Seventh-day Adventist historicist interpretations of Bible prophecy

{{Seventh-day Adventism}}

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[[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] teach that [[Historicism (Christianity)|Historicism]] (including the [[day-year principle]]) is an excellent method of prophetic interpretation and was the traditional method of the almost all Protestant Reformers.{{sfn|Paulien|2003|pp= 15–43}}{{sfn|Paulien|2006|pp= 180–208}}{{sfn|LaRondelle|2005|pp=22–23, 25–27}}{{sfn|Arasola|1990}} Historicism as a method of interpreting prophecy has been challenged by some interpreters.{{sfn|Holbrook|1983}}<ref>[http://www.atoday.com/6.0.html?&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=198&cHash=d3c2cedbd5 The Sanctuary Doctrine – Asset or Liability? Part 6] by [[Raymond F. Cottrell]]. Cottrell was a former employee of SDA church who promoted church ideas while personally holding opposite views. Once retired after a length employment, he repudiated nearly everything he had promoted while working for the church.</ref>

Seventh-day Adventist reject [[Preterism]] which claims that the Book of Daniel was written in the second century against the background of contemporary events, especially the oppression of Antiochus Epiphanes. According to these interpreters, the book of Daniel is a work of fiction, or ''[[vaticinium ex eventu]]'', written during the Maccabean period to encourage resistance against tyranny. Because this position is held by the vast majority of modern commentators and critical scholars, SDAs reject their works as having any value. SDAs also reject [[Futurism (Christianity)]] and [[Dispensationalism]] that forces key parts of the prophecies of Daniel into an unspecified future time.
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==Historicist interpretation of prophecies in the book of Daniel==
Uriah Smith had this to say of the prophecies of Daniel: "His [Daniel] prophecy is, in many respects, the most remarkable of any in the Bible. It is the most comprehensive. It was the first Biblical prophecy giving a consecutive history of the world from that time to the end. It located most of its predictions within well-defined prophetic periods, though reaching many centuries into the future. It gave the first definitive chronological prophecy of the coming of the Messiah. It marked the time of this event so definitely that the Jews forbid any attempt to interpret its numbers; and so accurately had its minute and literal predictions been fulfilled down to the time of Porphyry, A.D. 250, that he declared (the only loophole he could devised for his hard-pressed skepticism) that the predictions were not written in the age of Babylon, but after the events themselves had occurred."{{sfn|Smith|1897|p=16-17}}

===Literary Structure===
[[File:Daniel double chiasm.jpg|thumb|Daniel double chiasm|left]]
In 1986, William H. Shea proposed that Daniel is composed of a double [[chiastic structure|chiasm]].<ref name="Shea">{{harvnb|Shea|1986|p=}}</ref> He states that the chiastic structure is emphasized by the languages in which the book is written. The first chiasm is written in Aramaic and the second in Hebrew, which explains why Aramaic continues to be used in chapter 7 rather than ending in chapter 6. Those who follow the chiastic language structure, view chapter 7 as the end of the first half of the book.

;Parallel themes share common label
The sections labeled '''A, A', A"''' and '''A"'''' are placed in parallel because they all have a similar theme: prophecies about successive kingdoms. God's people suffer trials in all 4 parts labelled '''B, B', B"''' and '''B"''''. Sections '''C, C', C"''' and '''C"'''' deal with prophecies about the actions of different kings. Finally the structure portrays the trial faced by the Anointed One as the focal point of the book ('''D''').

;Structure has precedence over chronology
The first 6 narrative chapters are fit into the structure rather than defining the structure. For instance, chapter 6 ('''B''''), which ought to follow chapter 7 ('''A'''') chronologically, is put in parallel with chapter 3 ('''B''') because they both deal with the persecution of Daniel and his friends i.e. "God's people." And chapter 5 ('''C'''') should follow chapters 7 and 8 ('''A"'''). Instead, it is put in parallel with chapter 4 ('''C''') where divine judgments are pronounced against the Babylonian kings.

;Grouping emphasizes prophecies
This chiastic grouping of chapters having the same theme has implications when it comes to the chapters containing prophecies ('''A, A', A", A'"'''). Not only are they parallel because they contain prophecies, but the prophecies themselves are parallel to each other, which has been recognized for millennia.

===Chapter 2 - Multi-metal statue===

[[File:Dan2parallel.jpg|thumb|Paraphrase of the prophecy of Daniel 2 by arranging prophecy phrases parallel to given interpretation.|right]]
====Survey of prophecy====
In Chapter two, King Nebuchadnezzar has a dream which he cannot remember after waking. He calls in the wise men to tell him of the dream but they cannot do so. In anger he decides do kill them all, but Daniel pleads for a day to pray for his God to give him the dream and its interpretation. The next day Daniel tells the king that he saw a large statue of a man: "''The head of the statue was made of pure gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of baked clay.''"<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:32-33|niv}}</ref>

Nebuchadnezzar was informed that he and his kingdom was represented by the head.{{sfn|Smith|1898|p=39}}
"''Your Majesty, you are the king of kings. The God of heaven has given you dominion and power and might and glory; in your hands he has placed all mankind and the beasts of the field and the birds in the sky. Wherever they live, he has made you ruler over them all. You are that head of gold.''"<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:37-38|niv}}</ref>

Below the head the body was composed of inferior metals descending in value until they reach their basest form in the feet and toes of iron mixed with baked clay.{{sfn|Smith|1898|p=38-39}} In contrast to the value of the metals, the hardness of the metals increases toward the feet.{{sfn|Ford|1978|p=96}} "''After you, another kingdom [silver] will arise, inferior to yours. Next, a third kingdom, one of bronze, will rule over the whole earth. Then there will be a fourth kingdom, strong as iron. ... [The kingdom of] feet and toes were partly of baked clay and partly of iron.''"<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:39-42|niv}}</ref> The statue was divided into five parts, each representing a kingdom.

