T. V. S. R. Appa Rao

T. V. S. R. Appa Rao is a scientist from India who has worked in the areas of structural analysis design, testing, and failure investigations including those due to natural hazards. He has also been the director of the Structural Engineering Research Center.
Brief lifesketch
Appa Rao obtained his Bachelor's degree with Honours in Civil Engineering from Andhra University in 1962 and was a Gold Medalist. He received his Masters degree in Structural Engineering from University of Hawaii and his Ph.D. degree from Cornell University (United States) in 1968. After a brief period of experience as a consultant in USA., he joined the Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC), India, in 1969, and became its Director in 1995. He continued his research studies at SERC, as an Emeritus Scientist after his retirement in 2001.
List of Publications
125 Research papers published in national and international journals and/or presented in national and international conferences.
The list of the R&D publications is given below:
# Errera, S.J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Beams and columns braced by thin-walled steel diaphragms', 8th Congress of the IABSE, held at New York, Sept. 1968
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Errera, S.J., and Fisher, G.P., 'Columns braced by girts and a diaphragm', ST5, ASCE, May 1969
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An assumed stress hybrid finite element model for the analysis of axisymmetric thick-walled pressure vessel', presented at the First International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Berlin, West Germany, Sept. 1971
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Narayanan, R., Paul Joseph, G., and Ramachandran, V., 'The role of structural models in the design of prestressed concrete containments with particular reference to the Madras Atomic Power Project', presented at the Symposium on Nuclear Science and Engineering, held at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, March 1973
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Behaviour of concrete nuclear containment structures up to ultimate failure with special reference to MAPP-1 containment', presented as an invited theme paper at the symposium on Structural Mechanics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, March 1975
# Ramaswamy, G.S., Rajaraman, A., Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., and Khadakkar, A.G., 'Minimum weight design of parabolic dish antenna', presented at the Second International Conference on Space Structures, Surrey, England, Sept. 1975
# Errera, S.J. and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Design of I-shaped beams with diaphragm bracing', ST4, Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, April 1976
# Ramaswamy, G.S., Reddy, D.V., Chitale, S.L., Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., George, Z., Srinivasan, R.S., and Bobby, W., 'Design of hyperbolic paraboloid shell roof for a large auditorium', World Congress on Space Enclosures, Montreal, Canada, July 1976
# Errera,S.J. and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Design of I-shaped columns with diaphragm bracing', ST9, Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, September 1976
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Narayanan, R., Paul Joseph, G., and Khuddus, M.A., 'Structural model study of MAPP-1 containment', Proceedings of the Second Annual Engineering Mechanics Division Speciality Conference, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, pp. 109-111, May 1977
# Rajagopalan, K., Selvaraj, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'The torsional stiffness of a cylindrical tube with a reinforced cutout', presented at the International Conference on Computer Applications in Civil Engineering, held at University of Roorkee, India, Oc. 23-25, 1979
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Loganathan, K., and Gallagher, R.H., 'A discrete stiffener element for doubly-curved shells', presented at the International Conference on Computer-Applications in Civil Engineering, held at University of Roorkee, India, Oct. 23-25, 1979
# Khadakkar, A.G., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Determination of the torsional stiffness of an azimuth tube with a stiffened opening by holographic inter-ferometry', Optics and Lasers in Engineering, pp. 147-159, 1, 1980
# Jayarama Rao, G., Khadakkar, A.G., Narayanan, R., Ravi Sankar, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An optical system to increase the sensitivity of moiré analysis of strains', Tenth Symposium on Optics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India, Jan. 1982
# Jayarama Rao, G., Khadakkar, A.G., Narayanan, R., Ravi Sankar, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An optical system to increase the sensitivity of moiré to analyse strains', Journal of Optics, Vol.11, No.3, July-Sept. 1982
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Khadakkar, A.G., Rao, G.J., Narayanan, T., Sambandam, T., Iyer, N.R., 'Assessment of structural behaviour of MAPP-1 containment from pressure test', Trans. 7th Intl. Conf. On Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 22-26 August 1983, pp. 125-130
