate
*The Imamate of Oman
*The Malikate of Sindh
Christian:
*The Eastern Roman Empire
*The Kingdom of Jerusalem
*The Kingdom of Armenia
*The Kingdom of Georgia
*The Kingdom of Makuria
Hindu:
*The Solanki Rajputs
*The Chauchan Rajputs
Pagan & other:
*The Kypchaks
*The Mongols
In addition, battles have been slowed down and allow for a better use of strategy and a more authentic combat experience.
Screenshots
*totalwar.org
*twcenter.net
Broken Crescent is a game modification for Medieval II: Total War that focuses on the Middle East starting from Saladin in 1174 and concluding in 1408. The mod features an entirely new campaign map spanning from Anatolia to India, and allows you to take control of 9 new Muslim factions, 5 new Christian factions and many others. It also boasts a (partly) new soundtrack specially composed for the mod. While it features much more realism unit-wise than the original Medieval 2, the mod does not aim for perfect historical accuracy. As of April 2008, it is at version 1.05, with an anticipated update with no date set. It is currently one of the most complete and best modifications available for Medieval 2: Total War, however many other mods exist and can be found hosted on several modding forums.
Major Changes
The modification adds the following factions to the game, along with all new unit rosters:
Muslim:
*The Ayyubid Sultanate
*The Abbasid Caliphate
*The Turkish Sultanate
*The Great Seljuks
*The Khwarezm Shah
*The Sultanate of Ghazni
*The Ghorid Sultanate
*The Imamate of Oman
*The Malikate of Sindh
Christian:
*The Eastern Roman Empire
*The Kingdom of Jerusalem
*The Kingdom of Armenia
*The Kingdom of Georgia
*The Kingdom of Makuria
Hindu:
*The Solanki Rajputs
*The Chauchan Rajputs
Pagan & other:
*The Kypchaks
*The Mongols
In addition, battles have been slowed down and allow for a better use of strategy and a more authentic combat experience.
Screenshots
*totalwar.org
*twcenter.net
Dave McBridge (born David Sacco-Perkins; December 21, 1928) is an architect and artist from Bishop's Stortford, UK. He is best known for his first major work 'Old McBridge' and two further structures which have stood on the same site, titled 'Temporary McBridge' and 'New McBridge'.
Old McBridge
'Old McBridge' was in place until late 2007, and served as a work of art in it's own right, a cultural landmark yet also a fully functioning, practical means of providing access for members of the public wishing to traverse the river Stort. Some critics have described 'Old McBridge' as being 'bridge-like.
Temporary McBridge
In late 2007 'Dave McBridge' was dismantled to make way for a new exhibit titled 'Temporary McBridge'. This structure was more lightweight than the previous installation, making use of the traditional iron and steel along with mesh and wood. Similar in shape to the previous installation, 'Temporary McBridge has also been likened to a bridge in both form, design and functionality.
New McBridge
In 2008 'Temporary McBridge' made way for another new project, the third in the self titled series. This project would be known as 'New McBridge' and marked a new direction for McBridge's designs. A much larger and more ornate structure, 'New McBridge' makes greater use of the available space and utilises a greater range of materials. Problems however arose during the construction period, such as the removal of plant life from the surrounding area, and for delays in preparing the exhibit for public viewing and usage.
Critics largely favour 'New McBridge' over it's predecessors, some describing the installation as being "like a bridge with disabled and cyclist access. Comparisons to a bridge are once again notable, probably due to the structure's bridge-like appearance and it's enviable position straddling a river, the usual location for a bridge.
Awards
The Old McBridge has twice been nominated for the prestigious international bridge conference Arthur G. Hayden medal for "most bridge-like" in 1954 and 1987 hosted by the ESWP.
In the short period that the Temporary McBridge was erect it managed to attract the spotlight of "Roads and Bridges" magazine for three consecutive weeks. One reader commented "traversing it's platform can be compared to navigating a teflon coated superficies during a seismic storm", whilst another simply described the experience as "invigorating".
Controversy
Despite the general praise directed towards the architect, his works have often been marred by controversy. Most famously just after the original McBridge had been demolished, a mob of hardcore environmentalists, set fire to a local pub, "The Bridge House" , believing it to be the residence of Dave McBridge himself, leaving the building beyond repair. It is thought the arson attack was incited by the unauthorized destruction of a patch of rare fescue known locally as "stash grass".