Each material is designed to convey a specific characteristic of the kingdom it stands for.{{sfn|Doukhan|1987|p=14}} The character of the Babylonian Empire was indicated by gold. It was the golden kingdom of a golden age.{{sfn|Smith|1898|p=42}} The principal is applied to the iron, for example, "''strong as iron, for iron breaks and smashes everything.''"{{sfn|Doukhan|1987|p=14}}

The fifth kingdom - the feet partly of Iron and partly of clay - receives three meanings in the prophecy.{{sfn|Doukhan|1987|p=15}} First, ''this will be a divided kingdom''; second, it ''will be partly strong and partly brittle''; and third, ''the people will be a mixture and will not remain united''.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:41-43|niv}}</ref>
[[File:Rock striking statue.png|thumb|The rock strikes the statue on its feet.]]
The dream ends with the image being dashed to pieces by a large stone. It was ground to dust, and like chaff, it was finally blown away where no place could be found for it. Then something durable and of heavenly worth occupied it place. After the kingdoms of man pass away, the kingdom of God shall be set up and have no end.{{sfn|Smith|1898|p=39}} The contrast between the metals prized by men and the unworked stone implies a transition from the efforts of men to the creative work of God.{{sfn|Ford|1979|p=96}}

====Kingdoms identified====
[[File:Head of Gold.png|thumb|King is shown he is the head of gold]]
Of the five kingdoms represented by the divisions of the body, only the first is identified, as noted above. Nebuchadnezzar is told that he and his kingdom is the head of gold.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%
|-
! Chapter
! colspan=6|Sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists<ref name="Smith 1944">{{harvnb|Smith|1944}}</ref><ref name="Anderson 1975">{{harvnb|Anderson|1975}}</ref>
|-
|'''Chapter 2'''
| style="background: #ece992;"|Head Gold (Babylon)
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Chest & two arms Silver
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Belly and thighs Bronze
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Two Legs Iron
| style="background:tan;"|Two Feet with toes Clay & Iron
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|Rock God's ''unending kingdom'' left to no other ''people''
|}

Bible scholars from for over 2 millennia have studied and interpreted this prophecy. The following table give a shorthand summary of nearly every one who commented on the topic over that time period.