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Khadakkar, A.G., Ravi Sankar, K., and Nagesh R. Iyer, 'Stiffened rectangular cantilever shell subjected to a corner load', Proc. Of Second International Conference on Computational Mechods and Experimental Measurements, On board Liner Queen Elizabeth-2’, June-July 1984
# Gautam Sarabhai, Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Loganathan, K., Muralidharan, K., Sharma, P.C., Ramaswamy, G.S., 'Design and construction features of composite ferrocement shell roofs of optimum shape for the vocational workshop of the B.M. Institute, Ahmedabad, presented at the Second International Symposium on Ferrocement, Bangkok, Jan. 1985
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Loganathan, K., and Nagesh R. Iyer, 'Computer-aided analysis and design of ship structures', paper presented at the Workshop on Engineering Software - Applications and Research (ENGSAR), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, Jan. 1985
# Khadakkar, A.G., Ravi Sankar, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Three-dimensional photoelastic investigation of jaws of bridge superstructure', Jl. of Structural Engineering, Madras, Vol. 11, No. 4, Jan. 1985, pp 105-113
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Nagesh R. Iyer, Satish Chandra, and Pandian, N., 'Instability analysis of stiffened hyperboloidal shells', paper presented at the Second International Conference on Computer Aided Analysis and Design in Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, India, Jan. - Feb. 1985
# Ravisankar, K., Narayanan, R., Jayarama Rao, G., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Residual Stresses in Indian Standard Rolled Steel I-Sections', Jl. of Structural Engg., India, Vol.12, No.1, April 1985, pp. 21-27
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Pandian, N., Satish Chandra, and Nagesh R. Iyer, 'Performance of straight and curved finite elements for analysis of curved beams and arches' - Paper presented at the International Conference on Finite Elements on Computational Mechanics (FEICOM) held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Dec. 1985
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Loganathan, K., and Nagesh R. Iyer, 'Computer-Aided analysis of ship hull structures' - Proc. Marine Symposium, Madras, Jan. 1986
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., and Venkateswarlu, B., 'Wind effects on industrial structures', Proc. Indo-US Workshop on Wind Disaster Mitigation, Madras, 17-21, Dec. 1985
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Structural behaviour of a prestressed conmcrete containment: Assessment from model and proof tests', paper presented at the Workshop on 'Structures for Nuclear Power Reactor Technology', held at IIT, Madras, during 25-28 February 1987
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Spatial stability of curved beams', in Journal of Structural Engineering (India), Vol. 14, No.4, Jan. 1988, pp. 121-127
# Pandian, N., Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., and Satish Chandra, 'Studies on performance of curved beam finite elements for analysis of thin arches', Computers & Structures, Vol.31, No.6, 1989, pp. 997-1002
# Suri Krishna Mohan and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R.a, 'Effect of column settlement on stress resultants in hyperboloid cooling towers', presented at Seminar on Finite Element Applications for Practical Problems and ASKA Users’ Conference, NAL, Bangalore, 28-29, Jan. 1988
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Stability of structures - Applications', Lecture notes in Engineering edited by J. N. Reddy, C.S. Krishnamurthy and K.N. Seetharamu, Springer-Verlag, July 1988, pp 491-524
# Khadakkar, A.G., Narayanan, R., Ravi Shankar, K. Iyer, N.R., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Free Vibrations of a Cylindrical Shell by holographics Interferometry', Journal of Sound & Vibration (1988), 121(1), pp. 169,180
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Zachariah, K.Z., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Studies on free vibration of hyperboloic cooling tower shells', paper presented at International Symosium on 'Innovative Applications of Shells and Spatial Forms' held at Bangalore during 21-25, Nov. 1988