Old McBridge
'Old McBridge' was in place until late 2007, and served as a work of art in it's own right, a cultural landmark yet also a fully functioning, practical means of providing access for members of the public wishing to traverse the river Stort. Some critics have described 'Old McBridge' as being 'bridge-like.
Temporary McBridge
In late 2007 'Dave McBridge' was dismantled to make way for a new exhibit titled 'Temporary McBridge'. This structure was more lightweight than the previous installation, making use of the traditional iron and steel along with mesh and wood. Similar in shape to the previous installation, 'Temporary McBridge has also been likened to a bridge in both form, design and functionality.
New McBridge
In 2008 'Temporary McBridge' made way for another new project, the third in the self titled series. This project would be known as 'New McBridge' and marked a new direction for McBridge's designs. A much larger and more ornate structure, 'New McBridge' makes greater use of the available space and utilises a greater range of materials. Problems however arose during the construction period, such as the removal of plant life from the surrounding area, and for delays in preparing the exhibit for public viewing and usage.
Critics largely favour 'New McBridge' over it's predecessors, some describing the installation as being "like a bridge with disabled and cyclist access. Comparisons to a bridge are once again notable, probably due to the structure's bridge-like appearance and it's enviable position straddling a river, the usual location for a bridge.
Awards
The Old McBridge has twice been nominated for the prestigious international bridge conference Arthur G. Hayden medal for "most bridge-like" in 1954 and 1987 hosted by the ESWP.
In the short period that the Temporary McBridge was erect it managed to attract the spotlight of "Roads and Bridges" magazine for three consecutive weeks. One reader commented "traversing it's platform can be compared to navigating a teflon coated superficies during a seismic storm", whilst another simply described the experience as "invigorating".
Controversy
Despite the general praise directed towards the architect, his works have often been marred by controversy. Most famously just after the original McBridge had been demolished, a mob of hardcore environmentalists, set fire to a local pub, "The Bridge House" , believing it to be the residence of Dave McBridge himself, leaving the building beyond repair. It is thought the arson attack was incited by the unauthorized destruction of a patch of rare fescue known locally as "stash grass".
This is a Nepali name; the family name is Gurung.
A simple school girl, Suddenly turned out as a national figure when she represented Nepal for "Miss Earth" in China, 2004.
She was Crowned "Miss Nepal Earth" in 2004 and "Miss Pachchhimanchal" in 2003 currently. She is working as a VJ in Namaste Pokhara. She loves being a Pokhareli and wants to appreciate all those working for the upliftment of Pokhara and its youth. She suggests everyone to take their life as it comes and always be happy.
Profile
* Name-Anita Gurung
* Age-22
* Height-5'6
* Languages- Nepali and English
* 2nd Runner Up of Miss Nepal 2004
Achievements
* Miss Paschimanchal 2003
* Miss Nepal Earth 2004 or 2nd runner up at Miss Nepal 2004
* VJ teaming with Namaste PKR
Links
* [http://www.nepalisite.com/fashion/missnepal/2004/missnepal_profile.cfm?id1&counter#RecordCount Anita in Miss Nepal]
* Anita
*
*
A simple school girl, Suddenly turned out as a national figure when she represented Nepal for "Miss Earth" in China, 2004.
She was Crowned "Miss Nepal Earth" in 2004 and "Miss Pachchhimanchal" in 2003 currently. She is working as a VJ in Namaste Pokhara. She loves being a Pokhareli and wants to appreciate all those working for the upliftment of Pokhara and its youth. She suggests everyone to take their life as it comes and always be happy.
Profile
* Name-Anita Gurung
* Age-22
* Height-5'6
* Languages- Nepali and English
* 2nd Runner Up of Miss Nepal 2004
Achievements
* Miss Paschimanchal 2003
* Miss Nepal Earth 2004 or 2nd runner up at Miss Nepal 2004
* VJ teaming with Namaste PKR
Links
* [http://www.nepalisite.com/fashion/missnepal/2004/missnepal_profile.cfm?id1&counter#RecordCount Anita in Miss Nepal]
* Anita
*
*