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:#fff"
|-
! Interpretations of the kingdoms of chapter 2 by Biblical expositors from the 1st to 19th centuries
|-
|From tables in Froom's exhaustive work ''The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers'', volume 1. This shows in short hand, that, for the most part, Bible scholars over the ages have understood the prophecies of Daniel within the historicist methodology.
|-
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: 100-457 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 456–7">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1950|pp=456–7}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=5|BPGR= '''B'''abylon - Media/'''P'''ersia - '''G'''reece - '''R'''ome. [BPGR] = Implies...
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|Feet/toes
!|Stone Kingdom
|-
|[[Josephus]]
|c. 100
|BPG[R]
|
|Messianic Kingdom
|-
|[[Yochanan ben Zakai]]
|1st century
|[BPGR]
|
|
|-
|[[Akiva ben Joseph]]
|d. 132
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Sibyllines
|3rd century
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|[[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]
|d. 238
|BPGR
|10 Kingdoms
|2nd Advent
|-
|[[Tertullian]]
|c. 240
|[BPGR]
|10 Kingdoms
|2nd Advent
|-
|[[Irenaeus]]
|c. 292
|BPGR
|10-fold division
|After division
|-
|[[Lactantius]]
|c. 330
|[BPGR]
|Divisions
|
|-
|[[Eusebius of Caesarea]]
|c. 340
|BPGR
|10 Kingdoms
|Kingdom of God
|-
|[[Aphrahat]]
|c. 350
|BPGR
|Divisions
|at 2nd Advent
|-
|[[Cyril of Alexandria]]
|w. 386
|[BPGR]
|
|Eternal Kingdom
|-
|[[John Chrysostom]]
|w. 407
|BPGR
|Divisions
|Christ's Kingdom
|-
|[[Sulpicius Severus]]
|c. 420
|[BPG]R
|Present Divisions
|Future Kingdom
|-
|[[Jerome]]
|w. 420
|BPGR
|Present Divisions
|After Destruction
|-
|[[Theodoret]]
|w. 457
|BPGR
|Divisions
|at 2nd Advent
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 894–5">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1950|pp=894–5}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|Feet/toes
!|Stone Kingdom
|-
|[[Augustine]]
|d. 430
|[BPGR]
|
|Catholic Church
|-
|[[Andreas Osiander]]
|7th century
|[BPGR]
|Multiple Kingdoms
|
|-
|[[Teaching of Jacob|Sargis D'Aberga]]
|7th century
|BPGR
|
|-
|[[Bede|Venerable Bede]]
|d. 735
|[BPGR]
|
|Church
|-
|[[Berengaud]]
|9th century
|[BPG]R
|
|
|-
|[[Eliezer]]
|8th-9th century
|BPGR
|
|messianic kingdom
|-
|[[Saadia]]
|d. 942
|BPG-Gog
|
|
|-
|Jephet ibn Ali
|10th century
|BPGR
|Rome & Arabs
|messianic kingdom
|-
|[[Rashi]]
|d. 1105
|B PGR
|Divisions
|messianic kingdom
|-
|[[Abraham ibn Ezra]]
|d. 1167
|BPG[R]
|Rome & Ishmael
|messianic kingdom
|-
|[[Peter Comestor]]
|d. 1178
|BPGR
|Divisions
|Kingdom of God
|-
|[[Joachim of Floris]]
|d. 1202
|BPGR-Sar.
|Final Kingdom
|Heavenly
|-
|[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|d. 1274
|BPGR
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522-1614 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|Feet/toes
!|Stone Kingdom
|-
|[[Martin Luther]]
|1522
|BPGR
|Modern Kingdoms
|Christ's Kingdom
|-
|[[Johann Oecolampadius]]
|1530
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of God
|-
|[[Philipp Melanchthon]]
|1543
|BPGR
|Modern Kingdoms
|messianic kingdom
|-
|Georg Joye
|1545
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|Everlasting
|-
|[[Hugh Latimer]]
|1553
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|-
|[[Virgil Solis]]
|1560
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Anglican Formulas
|c. 1563
|
|
|Future Kingdom
|-
|[[Nikolaus Selnecker]]
|1579
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Brightman]]
|1614
|[BPG]R
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era — Europe: 1600-1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 784–5">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1948|pp=784–5}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|
!|Stone Kingdom
|-
|[[George Downham]]
|1603
|[BPG]R
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Joseph Mede]]
|1631
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[John Tillinghast]]
|1655
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Chirst
|-
|[[Henry More]]
|1664
|[BPG]R
|
|
|-
|[[William Sherwin (minister)|William Sherwin]]
|1670
|[BPG]R
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Thomas Beverly
|1684
|[BPGR]
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Pierre Jurieu]]
|1687
|BPGR
|
|Kgdm. of Chr.
|-
|Johannes Cocceius
|1701
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Heinrich Horch
|1712
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Matthew Henry]]
|1714
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
|1727
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[John Willison]]
|1745
|[BPGR]
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Thomas Newton]]
|1754
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Hans Wood
|1787
|[BPGR]
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Christian G. Thube
|1789
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[James Ebenezer Bicheno]]
|1793
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Edward King
|1798
|[BPGR]
|
|
|-
|Jean G. de la Flechere
|1800
|BPGR
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era — America: 1600-1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 252–3">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1946|pp=252–3}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|Feet/Toes
!|Stone Kgdm.
|-
|[[Anne Bradstreet]]
|1642
|BPGR
|
|Future
|-
|Ephriam Huit
|1644
|BPGR
|Church-State
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Thomas Parker (minister)|Thomas Parker]]
|1646
|BPGR
|Intermarriage
|Kingdom of Saints
|-
|[[John Davenport (Puritan)|John Davenport]]
|1653
|BPGR
|
|Christ
|-
|Samuel Hutchinson
|1667
|BPGR
|
|2nd Advent
|-
|[[Increase Mather]]
|1669
|BPGR
|
|Not Yet
|-
|[[Nicholas Noyes]]
|1698
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Cotton Mather]]
|1702
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[William Burnet (colonial administrator)|William Burnet]]
|1724
|
|Divisions of Europe
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Paul Dudley (jurist)|Paul Dudley]]
|1731
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|[[Jonathan Edwards (theologian)|Jonathan Edwards]]
|1739
|BPGR
|10 Kingdoms
|
|-
|David Imri
|1756
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Ezekiel Cheever
|1757
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Samuel Gatchel
|1781
|[BPGR]
|
|
|-
|Benjamin Gale
|1788
|BPGR
|Church-State
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Samuel Hopkins (1721–1803)|Samuel Hopkins]]
|1793
|
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Samuel Osgood]]
|1794
|BPGR
|Present
|2nd Advent
|-
|David Austin
|1794
|BPGR
|Church-State
|Soon
|-
|Joshua Spalding
|1796
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the 19th Century Advent Awakening: 1800-1845 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 744–5">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1946|pp=744–5}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 metals
!|Feet/Toes
!|Stone Kingdom
|-
|[[Manuel Lacunza]]
|1799
|4 Kingdoms
|Divided Europe
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[William Hales]]
|1803
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[George Stanley Faber]]
|1804
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|-
|[[Thomas Scott (commentator)|Thomas Scott]]
|1805
|BPGR
|Secular w/Ecclesiastical
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Adam Clarke]]
|1810
|BPGR
|Divisions
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Samuel Toovey
|1813
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Captain Maitland]]
|1813
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|-
|[[William Cuninghame of Lainshaw|William Cuninghame]]
|1813
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|[[James Hatley Frere]]
|1815
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Lewis Way]]
|1818
|BPGR
|Divided Kingdoms
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Francis Mason (archdeacon)]]
|1820
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Jonathan Bayford
|1820
|BPGR
|Divided Europe
|Messianic kingdom
|-
|[[Joseph Wolff]]
|1822
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|John Fry
|1822
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|-
|Edward Cooper
|1825
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[S. R. Maitland]]
|1826
|BPGR
|Future
|Future
|-
|[[Edward Irving]]
|1826
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Edward T. Vaughan
|1828
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Thomas Keyworth
|1828
|BPGR
|10 Kingdoms
|
|-
|Gerald T. Noel
|1828
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Alexander Keith
|1828
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|Alfred Addis
|1829
|BPGR
|Divided Europe
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Jonathon Hooper
|1829
|BPGR
|Western Kingdoms
|God's Kingdom
|-
|William W. Pym
|1829
|BPGR
|
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Henry Drummond (1786–1860)|Henry Drummond]]
|1830
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|William Jones
|1830
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|-
|Edward N. Hoare
|1830
|BPGR
|10 Kingdoms
|2nd Advent
|-
|William Anderson
|1830
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[James Begg]]
|1831
|BPGR
|Intermarriages
|God's Kingdom
|-
|William Digby
|1831
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|William Thorp
|1831
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|John Cox
|1832
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Joseph d'A. Sirr
|1833
|BPGR
|Divisions
|God's Kingdom
|-
|Matthew Habershon
|1834
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|Bp Dan Wilson
|1836
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Edward Bickersteth (priest)|Edward Bickersteth]]
|1836
|BPGR
|
|
|-
|[[François Gaussen|François Samuel Robert Louis Gaussen]]
|1837
|BPGR
|Church-State
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|J. H. Richter
|1839
|BPGR
|Listed
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[Thomas Rawson Birks]]
|1843
|BPGR
|Mingle
|
|-
|Jonathan Cumming
|1843
|BPGR
|
|-
|[[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]]
|1843
|BPGR
|Divided Europe
|God's Kingdom
|-
|E. B. Elliot
|1844
|BPGR
|
|Kingdom of Christ
|-
|[[James Aitken Wylie|James A. Wylie]]
|1844
|BPGR
|Divided Europe
|God's Kingdom
|-
|[[Joseph Baylee]]
|1845
|BPGR
|Divided Europe
|Kingdom of Christ
|}
|}