# Nagesh R. Iyer and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Studies on stress concentrations at shell-column junctions of hyperboloid cooling towers, Computers & Structures, Vol.34, No.2, 1990, pp 191-202
# Zachariah, K.Z., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Modelling of ship hull structures for finite element analysis', paper presented at the International Conference on Engineering Software-89, IIT, Delhi, Dec. 1989
# Krishna Mohan Rao, S.V., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Effect of tension stiffening on the nonlinear post-cracking behaviour of hyperboloid cooling towers', paper presented at the International Conference on Engineering Software-89, IIT, New Delhi, Dec. 1989
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Krishna Mohan Rao, S.V., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Inelastic analysis of windloaded cooling towers', paper presented at the National Seminar on Cooling Towers, NTPC, New Delhi, Jan. 1990
# Pandian N., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Instability analysis of natural draught cooling towers', paper presented at the National Seminar on Cooling Towers, NTPC, New Delhi, Jan. 1990
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., Zachariah, K.Z., Palani, G.S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Procedures for dynamic response analysis of ship hull structures subjected to propeller-induced excitations - A critical review', Proceedings of the National Seminar on ‘Marine Technology Perspective - 2000 A.D.’, Marine Engineers Division, Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi, Feb. 1990
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Analysis and design of natural draught hyperboloid cooling towers - An assessment of the status and future trends', paper presented at the International Conference on Advances in Structural Testing, Analysis and Design, IISc, Bangalore, July-Aug. 1990
# Pandian, N., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Studies on effect of imperfection on stress resultants in hyperboloid cooling towers', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.16, No.2, 43-48, 1989
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Design of Ship Hull structures - An Overview of the Development', Advances in Steel structures, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., New Delhi, 357-377, 1990
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., Zachariah, K.Z., Palani, G.S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Procedures for dynamic response analysis of ship hull structures subjected to propeller-induced excitations', Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Marine Engg. Division, Vol.72, 13-22, 1991
# Pandian, N., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A knowledge based expert system for the preliminary design of natural draught cooling towers', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.18, No.4, January 1992, pp 141-148
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Studies on added mass evaluation of ship-water interaction', Proceedings of the National Seminar on Offshore Structures, Visakhapatnam, C31-C39, 1992
# Palani, G.S., Nagesh R. Iyer and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An efficient finite element model for static and vibration analysis of eccentrically stiffened plates/shells', Computers & Structures, Vol.43, No.4, 651-661, 1992
# Nagesh R. Iyer and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A review of error analysis and adaptive refinement methodologies in finite element applications, Part-I: Error Analysis', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.19, No.2, 77-94, 1992
# Nagesh R. Iyer and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A review of error analysis and adaptive refinement methodologies in finite element applications, Part-II: Adaptive Refinements', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.19, No.3, 1992
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., Palani, G.S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An efficient algorith for vibration analysis of submerged/floating structures', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.19, No.3, 1992
# Palani, G.S., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'An efficient finite element model for static and vibration analysis of plate/shells with arbitrarily located eccentric stiffeners', Journal of Sound and Vibration, 163(3), 1993
# Rajashankar, J., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A new 3-D finite element model to evaluate added mass for analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 36, pp 997-1012 (1993)
# Ramanjaneyulu, K., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Collapse loads of reinforced concrete cylindrical water tanks using limit analysis approach', Journal of Computers and Structures, Vol.48, No.2, 1993
# Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Analysis of ship-water interaction effects', Proceedings of the 8th National Convention of Aerospace Engineers, IIT, Kharagpur, March 5-6, 1993
