Strumbola
Strumbola is an American Jazz concept for lute - tiple (teeh-pleh) style multi-stringed instrument utilizing four bouts of strings (with two or three strings per bout, tuned in octaves). Strumbola's open-tuning forms a diminished chord, giving a tight close-chord harmony up the neck, creating a Jazz-Harp like sound, with all the melodic movement on the 'inside' of the chord.
The name Strumbola derived from the open tuning of minor thirds which enhances "strumming" for rhythm section Jazz-Swing style chord voicings, lending more subtle tonal movements within those Jazz harmony chordings.
Whereas other tunings normal for guitar and mandolin, facilitate soloing and melodic movement in the top few strings during chording, with some chords being formed by the top three or four strings only, while leaving the bottom strings tacit. Strumbola tuning differs in that every chord (above the nut) is a barre chord (index finger across all strings), and all melodic movement within the chord is accomplished with the middle, ring, and pinky fingers. This results in a multitude of inside-the-chord close harmonies, similar to that of the fuller Harp but through the diminished chords leans toward a Jazz feel.
Strumbola tuning, by contrast, is not very conducive to single string soloing, as the intervals are so close together as to allow scarcely more than an octave to work with. It is the tuning which can make any string instrument "strumbola-ized", and not the physical design of body or specific shape. An American invention by John Case Schaeffer II (2003).