This interpretation is not unique to Adventists and was held by many expositors in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref>For example, see [[Isaac Newton]]'s expositions of Daniel; or Canon Edward Hoare of Canterbury Cathedral, ''Rome, Turkey and Jerusalem''. Hatchards, 1876</ref>

===Chapter 7 - The 4 beasts and Judgement===
[[File:Dan7parallel.jpg|thumb|Paraphrase of the prophecy of Daniel 2 by arranging prophecy phrases parallel to given interpretation.|right]]
====Survey of prophecy====
During the reign of Belshazzar, the last king of Babylon, Daniel experiences a dream or vision.{{sfn|Smith|1889|p=105}} It has been fifty years since the vision of chapter 2.{{sfn|Maxwell|1981|p=107}} "''There before me were the four winds of heaven churning up the great sea. Four great beasts, each different from the others, came up out of the sea.''"<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:2-3|niv}}</ref> The winds represent strife, political commotion and war. The sea represents peoples, nations and tongues. The four beasts are four kings that will rise from the earth.{{sfn|Smith|1889|pp=105-106}}
[[File:4beasts.png|thumb|The Four Beasts of the vision|left]]
The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:4|niv}}</ref> There was a second beast, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one side, and it had three ribs in its mouth.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:5|niv}}</ref> The third beast looked like a leopard with four heads and four wings on its back .<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:6|niv}}</ref> The fourth beast was different from the others - terrifying, frightening and very powerful - with large iron teeth and ten horns on its head.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:7|niv}}</ref> Then a little horn came up among the ten and uprooted three of the others. It had eyes like a man and a mouth that smoke boastfully.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:8|niv}}</ref>

Then “thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. ... The court was seated, and the books were opened.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:9-10|niv}}</ref> It is a judgment.{{sfn|Smith|1898|p=113}} The beast was slain because of its boastful words and its body destroyed in fire. The other beasts had no power but continued to live for awhile.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:11-12|niv}}</ref> One like a son of man came in the clouds of heaven to the Ancient of Days. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:13-14|niv}}</ref>

====Literary comparison between chapters 2 and 7====
[[File:Dan2n7parallel.jpg|thumb|Literary comparison between the prophecies of Daniel 2 and Daniel 7|left]]
SDA Historicist scholars point out the following literary parallels between chapters 2 and 7.
:;Lion
Similar symbols are used in chapters 2 and 7 concerning the first kingdom of both. Speaking to Nebuchadnezzar in chapter 2 Daniel said, "''You are the king of kings, ... in your hands he has placed all'' mankind ''and the'' beasts of the field ''and the'' birds ''in the sky''."<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:37-38|niv}}</ref> In Chapter 7 Daniel said, ''The first was like a '''lion''''', ''and it had the wings of an '''eagle''''', ... ''it stood on two feet like a '''human being''''', ''and the '''mind of a human''''' ''was given to it.''<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|7:4|niv}}</ref> The related terms are ''mankind'' with ''human being'', ''beast of the field'' with ''lion'' (king of beasts), and ''bird'' with ''eagle''. The lion therefore denotes the same kingdom as the head of gold of the great image.{{sfn|Smith|1889|p=106}} The parallel is strengthened by another story in the book of Daniel. While bragging about himself, Nebuchadnezzar ''lost his mind'', he ''lived with the wild '''beasts of the field''''', a king among beasts, ''his hair was like '''feathers of an eagle''''', ''his nails were like claws of a '''bird'''''. After a period of time, ''he raised his eyes to heaven and praised the Most High. Immediatly his '''sanity was restored''''', ''his advisers and nobles restored him to the throne''.<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|4:33-36|niv}}</ref> Thus Douchan states that the first beast, the lion, corresponds to the first kingdom of the statue, namely Bablylon.{{sfn|Doukhan|1987|p=18}}

:;Bear
In the text of chapter 7, the second beast, the bear, immediately follows the Lion just as the kingdom of Chest and Arms arises after the Head of the image of chapter 2. The literary placement of both implies that the differing symbols apply to the same kingdom.{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=112}}

:;Leopard
The same concept applies to the placement of the Leopard immediately after the bear in chapter 7 making it number three in the list, while the kingdom of Belly and Thighs is enumerated as the third kingdom of chapter 2. Thus the symbol of the leopard corresponds to that of the Belly and Thighs.{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=112}}
[[File:Horriblebeast.png|thumb|The terrible beast and the "little" horn]]
:;Terrifying beast
The iron legs of the image in chapter 2 are called "a fourth kingdom",<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel 2:40|niv}}</ref> while the corresponding terrifying fourth beast of chapter 7 is the fourth kingdom.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel 7:7|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=112}} The kingdom of the ''iron legs'' will be "strong as iron — for iron breaks and smashes everything — and as iron breaks things to pieces, so it will crush and break all the others."<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel 2:40|niv}}</ref> Similarly, the terrible beast with ''iron teeth'' "will devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it."<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel 7:23|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=112}}

:;Kingdom of God
Both visions end with a final kingdom. In chapter 7 the people of God will receive an everlasting kingdom and posses it forever and ever.<ref>Daniel {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|7:18|niv}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|7:27|niv}}</ref> In chapter 2 the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed, nor will it be left to another people<ref>{{bibleverse||Daniel|2:44|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Smith|1889|pp=64, 147}}