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Krishna Mohan Rao, S.V., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Investigation of ultimate strength of reinforced concrete shells employing nonlinear finite element analysis - Case Studies', Proc. Of Int. Symp. On Innovative World of Concrete, Bangalore, Aug.30-Sep.3, 1993
# Pandian, N., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Developments in the constitutive modeling of the reinforced concrete and their impact on the design of natural draft cooling towers', Proc. of National Seminar on Energy Structures, Madras, Feb.27-28, 1993
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Krishna Mohan Rao, S.V., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear analysis of RC hyperboloid cooling towers Part I' Material Model, Finite Element Model and Validation; Part II: Parametric study and results', Int. Jl. of Computers and Structures, Vol.49, No.6. pp 913-930, 1993
# Balaji Rao, K., Thomas, K.C., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Stochastic modeling of cyclones', Third Asia-Pacific Symposium on Wind Engineering, Hong Kong, Dec. 1993
# Muralidharan, T.L., Durgaprasad, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Damage assessment and vulnerability analysis of structures subjected to cyclones', Third Asia Pacific Symposium on Wind Engineering, Hong Kong, Dec. 1993
# Durgaprasad, J., Muralidharan, T.L., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Development of knowledge-based expert systems in structural engineering', Int. Computing Congress, Hyderabad, Dec. 1993
# Appa Rao, Nagesh R. Iyer, G.S. Palani and J. Rajasankar, 'Finite Element Models for Vibration Analysis of Ship Hull Structures for Propeller-Induced Excitations,' Proceedings of the 5th International Marine Design Conference & Summer Meeting of the German Society of Naval Architects, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, May 1994, pp 235-249
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Advances and trends in finite element modeling for computer-aided structural analysis', paper presented at the National Symposium on Structural Mechanics - 1994, IIT, Kharagpur, Dec.8-10, 1994
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Nagesh R. Iyer, Zachariah, K.Z., and Rajasankar, J., 'Finite element modeling of ship hulls using interactive graphics', paper presented at NASAS-94, held at IIT, Kharagpur, Dec.8-10, 1994
# Rajasankar, J., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A boundary element formulation for exterior fluid-structure interaction problems', paper accepted for presentation at NASAS-94, held at IIT, Kharagpur, Dec.8-10, 1994
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Reliability analysis of frames subjected to extreme winds', 9th Int. Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi, Jan. 1995
# Muralidharan, T.L., Durgaprasad, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A knowledge-based expert system for damage assessment and vulnerability analysis of structures subjected to cyclones', 9th Int. Conference on Wind Engineering, New Delhi, Jan. 1995
# Palani, G.S. Nagesh R.Iyer, Appa Rao, T.V.S.R 'Instability Analysis of Hyperboloidal Shells using the 9-Noded Lagrangian Plate/Shell Element', Proceedings of the Intl. Conf. on Stability of Structures, Allied Publishers Ltd., pp. 605-616, 1995
# Appa Rao,T.V.S.R ' Knowledge Based Expert System for Damage assessment and Vulnerability Analysis of Structures subject to cyclones Proc. of Workshop on Engineering of Structures for Mitigating Damage Due to Cyclones, Vol.22, No.1, Jan. '95, pp 1-10
# Balaji Rao,K., and T.V.S.R.Appa Rao, 'Reliability Analysis of Frames Subjected to extreme winds', 9th Int'l Conf. in Wind Engineering, New Delhi Jan. 1995 pp 1182-1194
# Murlidharan, T.L., Durgaprasad,J., Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Knowledge Based Expert System for Damage assessment and Vulnerability Analysis of Structures subject to cyclones', 9th Int'l Conf. in Wind Engineering, New Delhi Jan. 1995 pp 2176-2188
# Appa Rao, TVSR, Muralidharan, T.L., Balaji Rao, K. and Durgaprasad, J., 'Knowledge-based expert system for damage assessment and vulnerability analysis of structures subjected to cyclones', Journal of Structural Engineering (India), Vol.22, No.1, April 1995, pp. 1-10.
