N-v-t distinction

In sociolinguistics, N-V-T is a framework of analysis proposed by Manuela Cook (1997, 2010) for the interpretation of pronouns and other forms of address.
N-V-T considers a dimension of neutrality (N) in addition to the customary informal T and formal V; and caters for a continuum of shades of meaning between poles T and V, where N can be a doorway into negotiated T or V. Semantic and structural N-V-T strategies will vary from language to language; and both pronominal and nominal encoders are taken into account.
The closeness associated with T is viewed as a means of serving factor solidarity but also as an opportunity to exert power. The distance associated with V is viewed as a means of serving factor power but also as an opportunity to provide N social space.
This tripartite classification has been acknowledged as a new proposal further to the usual T-V model. See 'History and usage' on the T-V distinction page.

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