:;Judgement scene - Feet & Toes
Between the Kingdom of God and the fourth kingdom the visions differ. In chapter 2 there is the Kingdom of Feet and Toes.<ref>Daniel {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|2:33|niv}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|2:41-43|niv}}</ref> In chapter 7 there is a scene of heavenly judgement.<ref>Daniel {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|7:9-10|niv}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|7:22|niv}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Daniel|7:26|niv}}</ref> Given their literary placement between last and fourth kingdoms, then the Kingdom of Feet and Toes and the heavenly judgment are contemporaneous.{{sfn|Doukhan|1987|p=22}}

====Kingdoms identified====
Although none of the beasts are directly identified in the chapter, the Lion, through literary comparisons, is identified as the same Babylon of the golden head in chapter 2 (see above). Further, the symbol of a winged lion was "particularly appropriate for Babylon. Representations of lions appear on the walls of the great processional way to the Ishtar Gate as well as the gate itself. They occur also on the outer wall of the throne room in Babylon."{{sfn|Pfandl|2004|p=62}} The wings on the back of the lion gave it the rapidity of flight. This speed was demonstrated in Babylon's early conquests under Nebuchadnezzar. But the situation changed, speed on the battlefield declined and conquests grew scare as the kingdom shrunk under weaker kings -- The wings had been ripped off.{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=113}} "From these symbols we may easily deduce that Babylon was the kingdom of the lion."{{sfn|Smith|1889|p107}}

==== The Judgment====
According to Goldstein a court in heaven is convened that pronounces judgment against the "little horn" and for the "saints."<ref>{{harvnb|Goldstein|2003|pp=60-61}} based on: "This horn had eyes like the eyes of a human being and a mouth that spoke boastfully. As I looked thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat ... The court was seated, and the books were opened. Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was speaking ... until the beast was slain."{{bibleverse|Daniel 7:8-11|niv}} and on "As I watched, this horn was waging war against the holy people and defeating them, until the Ancient of Days came and pronounced judgment in favor of the holy people of the Most High."{{bibleverse|Daniel 7:21-22|niv}}</ref> He says that there is presented in chapter 7 an immovable train of events -- empire after empire after empire followed by judgement -- that leads to the Second Coming. The judgment, a pre-Advent judgement, is as firmly routed as the massive world empires that pave the way toward it.{{sfn|Goldstein|2003|p=58}}

The following table was created to illustrate historicist interpretation of the prophecies found in Daniel 2 and 7 and comparison between them as explained by Uriah Smith and Roy Allan Anderson.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%
|-
! Chapter
! colspan=6|Parallel sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists<ref name="Smith 1944"/><ref name="Anderson 1975"/>
|-
|'''Chapter 2'''
| style="background: #ece992;"|Head Gold (Babylon)
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Chest & two arms Silver
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Belly and thighs Bronze
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Two Legs Iron
| style="background:tan;"|Two Feet with toes Clay & Iron
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|Rock God's ''unending kingdom'' left to no other ''people''
|-
|'''Chapter 7'''
| style="background: #ece992;"|Winged Lion (Babylon)
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Lopsided Bear
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Four headed / Four winged Leopard
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Iron toothed beast w/Little Horn
| style="background:#cc9;"|Judgment scene Beast slain
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|''Son of man'' comes in clouds Gets ''everlasting dominion'' And gives it to ''saints''.
|}

