Spain-Turkmenistan relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Turkmenistan does not have an embassy in Spain, but has a plenipotent ambassador for affairs with Spain in Moscow, Russia. Spain does not have an embassy in Turkmenistan, but has an accredited embassy for Turkmenistan affairs in Moscow. Diplomatic relations Spain and Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations on March 19, 1992. Spain keeps its ambassador in Moscow accredited in Ashjabad since the mid-1990s. Turkmenistan has just accredited (September 25, 2013) its first ambassador in Madrid, also, as in the Spanish case, residing in Moscow. The issuance of visas to residents of Turkmenistan who intend to travel to Spain is the responsibility of the consular section of the (Germany) embassy in Ashjabad or the Spanish consulate general in Moscow. In 2012, Spanish exports were more than double those of 2011 (+ 137%) and imports decreased by 9.5%, bringing the coverage rate to 322% (123% in 2011). He has promoted a third project on the internationalization of higher education in Turkmenistan (in coordination with the University of Seville). The Department of Ancient History of the Autonomous University of Madrid carries out a project in the Balkan region (velayat) to carry out excavations at the archaeological site of Dehistan (in 2007 the rector of said university and the Turkmen Minister of Culture and Radio Television signed an agreement to that effect).<ref name=coop />