Community and alternative media in Venezuela

Community and alternative media in Venezuela includes a series of community television stations and community radio stations, as well as other alternative media. "Community media" is one of three types of media defined in Venezuelan law (the others being "public" and "private"). Community television stations include Alba TV, Avila TV and Catia TVe. Catia TVe is one of the oldest community television stations in Venezuela, and was started in 2000 by a community organisation launched following the 1989 Caracazo. Other community and alternative media include Radio Perola, TV Petare, and the alternative news website Aporrea. In 2009 there were nine community radio stations serving Venezuela's indigenous peoples, such as the Wayuu. Previous national networks include the Venezuelan Network of Community Media, or Red Venezolana de Medios Comunitarios (RVM), established in 1996; and the National Association of Community, Independent, and Alternative Media, or Asociacion Nacional de Medios Comunitarios, Libres y Alternativos (ANMCLA).
History
Prior to 2000, community and alternative media were "few, fragmented, and primarily supported by meager funding from nonprofit, religious, and educational institutions". In 2000, a new Telecommunications Act legally recognized "... the right ... to establish open, community-based, and not-for-profit radio and
television media, for the exercise of free and plural communication rights" (Article 2, section 2)."

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