Electromagnetically enhanced Physical Vapor Deposition

Electromagnetically-enhanced Physical Vapor Deposition (EPVD) is coating technique developed by Paradigm Shift Technologies, Inc. which uses electromagnetic fields to improve traditional physical vapor deposition, particularly in high-stress applications like gun barrel coatings.
History
EPVD technology was developed by Paradigm Shift Technologies, Inc., a Canadian company founded in 1995. It was invented to replace the traditional chrome plating.
EPVD enhances the standard PVD process by utilizing electromagnetic fields to guide the deposition.
Process overview
EPVD involves vaporizing the coating material in vacuum and depositing it onto the substrate. Electromagnetic fields are applied to control the deposition rate and ensure uniform coating thickness, resulting in superior coating properties. In this process, the material is removed from a target made from the refractory alloy and deposited on the bore of the gun barrel in a low-pressure, inert environment.

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