Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat
The Tehrik-e-Khatme Nabuwwat or Tehrik-e-Tahafuz-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat was a religious movement in Pakistan aiming to protect the finality of prophethood and to refute the repudiators of the belief in the finality of prophethood of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
History of Movement
The roots of Tehrik-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat can be traced back to the 1880s when the Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian proclaimed to be a prophet in Islam.
This movement gained momentum in 1934 when Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam arranged a big gathering called Ahrar Tableegh Conference, held at Qadian, the headquarters of Ahmadis in India before partition. Attaullah Shah Bukhari of Majlis-e-Ahrar led the conference.
Faith behind Movement
The theological basis is summarised below:
The phrase Khatm-e-Nubuwwat means that Muhammad is the last of the prophets.
Allah says in the Quran:
“Muhammad is not fathering any of your Men. However, he is the Messenger of Almighty Allah and the Last / Seal of the Prophets. In addition, Almighty Allah has complete knowledge of the things.” There are about one hundred verses of the Quran and more than two hundred sayings of the Muhammad on Khatm-e-Nubuwwat, which convey that the practice of appointing prophets has been finished after Muhammad. Some of the sayings of Muhammad on this:
- “I am the Last of the Prophets. No Prophet is there after me.”
- Saad Bin Abi Waqaas narrates that Muhammad said to Ali
- “Ali! You have the same status and relation with me as Haroon had with Moses with the exception that there is no prophet after me.”
- Abu Amarah narrates, the prophet said
“I am the Last of the Prophets and you are last of the Ummah.”
“I am the seal of the prophets and you are seal of Ummah.”
- Ummul-Mumineen Ayesha (Razi-Allah-ho-Anha) narrates, Muhammad said
“I am the Last of Prophets and My Mosque is the Last of the mosques of the Holy Prophets.”
- Uqba bin Aamir (Razi-Allah-ho-Anha) narrates, Muhammad said
“Had there been any Prophet after me, Umar bin Khattab would have been that”.
- Abu Hurerah (Razi-Allah-ho-Anhu) narrates, the holy prophet said
“My example and example of other prophets is like the one who constructed the great, grant and beautiful place but left place of a brick in one of the corners. People came to see and went around it. They praised its beauty and grandness very much. Besides they said this is one brick has not been fixed.” The prophet said, “I am that brick and I am the last of the prophets. (I am the seal of the prophethood)”.
- Sobaan(Razi-Allah-ho-Anhu) narrated, Muhammad said
“There will be thirty faiths less liars of the highest order. Every one of them will claims to be a Prophet. Whereas in fact, I am the last of the Prophets. No Prophet is to come (Here) after me”.
- Abuzar (Razi-Allah-ho-Anhu) narrates, Muhammad ( said to me.
“O; Abuzar! The primarily of the Prophets is Hazrat Adam (Alaihe-Salaam) and the last of all the Prophets is Hazrat Muhammad.”
Allah says in the Qur'an:
“Nor does he Say (ought) of (his own) desire. It is no less than inspiration sent down to him”. The whole Muslim Ummah coherence on the belief of Khatm-e-Nubuwwat. All the expounders and exegetics have concord on the meanings of Khatm-e-Nubuwwat. I.e. there is neither any type of prophet nor any sort of messenger after Muhammad. It is also concordat that there is no other interpretation or appropriation in the meanings of the word Khatm-e-Nubuwwat. The abnegator (denier) of Khatm-e-Nubuwwat is abnegator of Allah his last messenger and coherence of Muslim Ummah.
Movement in Pakistan
The movement’s history reads that after Pakistan came into being, as a result of the partition of the subcontinent, Chaudhry Zafarullah Khan, better known as Sir Zafarullah Khan, the first foreign minister of Pakistan, allegedly started patronising the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and nurtured it using his office. Although no evidence was ever provided of this allegation. The Court of enquiry report on the disturbances explains the real reasons for this violent uprising against Ahmadiyya Muslim community. Main reasons being persecution of Ahmadi Muslims due to theological differences and using the Ahmadiyya issues by religious fanatics to gain political mileage.
This was the first time that an all-parties movement to protect the finality of Muhammad started to surface. This movement — eventually called Kul Jamaati Majlis-e-Aml Tahafuz-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat —under Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam had three demands:
- removal of Zafarullah Khan from the foreign ministry
- removal of Ahmadis from top government offices;
- declaration of Ahmadis as non-Muslims.
This was in 1949, when Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam had just started working informally. The movement launched countrywide campaigns and protests resulting in a ban on Majlis-e-Ahrar in 1954. After the ban, a formal Majlis-e-Tahafuz-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat emerged as the substitute to lead this anti-Ahmadi campaign. The clerics also launched Aalami Majlis-e-Tahafuz-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat to counter Ahmadis across the world.