# Nagesh R. Iyer, J.Rajasankar and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Analysis for Ship-Water Interaction Effects ', Jl. Of Aerospace Engg. Div., The Instit. of Engineers (India), 75, May 1995, pp. 1-5
# Arul Jayachandran S., Vaidyanathan C.V., and Appa Rao T.V.S.R., 'Collapse predictions of thin plates under compression', International Conference on Stability of Structures, ICSS-95, Coimbatore, June 1995, pp 561 - 574
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, TVSR, 'Reliability of reinforced concrete beams against first crack inflexure', Journal of Structural Engineering (India), Vol.22, No.3, Oct, ‘95, pp. 145-152
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of Wind Loaded Natural Draught Cooling Tower Shells' First National Conference on Computer Aided Structural Analysis and Design (NC-CASAD), Hyderabad, January, 1996, pp 166-173
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Shell Structures', International Seminar on Civil Engineering Practices in Twenty-first Century, Roorkee, Feb., 1996, pp 170-179
# Durgaprasad, J, Muralidharan, T.L., and Appa Rao T.V.S.R., 'Application of artificial Neural networks for damage assessment in structural Engineering' Journal of StructuralEngineering (India), V.23, No.1, April 1996, pp 9-14
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Studies on Inelastic Behaviour of Perfect and Imperfect Cooling Tower Shells', 4th International Symposium on Natural Draught Cooling Towers, held at Kaiserslautern, Germany, May 29-31, 1996, pp 173-181
# Ramanjaneyulu, K., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Finite Element Analysis of a Cooling Tower Shell with Openings for Flue-gas Ducts', 4th International Symposium on Natural Draught Cooling Towers, held at Kaiserslautern, Germany, May 29-31, 1996, pp 345-353
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Shell Structures - Trends and Application in Design', National Seminar on Materials and Structures, Bangalore, 26 July 1996, I.1 - I.10
# Balaji Rao, K and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Risk Analysis for Cyclone-Prone Regions and Industrial Structures', Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Structural Reliability and its Applications, held at Tokyo, Japan, (during 12-14 November 1995), Proc. published 31 July 1996, pp. 204-211
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., Manjuprasad, M., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Design considerations and codal provisions for natural draught cooling towers', Proceedings of the national seminar on 'Industrial Structures', Madras, 23-24, December, 1996, pp. I.33-46
# Murlidharan, T. L., Durgaprasad, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Knowledge-based Expert System for Damage Assessment and Vulnerability Analysis of Structures Subjected to Cyclones', Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 72, 1997, pp. 479-491
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., Manjuprasad, M., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Role of nonlinear finite element analysis in the design and assessment of strength of natural draught cooling tower shells', Proceedings of Structural Engineering Convention 1997, Madras, February 12-14, 1997, pp. 479-488
# Rajasankar J, Nagesh R Iyer, Appa Rao T V S R, 'Knowledge based design of offshore deck grillages', Proc., Structural Engineering Convention 1997, IIT, Madras, Feb 12-14,1997, pp. 97-107.
# Ramanjaneyulu, K., Gopalakrishnan, S., Manjuprasad, M., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Investigations on structural behaviour of cooling tower shells with openings for flue gas ducts', Proceedings of Structural Engineering Convention 1997, Madras, February 12-14, 1997, pp. 489-499
# Nagesh R Iyer, Palani G S, Appa Rao T V S R, 'Modelling of steel plated local grillages for dynamic analysis', Proc. Conference on Ship and Ocean Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Mar 4-6, 1997, pp. 131-137
# Manjuprasad, M., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of RC Cooling Tower Shell Subjected to Wind Load Using Layered Shell Elements', Proceedings of the National Seminar on Wind Effects on Structures, Ghaziabad, April 3-4, 1997, pp. 263-275
# Nagesh R. Iyer, J. Rajasankar, G.S. Palani and T.V.S.R. Appa Rao 'An Efficient Procedure for Computation of Wet Modal Characteristics', Proceedings of the 7th NASAS on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics and Aeroelasticity (Eds. S.A. Hussainy, B.K. Parida, V. Shankar and C.G. Shah), NAL, Bangalore, August 1997, Allied Publishers Ltd., pp. III-146 to III-153
# Durgaprasad, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R. 'Parameter Interdependencies for Development of a KBS for Risk Analysis', Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, vol. II, No. 4, Oct. 1997, pp. 224-230
# Thomas K.C, Balaji Rao, K and Appa Rao T.V.S.R, ' Reliability Analysis of Steel Roof Trusses subject to Wind Loads', Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Vol.78, Feb-98, pp. 180-187
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Natural Disaster Mitigation - Roles of R&D Industitutions and the Media', Seminar on Natural Disaster Prevention and the Media, Anna Institute of Management, Chennai, 14th Oct. 1998, pp 88-94
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Probabilistic analysis of design wind loads and reliability based design of structural components', Journal of Structural Engineering, SERC, Vol. 25, No.1, April 1998, pp 65-74