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Interpretations of the kingdoms of Daniel 7 by Biblical expositors from the 1st to 19th centuries
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=8|<big>Prophecy of Beasts in chapter 7
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: AD 100-457<ref name="Froom 1950 456–7"/>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[Josephus]]
|c. 100
|style="background:#cc9;"|Rome = 4th
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Yochanan ben Zakai]]
|1st century
|style="background:#cc9;"|Rome = 4th
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Barnabas]]
|c. 150
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPG]R
|Coming Kgdms.
|3 Uprooted
|"Black one"
|
|
|-
|Second Esdras
|[c. 150]
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Justin Martyr]]
|c. 165
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|(Prophecy
|ends in 2nd
|Advent)
|Very Short
|2nd Advent
|-
|Sibyllines
|3rd century
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Irenaeus]]
|c. 202
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 kgdms.
|3 Supplanted
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|2nd Advent
|-
|[[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]
|d. 238
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|3 Kgdms.
|''Antichrist''
|Literal
|Kgdm. of Saints
|-
|[[Tertullian]]
|c. 240
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|10 Kgdms.
|[Spans period
|between
|Advents]
|Coming Kgdm.
|-
|[[Origen]]
|c. 254
|[Allegorizes
|all Prophecies]
|
|[Filled with
|Enigmas &
|Dark Sayings]
|-
|[[Cyprian]]
|c. 258
|
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus - Type
|
|
|-
|[[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]]
|c. 304
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|3=Alex. 4=Ptol.& Seluc.
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|
|
|-
|[[Victorinus]]
|c. 304
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|10 Divisions
|3 Kgdms.
|''Antichrist''
|
|
|-
|[[First Council of Nicaea]]
|325
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|[After
|Gelasius]
|
|
|At Advent
|-
|[[Lactantius]]
|c. 330
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|10 Kgdms.
|3 Destroyed
|''Antichrist''
|42 months
|Kgdm. Saints
|-
|[[Eusebius of Caesarea]]
|c. 340
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Kgdms
|3 Destroyed
|
|
|At 2nd Advent
|-
|Eusebius [Later Views]
|c. 340
|
|
|
|
|
|Present Church
|-
|[[Aphrahat]]
|c. 350
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|Selucids
|
|
|10.5 years
|At 2nd Adv.
|-
|[[Hilary of Poitiers]]
|368
|
|
|
|
|
|Future
|-
|[[Athanasius]]
|373
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|[10 Kgdms.]
|3 Kgdms.
|''Antichrist''
|
|At 2nd Advent
|-
|[[Ephrem the Syrian]]
|373
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|[BPG]-P&S
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|
|
|-
|[[Cyril of Alexandria]]
|386
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|Divisions
|3 Kgdms.
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|At 2nd Advent
|-
|[[John Chrysostom]]
|407
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|
|
|''Antichrist''
|
|2nd Advent
|-
|[[Jerome]]
|420
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Named
|3 Uprooted
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|Judgment = 2nd Advent
|-
|Polychronius
|430
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|BP-Alex.
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|
|
|-
|[[Isidore of Pelusium]]
|450
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Theodoret]]
|457
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|Contemporary
|3 Subdued
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} years
|At 2nd Adv.
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 894-75">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1950|pp=894-75}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[Augustine]]
|d. 430
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|Kgdms.
|
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|Eternal Kgdm.
|-
|[[Andreas of Caesarea|Andreas]]
|7th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|
|
|[''Antichrist'']
|
|
|-
|[[Teaching of Jacob|Sargis D'Aberga]]
|7th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|False Messiah
|
|Judge All Men
|-
|[[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]]
|d. 604
|
|
|
|''Antichrist''
|
|
|-
|[[Bede|Venerable Bede]]
|d. 735
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPGR]
|
|3 Rulers
|''Antichrist''
|
|
|-
|Berengaud
|9th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPG]R
|Listed
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Eliezer ben Hurcanus]]
|8th-9th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Saadia]]
|d. 942
|BPG-Gog
|10 kings
|
|Cruel King
|
|
|-
|Jephet ibn Ali
|10th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Thrones
|
|Mohammad
|
|
|-
|[[Waldenses]]
|12th century
|style="background:#cc9;"|4th=Roman Church
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Rashi]]
|d. 1105
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Roman Kgdms.
|
|Titus
|=1135 Yrs
|
|-
|[[Abraham ibn Ezra]]
|d. 1167
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPG[R]
|10 Kings
|
|Titus
|
|
|-
|[[Peter Comestor]]
|d. 1178
|style="background:#cc9;"|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|3 Kings
|''Antichrist''
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|
|-
|[[Joachim of Floris]]
|d. 1202
|Jews, Romans Arians, Saracens
|Future Kgdms.
|
|''Antichirst'' Not Antiochus
|
|
|-
|Edward II (Salzburg)
|d. 1246
|style="background:#cc9;"|[BPG]R
|Listed
|Named
|Papacy
|
|
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522–1614 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9">After table in {{harvnb|Froom|1948|pp=528–9}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[Martin Luther]]
|1522
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy, Turkey
|Phocas
|After Division
|-
|[[Johann Oecolampadius]]
|1530
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Philipp Melanchthon]]
|1543
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Mohammadanism
|[hazy]
|P.-Overthrow
|-
|[[Andreas Osiander]]
|1545
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|412-1672 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Georg Joye]]
|1545
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[John Knox]]
|1547
|BPGR
|Fall of Rome
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[John Bale]]
|1550
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Hugh Latimer]]
|1553
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Nicolaus von Amsdorf]]
|1554
|[BPG]R
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Heinrich Bullinger]]
|1557
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[Johann Funck]]
|1558
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Virgil Solis]]
|1560
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|Georg Nigriaus
|1570
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Pope - Turk
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[John Jewel]]
|1562
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|Justinian onward
|
|-
|[[David Chytraeus]]
|1572
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|412-1672 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Nikolaus Selnecker]]
|1579
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Turk
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Cranmer]]
|1582
|[BPG]R
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[John Napier]]
|1593
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[Thomas Brightman]]
|1614
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|Years
|
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Counter-Reformation: 1590–1604 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
|[[Francisco Ribera]]
|1590
|4th = Satan
|
|
|Future Antichrist
|Literal
|
|-
|[[Robert Bellarmine]]
|1593
|
|
|
|Single King
|Literal
|
|-
|[[Blasius Viegas]]
|1601
|
|
|
|
|Literal Future
|
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—Europe: 1600–1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 784–5"/>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[James I of England]]
|1600
|[BPG]R
|Division
|
|Papacy
|1260 years to End
|
|-
|[[George Downham]]
|1603
|[BPGR]
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years (600→)
|
|-
|George Pacard
|1604
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years
|
|-
|[[Hugh Broughton]]
|1607
|BPG-Alex. Succ.
|Kings
|
|Antiochus
|[Literal]
|
|-
|[[Joseph Mede]]
|1631
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[John Tillinghast]]
|1655
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|396-1656 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Henry More]]
|1664
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years
|
|-
|[[William Sherwin (minister)|William Sherwin]]
|1670
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years
|
|-
|[[Thomas Beverley]]
|1684
|[BPGR]
|Kgdms.
|
|Papacy
|437-1697 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Pierre Jurieu]]
|1687
|BPGR
|Kgdms.
|
|Papacy
|454-1714 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Drue Cressener]]
|1689
|[BPG]R
|Kgdms.
|
|Papacy
|Justinian → c. 1800
|
|-
|[[William Lowth]]
|1700
|[BPGR]
|
|
|Papacy
|606-1866 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Johannes Cocceius]]
|1701
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years
|
|-
|[[Robert Fleming, Jr.]]
|1701
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|Justinian → 1794
|
|-
|George Her. Geblehr
|1702
|[BPGR]
|
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[William Whiston]]
