Violence against men

Violence against men is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against men.
History of violence against men
Julius Caesar and the geographer Strabo mention the wicker man as one of many ways the Druids of Gaul performed sacrifices. Caesar reports that some of the Gauls built the effigies out of sticks and placed living men inside, then set them on fire to pay tribute to the gods. Caesar writes that though the Druids generally used thieves and criminals, as they pleased the gods more, they sometimes used innocent men when no delinquents could be found.
A 2004 pilot study by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth titled "Violence against men: Men's experiences of interpersonal violence in Germany" stated: "it became clear that there is a lack of appropriate support services for men and boys, or that men are not making use of those resources that could potentially offer help because either the men themselves and/or their environment do not perceive the violence they experience as such".
Types of violence
Domestic violence
Martin S. Fiebert of the Department of Psychology at California State University, Long Beach, has compiled an annotated bibliography of research relating to spousal abuse by women on men. This bibliography examines 275 scholarly investigations: 214 empirical studies and 61 reviews and/or analyses appear to demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners. The aggregate sample size in the reviewed studies exceeds 365,000. In a Los Angeles Times article about male victims of domestic violence, Fiebert suggests that "...consensus in the field is that women are as likely as men to strike their partner but that—as expected—women are more likely to be injured than men." However, he noted, men are seriously injured in 38% of the cases in which "extreme aggression" is used. Fiebert additionally noted that his work was not meant to minimize the serious effects of men who abuse women.
The United Kingdom equal rights group Parity assert that men are unfairly treated in the provision of refuge places, stating that in England and Wales there is provision of 7,500 refuge places for women but only 60 for men.
State violence
Labor camps
War and militarism
The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military. Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 1-3 years on active duty, then transfer to the reserve force. Refusing to submit the draft is considered a criminal offence in most countries where conscription is in effect. Those who practice draft evasion are sometimes pejoratively referred to as "draft dodgers," a term which was made popular during the Vietnam War.
Furthermore, gendercide and mass killings of men in military age have been common in several conflicts in the world history from ancient to modern times.
Pakistan targeted male intellectuals for extermination in the erstwhile province of East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh) during the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities. Pol Pot executed many men in Cambodia, resulting in a large percentage of Cambodia's population afterwards being women. More recent examples include the 1988 Anfal campaign against Kurdish men and boys in Iraq and the Srebrenica massacre of 8,000+ Bosniak men and boys on July 12, 1995.
Other examples of mass killings, massacres and violence against men in wartime:
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* Massacre at Velika Kruša
* Izbica massacre
* LjubiÅ¾da Massacre
* Pusto Selo Massacre
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Law and policies
Misuse of domestic laws against men
The Save Indian Family Foundation, a men's rights group, asserts that India's domestic violence and anti-dowry-harassment laws are frequently misused against men.
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