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Some recent advances in computational methods for structural analysis', Keynote paper presented at the International Conference on Structural Engineering, Institution of Engineers (India), Sept. 25-27, 1999
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Cracking in reinforced concrete flexural members - A reliability model', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An International Journal, Vol.7, No.3, March 1999, pp 303-318
# Manjuprasad, M., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear finite element analysis of RC shell structures subjected to dynamic loads using layered shell elements', Proc. International Conference on ‘Innovative World of Concrete-98’, held at Calcutta during 16-19, Nov, 1998, pp 7.47 - 7.54
# Muralidharan, T.L., Rao, K.B., Durgaprasad, J., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Handling uncertainties in knowledge-based modelling and acquisition for the development of a knowledge-based system', Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering (USA), Mar 1999, pp 141-154
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A methodology for condition assessment of RC bridge girders with limited inspection data', The Bridge & Structural Engineer, Ing-IABSE, Vol.29, No.4, December 1999, pp 13-26
# Lakshmanan, N., Shanmugasundaram, S., and Appa Rao, TVSR, 'Studies on structural response of chimneys and industrial structures using boundary layer wind tunnel', Specialist Conference on Industrialised Building Systems & Structural Engineering, WEC-99, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 1999
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Strategies for engineering of buildings and structures for cyclone disaster mitigation', TCDC Workshop on Natural Disaster Reduction - Policy Issues and Strategies, Dec.21-22, 1999, SERC, Madras
# Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., Nagesh R. Iyer, Rajasankar, J., and Palani, G.S., 'Dynamic response analysis of ship hull structures', Marine Technology, Vol.37, No.3, Summer 2000, pp 117-128
# Balaji Rao, K., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Probabilistic analysis of strength of steel imperfect columns', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.27, No.1, April 2000, pp 41-48
# Rajasankar, J., Nagesh R. Iyer, and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'A procedure to assemble only non-zero coefficients of global matrix in finite element analysis' - Technical Note - Computers and Structures, 77 (2000), 595-599
# Manjuprasad, M., Gopalakrishnan, S., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Non-linear dynamic response of a reinforced concrete secondary containment shell subjected to seismic load', Journal of Engineering Structures, 23(2001), 397-406
# Gopalakrishnan, S., Ramanjaneyulu, K., Manjuprasad, M., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Nonlinear behaviour of RC shell structures subjected to dynamic loads', Proceedings of the National Symposium on Advances in Structural Dynamics and Design, Jan. 9-11, 2001
# Arunachalalam, S., Govindaraju, S.P., Lakshmanan, N., and Appa Rao, T.V.S.R., 'Across-wind aerodynamic parameters of tall chimneys with circular cross-section - an empirical model', Engineering Structures, 23 (2001), 502-520
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Advances Towards Integration of Computer Applications and IT for Design and Construction of Structures - An Overview', Keynote Address, Proc. of SEC-2001, Recent Developments in Structural Engineering, IIT, Roorkee, October 2001
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Trends in Computer Applications and Use of Information Technology for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Infrastructural Facilities', Journal of Indian Buildings Congress, Vol.9, No.1, June, 2002
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Efficient Use of Computer for Design and Construction of Structures - An Overview of Problems & Issues', Proceedings of the National Seminar on Recent Challenges in Civil Engineering (RCCE-2002), organized by Association of Consulting Civil Engineers (India), Hyderabad, June 22, 2002
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, Review of the Book on 'Guidelines for the Use of Computers for Engineering Calculations', Published by the Institution of Structural Engineers, 11 Upper Belgrade Street, London SWIX, 8BH, 2002, pp 47, The Indian Concrete Journal, August 2002
# T.V.S.R.Apparao & V.Laxmi Narasaiah, 'Use of Computers and Information Technology by the Construction Industry in India - Assessment of Present Status and Needs', Project EMR-0141,Report No.01-03, SERC, Chennai, February 2003
# T.V.S.R.Apparao & V.Laxmi Narasaiah, 'Developments in Computer and Information Technology Applications towards Computer Integrated Construction (CIC)', Project EMR-0141, Report No.02-03, SERC, Chennai, June 2003
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Advances in the Use of Computers and IT for Design and Construction of RC Structures', Proceedings of the National Seminar on Innovative Technologies in Construction of Concrete Structures, organized by Kavikulguru Institute of Technology & Science, Ramtek, February 2003
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Modelling Issues for Finite Element Analysis' Proceedings of the Workshop: Finite Element Analysis and Design of Structures (FEADS), Dec. 2003, SERC, Chennai. pp. 1-17.