|1706
|BPGR
|Kgdms.
|
|Papacy
|606-1866 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|Heinrich Horch
|1712
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|[years]
|
|-
|[[Matthew Henry]]
|1714
|BPGR
|Ten Nations
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|-
|[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
|1727
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|
|-
|[[John Willison]]
|1745
|[BPGR]
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Newton]]
|1754
|BPGR
|Kgdms.
|
|West. Rome
|533 or 606
|
|-
|Johann Ph. Petri
|1768
|[BPGR]
|
|
|Turks
|587-1847 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|Hans Wood
|1787
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|620-1880 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|Christian G. Thube
|1789
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[James Ebenezer Bicheno]]
|1793
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|529-1789 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[David Simpson (priest)|David Simpson]]
|1797
|[BPG]R
|Divisions
|
|Papacy
|538-1798 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|Edward King
|1798
|[BPGR]
|
|
|Papacy
|538-1798 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|[[Richard Valpy]]
|1798
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|538-1798 (1260 yrs)
|
|-
|Jean G. de la Flechere
|1800
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|1260 years
|
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—America: 1600–1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 252–3"/>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[John Cotton (Puritan)]]
|1639
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|395-1655 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Anne Bradstreet]]
|1642
|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]]
|1644
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|years
|
|-
|Ephriam Huit
|1644
|BPGR
|Named
|
|Turks-Popes
|3{{fraction|1|2}} centuries
|
|-
|[[Thomas Parker (minister)|Thomas Parker]]
|1646
|BPGR
|Named
|
|Papacy
|600-1859
|
|-
|[[John Davenport (Puritan)|John Davenport]]
|1653
|BPGR
|
|
|
|Years
|
|-
|[[Edward Holyoke]]
|1658
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|
|600-
|
|-
|Samuel Hutchinson
|1667
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Increase Mather]]
|1669
|BPGR
|Named
|
|Papacy
|456-1716 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Samuel Mather
|1672
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|
|Years
|
|-
|[[Nicholas Noyes]]
|1698
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|years
|
|-
|[[Cotton Mather]]
|1702
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|456-
|
|-
|[[William Burnet (colonial administrator)|William Burnet]]
|1724
|BPGR
|Named
|
|Papacy
|455-1715 [1260 yrs]
|-
|[[Jonathan Edwards (theologian)|Jonathan Edwards]]
|1739
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|455- or 606-
|
|-
|David Imri
|1756
|BPGR
|
|
|
|Years
|
|-
|Ezekiel Cheever
|1757
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Aaron Burr, Sr.]]
|1757
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|Years
|
|-
|[[Isaac Backus]]
|1767
|
|Mentioned
|
|Bishop of Rome
|
|
|-
|[[Samuel Langdon]]
|1774
|[BPGR]
|
|
|
|Years
|
|-
|Samuel Gatchel
|1781
|[BPGR]
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Benjamin Gale
|1788
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|Years
|
|-
|[[Dr. Joshua Lathrop House|Joshua Lathrop]]
|1789
|BPGR
|
|
|
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Samuel Hopkins (1721–1803)|Samuel Hopkins]]
|1793
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Samuel Osgood]]
|1794
|Confused
|Named
|
|Pope
|630-1890 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[William Linn]]
|1794
|BPGR
|Mentioned
|
|Papacy
|553-1813 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|David Austin
|1794
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|500-1760 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Joshua Spalding
|1796
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|Years
|
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the 19th-century Advent Awakening: 1800–1845 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 744–5"/>
|-
!
!
!|4 Beasts
!|10 Horns
!|3 horns
!|Little Horn
!|3{{fraction|1|2}} Times
!|Judgment Kgdm. of God
|-
|[[Manuel Lacunza]]
|1799
|4 Religions
|Mentioned
|
|
|Years
|
|-
|[[William Hales]]
|1803
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|620-1880 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[George Stanley Faber]]
|1804
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Scott (commentator)|Thomas Scott]]
|1805
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Adam Clarke]]
|1810
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|Popedom
|755-2015 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Samuel Toovey
|1813
|BPGR
|Listed
|ExLR
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Captain Maitland]]
|1813
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|William Cuninghame
|1813
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|James H Frere
|1815
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Lewis Way]]
|1818
|BPGR
|Divisions
|
|
|531-1789 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|W. C. Davis
|1818
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|588-1848 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Francis Mason (archdeacon)]]
|1820
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Jonathan Bayford
|1820
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Bishop of Rome
|529-1789 [1260 yrs]
|-
|[[Henry Gauntlett (priest)|Henry Gauntlett]]
|1821
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Joseph Wolff]]
|1822
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|1260 Years
|
|-
|John Fry
|1822
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|537-1797 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Pierre J. Agier
|1823
|BPGR
|10 Kgdms.
|
|Christian Rome
|
|
|-
|Jonathan R. Park
|1825
|BPRG
|
|
|
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Edward Cooper
|1825
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260]
|
|-
|[[S. R. Maitland]]
|1826
|Future
|Not Divisions
|Future
|Future
|Days only
|
|-
|[[Edward Irving]]
|1826
|BPGR
|Papal Eur.
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Edward T. Vaughan
|1828
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|537-1797 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Thomas Keyworth
|1828
|BPGR
|10 Kgdms.
|3 Kgdms.
|Papacy
|606-1866 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Gerald T. Noel
|1828
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|Papacy
|533-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Alexander Keith
|1828
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Alfred Addis
|1829
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|553-1813 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Jonathon Hooper
|1829
|BPGR
|
|
|Pope
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|William W. Pym
|1829
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Henry Drummond (1786–1860)|Henry Drummone]]
|1830
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|William Jones
|1830
|BPGR
|10 Kgdms.
|
|Papacy
|Years
|
|-
|Edward N. Hoare
|1830
|BPGR
|10 Kgdms.
|ExLR
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Samuel Lee (linguist)]]
|1830
|Preterist
|
|
|
|3{{fraction|1|2}} Years
|
|-
|William Anderson
|1830
|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[James Begg]]
|1831
|BPGR
|10 Nations
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|William Digby
|1831
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|J (Amici) Leslie
|1831
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|532-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Joshua William Brooks]]
|1831
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|William Thorp
|1831
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|Nearly Out
|
|-
|John Cox
|1832
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|Joseph d'A. Sirr
|1833
|BPGR
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Matthew Habershon
|1834
|BPGR
|10 Divisions
|
|Papacy
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Bp Dan Wilson
|1836
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|[[Edward Bickersteth (priest)|Edward Bickersteth]]
|1836
|BPGR
|
|
|
|533-1793 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[François Gaussen|François Samuel Robert Louis Gaussen]]
|1837
|BPGR
|Listed
|HOL
|Papacy
|529-1789 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|J. H. Richter
|1839
|
|
|
|Papacy
|587-1847 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna|Elizabeth Charlotte]]
|1840
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|[Years]
|
|-
|[[James Henthorn Todd]]
|1840
|[4th not Rome]
|[not Roman]
|
|[Future]
|[not years]
|
|-
|[[John Henry Newman]]
|1841
|
|
|
|[Future]
|[Days]
|
|-
|[[Thomas Rawson Birks]]
|1843
|BPGR
|Listed
|3 Kgdms.
|Papacy
|
|
|-
|Jonathan Cumming
|1843
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|532-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|[[William Miller (preacher)|William Miller]]
|1843
|BPGR
|10 Nations
|
|Papacy
|538-1798 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|E. B. Elliot
|1844
|BPGR
|Listed
|
|Papacy
|Justinian-1798
|
|-
|[[James Aitkin Wylie|James A. Wylie]]
|1844
|BPGR
|10 Nations
|
|Papacy
|538-1798 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
|Joseph Baylee
|1845
|BPGR
|
|
|Papacy
|532-1792 [1260 yrs]
|
|-
!colspan=8|BPGR=''B''abylon-Media/''P''ersia-''G''reece-''R''ome. [BPGR]=Implies...
|}
|}

