Sultan Amaluddin Sultan Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah
Seri Paduka Tuanku Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ma'moen Al Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah (8 March 1877 – 4 October 1945) was the 10th Sultan of Deli, who reigned from his proclamation on 11 September 1924 until his death on 4 October 1945.
Early life
He was born on 8 March 1877 in Labuhan Deli with the birth name Tengku Amaluddin. He was the eldest son of Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah and his second wife, Encik Ganda, who held the title Encik Ibu Baginda. Tengku Amaluddin was privately educated.
Tengku Besar
On 22 February 1893, Tengku Amaluddin was appointed as the heir apparent to the Deli Sultanate with the title of Tengku Besar. The official installation ceremony for his title was held on 3 July 1893 at Maimun Palace, marked by a traditional ceremony where he was invited to ascend a seven-tiered ceremonial dais, followed by the firing of a twelve-gun salute outside the palace.
Sultan of Deli
On 9 September 1924, his father, Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, passed away. Two days later, on 11 September 1924, as the late Sultan Ma'moen was about to be buried, the chieftains (*Orang Besar*) of the Deli Sultanate proclaimed Tengku Besar Amaluddin as the Sultan, with the regnal title Tuanku Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah.
Installation
The traditional ceremony for the installation of Tuanku Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah was held on 9 February 1925 at Maimun Palace. The proceedings began with the reading and presentation of the besluit (decree) from the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies by the Governor of the East Coast of Sumatra Residency to the Sultan. Subsequently, the Sultan sat upon the throne and invited the Governor to sit beside him.
The Tengku Prime Minister then approached carrying the crown, followed by Tengku Al Haji Ja’far (the former Pangeran Bendahara) carrying the state sword, the *pedang bawar*, which was presented to the Sultan. The Tengku Mufti then placed the crown upon the Sultan's head. This was followed by the reading of the proclamation (*cindra tabalan*) by Datuk Sri Indera Pahlawan Wazir Serbanyaman: "All your subjects cry, Long Live the Sultan...!!! Long Live the Sultan...!!! Long Live the Sultan...!!!" Outside the palace, a thirteen-gun salute was fired, followed by the sounding of drums and percussion from mosques and prayer houses, and the ringing of church bells, Chinese temple gongs, and Indian temple bells throughout the Deli Sultanate, signaling that Sultan Amaluddin had been officially enthroned.
Reign
On 10 February 1925, Sultan Amaluddin granted noble titles to several individuals; Tengku Khalijah (his third wife) received the title "Tengku Permaisuri" (Queen Consort), Encik Mariam (his second wife) was titled "Encik Negara", Encik Ganda (the Sultan's mother) was granted the title "Encik Ibu Baginda", Aja Siti Kamaliah (wife of the Tengku Prime Minister) was titled "Aja Puri Anum", and Encik Puan was titled "Encik Puan Besar".
On 1 August 1930, the Sultan held another ceremony to grant titles to Tengku Amiruddin (his second son), who was named "Tengku Pangeran Bendahara", and Raja Nor Aziah (Amiruddin's wife), who was granted the title "Tengku Bendahariah".
On 22 August 1937, he held a commemoration for the 75th anniversary of the signing of the Acte van Verband, a treaty of allegiance between the Deli Sultanate and the Dutch East Indies. The treaty had been signed by his grandfather, Sultan Mahmud Al Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah, in 1862. Grand festivities were held at Maimun Palace, and a book titled "Celebration of the Anniversary of the Deli Kingdom" was written by Tengku Haji Achmad Hayat.
In 1938, Sultan Amaluddin, accompanied by two of his sons—the Crown Prince Tengku Otteman and the Tengku Pangeran Bendahara, Tengku Amiruddin—attended the 40th Jubilee of Queen Wilhelmina's reign in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Marriage and children
Tuanku Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah married three times and was father to seven sons and eight daughters. His first marriage was to Tengku Maheran, who held the title Tengku Mahsuri. She was the daughter of the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II. They were married on 17 November 1899 in Singapore. Amaluddin and Maheran had one son, the Sultan's eldest, Tengku Otteman, who would later succeed him as Sultan Osman Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah. Tengku Maheran passed away on 16 April 1901.
In 1903, he married Encik Mariam, who held the title Encik Negara. She was the mother of Tengku Amiruddin, the Tengku Pangeran Bendahara.
In 1906, he married Tengku Khalijah, the younger sister of Tengku Maheran and also a daughter of the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II. From this marriage, they had two sons and seven daughters.
Death
Tuanku Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah died on 4 October 1945 at Maimun Palace. His remains were buried in the royal cemetery at the Great Mosque of Al-Mashun, Medan. His posthumous title is Marhum Rahimullah.
Honours
:
Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion – awarded 29 August 1931
Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau – awarded 31 August 1932
Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau – awarded 22 August 1923