Quantum gravity is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity in accordance with the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, for example, near black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, where the effects of gravity are strong. A theory is needed that goes beyond the general theory of relativity. It is expected that at distances very close to the center of the black hole (closer to the Planck length), quantum fluctuations in the curvature of spacetime will play an important role. To describe these quantum effects, a theory of quantum gravity is needed. The field of quantum gravity is actively developing, and theorists are studying various approaches to the problem of quantum gravity, the most popular of which are string theory and loop quantum gravity. All these approaches are aimed at describing the quantum behavior of the gravitational field. The integral method for constructing quantum gravity allows us to move from the classical Einstein equations to the Planck scale, find the basic equation of quantum gravity, and establish new uncertainty relations.