The degree and type of corruption varies in different countries. According to Transparency International's 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index the least corrupt countries are New Zealand, Denmark, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland and the most corrupt are Iraq, Sudan, Myanmar, Afghanistan and Somalia. Corruption by country *Africa **In much of West Africa, payment to civil servants to perform their duties is widespread, and is called (in West African Anglophone countries) 'dash'. * Corruption in Ghana * Corruption in Nigeria * Corruption in China * Corruption in India * Corruption in Malaysia * Vietnam ** PMU 18 scandal * France ** Corruption scandals in the Paris region * Italy ** Tangentopoli * Corruption in Russia *Corruption in Canada *Corruption in the United States * Brazil ** Mensalão scandal * Peru ** 2008 Peru oil scandal
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