Knowledge Grid

There are diverse uses of the term Knowledge Grid.
Data Mining on Grid Computing Infrastructure
A software system based on a set of services for knowledge discovery over a grid, designed by Mario Cannataro and Domenico Talia. The objective is to enable collaboration of scientists and professionals who must data mine from information stored in different research centers or for executive managers who use a knowledge management system operating over several data warehouses potentially located in different establishments.
The Knowledge Grid uses basic grid services and defines an additional set of communication layers to implement the services of distributed knowledge discovery on globally connected computers where each node can be either a sequential or a parallel machine.
General Definition
This definition starts from a more philosophical treatment of the flow of knowledge in a system of publication and proposes a vision of a possible future where networking tools facilitate the sharing and advancement of knowledge. This concept is presented by Hai Zhuge in the first book The Knowledge Grid.
Hai Zhuge proposed the concept of a Knowledge Grid and reported the development of a Knowledge Grid system for Web-based resource management in 2002. In 2004, Zhuge proposed a methodology for the development of the Knowledge Grid in The Knowledge Grid. According to his vision, the aim of Knowledge Grid is to raise the productivity of knowledge-intensive teamwork, so it could be built on existing platforms such as grid, P2P, Web, Web 2.0 or future Web.
As conceptualized the Knowledge Grid is an intelligent and sustainable Internet application environment that enables people or virtual roles (mechanisms that facilitate interoperation among users, applications, and resources) to effectively capture, publish, share and manage explicit knowledge resources. It also provides on-demand services to support innovation, cooperative teamwork, problem-solving and decision making. It incorporates epistemology and ontology to reflect human cognition characteristics; exploits social, ecological and economic principles; and adopts the techniques and standards developed during work toward the next-generation web.
Zhuge's Knowledge Grid ideal is an ideal interconnection environment or Knowledge Grid Environment.
The Knowledge Grid Environment consists of autonomous individuals, self-organized semantic communities, an adaptive networking mechanism, an evolving semantic overlay keeping meaningful connection between individuals, flows for dynamic resource sharing, and mechanisms supporting effective resource management, and providing appropriate knowledge services for problem-solving and innovation. It supports innovation and harmonious development of science, technology and culture. Main research objects are architecture and functions of the environment and its individuals, relations between individuals and between communities, and the relation between the environment and socio-economic development.
Zhuge further clarifies the notion of the Knowledge Grid as follows :
* Knowledge Grid Environment does not equal to knowledge discovery plus Grid computing.
* Knowledge Grid Environment does not equal to knowledge base plus Grid computing.
* Knowledge Grid Environment does not equal to distributed data mining.
* Knowledge Grid Environment does not equal to distributed knowledge base.
Zhuge's research focuses on the following components:
* Normalized Organization of various resources, which is implemented by a Resource Space Model.
* Semantic Link Network, a semantic (probably decentralized) overlay that supports advanced applications.
* Knowledge Flow Network, dynamic and decentralized sharing of knowledge in a cooperative environment.
Zhuge emphasized that various Knowledge Grids exist in society, even before the invention of computer. So, the construction of Knowledge Grid platform is only one aspect of research rather than the whole. To understand the principles of how people cooperate with each other effectively to realize socio value through sharing knowledge is the main concern of Knowledge Grid research. A peer-to-peer networking mechanism was developed as the underlying platform of the Knowledge Grid
Toward Cyber-Physical Society
Zhuge promoted the ideal of the Knowledge Grid toward the Cyber-Physical Society in the second edition of The Knowledge Grid in 2011.
Other Definitions
Infobright uses Knowledge Grid in the context of a Database Knowledge Grid, or the framework for maintaining and applying higher-level information about data stored within a relational database. Although such Database Knowledge Grid only refers to the local data, it may also provide an initial interface between different distributed data platforms and other knowledge sources.

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