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, and V.L.Narassaiah, 'Methods and Techniques for Integrating Computer and Information Technology Applications Towards Computer integrated Construction' Journal of Indian Building Congress, Volume X, No. 3, 2003, pp1-10.
# T.V.S.R.Apparao and V.Laxmi Narasaiah, 'Use of Computers and Information Technology by Construction Industry in India -An Assessment by Survey and Directions for Improvement', Communications, NICMAR Journal of Construction Management, Volume XIX, April - June 2004 Number II, pp. 55-57.
# R.K.Arun, and T.V.S.R. Appa Rao, 'Methodology for Integrating Computer Aided Design With Construction Scheduling', Journal of Structural of Engineering, Vol.31, No.4,January.- March, 2005, pp. 281-288.
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Development of Information Systems and Networking for Disaster Management - An Overview', Proceedings of the World Congress on Natural Disaster Mitigation, New Delhi, Feb. 2004.pp. 325-336
# M.B.Anoop, K.Balaji Rao, T.V.S.R.Apparao, and S.Gopalakrishnan, 'International Standards for Durability of RC Structures: Part-I - A Critical Review', The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol.75, No.9, September 2001
# M.B.Anoop, K.Balaji Rao, T.V.S.R.Apparao, and S.Gopalakrishnan, 'International Standards for Durability of RC Structures: Part- II - Recommendations for IS 456: 2000', The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol.75, No.11, November 2001
# T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Some Important Considerations and Application of Experimental Investigations for Design and Condition Assessment of Structural Components and Systems', Invited Plenary Lecture Presented at the XI NASAS Conference, organized by NAL, Bangalore, 8-9 February 2002
# B.Geetha, Nagesh R.Iyer and T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Multigrid Solver in Adaptive Finite Element Solution', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.No.29, No.4, January- March 2003, pp 239-243
# M.B.Anoop, K.Balaji Rao, T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'A Methodology for Durability- Based Service Life Design of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members', Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.55, No.3, June 2003, pp 289-303
# K.Ramanjaneyulu, S.Gopalakrishnan and T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Seismic Response Analysis of Column supported Natural Draught Cooling Tower Shells', Proc. of The National Seminar on Design of Nuclear Power Plants, Feb. 2003,SERC, Chennai, pp 461-473
# S..Gopalakrishnan, M.Manjuprasad and T.V.S.R.Apparao, 'Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of RC Secondary Containment Shell Subjected to Seismic Excitation', Proceedings of the National Seminar on Design of Nuclear Power Plants, Feb. 2003, SERC, Chennai, pp 41-52
# K.Balaji Rao & T.V.S.R.Appa Rao, 'Stochastic modeling of crack width in reinforced concrete beams subjected to fatigue loading', Engineering Structures 26 (2004), pp 659-667
# K.Balaji Rao, M.B.Anoop, N.Lakshmanan, S.Gopalakrishnan and T.V.S.R.Appa Rao, ‘Risk-based remaining life assessment of corrosion affected reinforced Concrete structural members', Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.31, No.1, April-June 2004, pp 51-64

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