Ahmadis declared Non-Muslims in 1974
In 1973, the then president of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sardar Abdul Qayyum declared Ahmadis to be non-Muslims, a step which the Pakistani government had not yet taken. In the same year, Rabta-e-Alam-e-Islami Conference in Saudi Arabia also gave its stamp of approval to oust Ahmadis from the circle of Islam. The unfortunate beating of the students of Nishtar Medical College, Multan, on May 29, 1974, proved to be a major incident that infuriated Muslims in Pakistan. The students, going on train, started shouting against Ahmadis while reaching Rabwah – the headquarter city of Ahmadis in Pakistan – resulting in a violent reaction of Ahmadis to the students on the train on their way back. This incident ignited violent protests across the country, and resulted in the issue coming before the Pakistan Parliament later the same year. A delegation of Ahmadiyya scholars, including their head, Mirza Nasir Ahmad, and leading clerics of the time like Mufti Mahmood Ahmed, Shah Ahmad Noorani, Professor Ghafoor Ahmed and many others participated in the 15-day debate in the Pakistan parliament. The government's case was prosecuted by the secular Attorney-General, Yahya Bakhtiar of the ruling Pakistan Peoples Party. Some members of Parliament were initially sceptical, but in the end, voted unanimously to pass the Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan in December 1974. This amendment declares Ahmadis 'non-Muslim' for the purposes of the Constitution as Pakistan's President and Prime Minister must be of the Muslim faith.
Anti-Ahmadiyya Ordinance of 1984
After meeting the first agenda, Khatm-e-Nabuwat started the next phase of their campaign – to force Ahmadis to comply with the new law. They started demanding legal sanctions on Ahmadis barring them from using the title of Muslim. This campaign was at its peak when Maulana Yousaf of Jamia Banori (Karachi), and Punjab-based Maulana Khawaja Khan Muhammad were leading the Majlis-e-Amal Tahafuz-e-Khatam-e-Nabuwat in 1984 and 1985. The then president General Zia ul Haq passed an ordinance in 1984 amending the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) that called for punitive sanctions on Ahmadis in 1984, commonly known as Ordinance XX. This was another target achieved by the Khatm-e-Nabuwat and Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam.
Organizations
In February 27,1976 Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam leader Syed Abu Zar Bukhari,Syed Ata Ul Mohsin Bukhari went to Rabwah and this was the first time in the history of the world Friday prayer's was held by Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam and founded by a great and 1st mosque Jamia Masjid Ahrar by Winner of Rabwah Syed Ata Ul Mohsin Bukhari.Fifty thousands of Ahraris were arrested on this occasion.Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam again organized. In 1985, Maulana Manzoor Ahmad Chinioti and Abdul Hafeez Makki and other clerics also launched a separate organisation titled "International Khatm-e-Nabuwat Conference" also known as "International Khatm-e-Nubuwwat" to further corner Ahmadis and force them to follow the legal sanctions of 1984. Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam leaders Syed Ata Ul Mohsin Bukhari,Abdul Latif Khalid Cheema visit to London and also held a huge AHRAR KHATM-E-NUBUWWAT CONFERENCE. Pasban Khatme Nabuwwat is another organisation actively working for the same purpose.
Khatm-e-Nabuwwat activism is also found in the United Kingdom since 1984, when the Qadiani branch of the Ahmadiyya shifted their leadership from Pakistan to the United Kingdom. Khatm-e-Nubuwwat Academy in London are the UK-based independent group that provides awareness and information about the Ahmadiyya.
In December 2009, another committee called Muttahida Tehrik-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat Raabta Committee also surfaced in Lahore. Muttahida Tehrik-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat Raabta Committee is organized by Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam.Abdul Latif Khalid Cheema of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam is a central convenor of this organization.This party is a big plateform for the work of khatm-e-nubuwwat.All parties has participated under Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam.Jamat-e-Islami,jamiat Ullama-e-islam F,Jamiat Ullama-e-Islam,Jamat ul Dawah,Jamiat Ahl e Hadith,Pakistan Shariat counsil,Pakistan Muslim league N and more other organization are working under Muttahida Tehrik-e-Khatm-e-Nabuwat Raabta Committee in the supervision of Abdul Latif Khalid Cheema secretory Jonerel Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam .
See also
- Khatme Nabuwwat
- Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
- Pasban Khatme Nabuwwat
- Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat
- Khatm-e-Nubuwwat Academy
- Yousuf Ludhianvi
- Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari
- Akber Choudhry
External links
- Qasim Cheema Member of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
- Monthly Naqeeb-e-Khatm-e-Nubuwwat Pakistan
- Official Site of Khatm-e-Nabuwwat
- Tehreek-e-Khatame-Nabowat by Shorish Kashmiri
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