===Chapter 8 - The Sanctuary prophecy===

[[File:Dan8parallel.jpg|thumb|Paraphrase of the prophecy of chapter 2 by arranging prophecy phrases parallel to given interpretation.|right]]
====Survey of prophecy====
For a second time during the reign of Belshazzar, Daniel receives a dream. This time he is standing beside the Ulai Canal in the city of Susa.

Before him was standing a ram with two horns, one was longer than the other. It attacked to the North, then west, then south. No animal could stand against it. It did as it pleased and be came great.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:3-4|niv}}</ref>

Then a goat with a single horn came 'flying' across the earth from the west and charged the ram. The ram's horns were broken and it was powerless against the goat. The goat knocked it down and trampled it. No one could rescue the ram from the power of the goat. But the large horn is broken off when it is most powerful and four prominent horns grow up in its place.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:5-8|niv}}</ref>

Another horn appeared and grew in power to the south, east and the Beautiful land. It thought itself as the host of the heavens and threw stars down to earth and stomped on them. He pretended to be the commander of the army of the lord, took away the daily and threw down the sanctuary. It propsered and truth was thrown to the ground.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:9-12|niv}}</ref>

An angel asked, "How long will it take for the vision to be fulfilled?" "It will take 2300 evenings and mornings and then the sanctuary will be cleansed."<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:13-14|niv}}</ref>

====Literary comparison between chapters 8 and 7====
SDA Historicist Scholars point out the following literary parallels between chapters 8 and 7.

:;Ram

The Ram had two horns, one was longer than the other but grew up later.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:3|niv}}</ref> This compares to the Bear of chapter 7 that was raised up on one of its sides.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|7:5|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Smith|1889|p=108}}{{sfn|Shea|2005|p=112}} The Bear had three ribs in its mouth<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|7:5|niv}}</ref> and the Ram charged toward the [1] west and the [2] north and the [3] south.<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:4|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Smith|1889|p=108}} No animal could stand against the Ram or be rescued from its power,<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|8:4|niv}}</ref> while the Bear was told to 'Get up and eat your fill of flesh!’<ref>{{bibleverse|Daniel|7:5|niv}}</ref>{{sfn|Ford|1978|p=185}} The first kingdom of chapter 8 - the Ram - is parallel to the second kingdom of chapter 7 - the Bear - because the last days of Babylon were approaching when Daniel saw the vision.{{sfn|Ford|1978|p=167}}

Most Adventist groups in the Millerite tradition hold similar beliefs about the Great Apostasy as do those of other Restorationist types of Christian faith. Some of these, most notably the Seventh-day Adventist Church, have traditionally held that the apostate church formed when Bishop of Rome began to dominate and brought heathen corruption and allowed pagan idol worship and beliefs to come in, and formed the Roman Catholic Church, which teaches others traditions over Scripture, and to rest from their work on Sunday, instead of [[seventh-day Sabbath|Sabbath]], which is not in keeping with Scripture.
[[File:10kingdoms.png|thumb|The 10 Barbarian kingdoms that divided up the Western Roman Empire.]]
Seventh-day Adventists teach that the [[Papacy|Little Horn Power]] which as predicted rose after the breakup of the Roman Empire is the Papacy. In 533 A.D. Justinian, the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, legally recognized the bishop (pope) of Rome as the head of all the Christian churches. Because of the Arian domination of some of the Roman Empire by the barbarian tribes, this authority could not be exercised by the bishop of Rome. Finally, in 538 A.D., Belisarius, one of Justinian's generals routed the Ostrogoths, the last of the barbarian kingdoms, from the city of Rome and the bishop of Rome could begin establishing his universal civil authority. So, by the military intervention of the Eastern Roman Empire, the bishop of Rome became all-powerful throughout the area of the old Roman Empire.

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Interpretations of the symbols of Daniel 8 by Biblical expositors from the 1st to 19th centuries
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=7|<big>Prophecy of the Ram, Goat, & Horn in Daniel 8
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: 100-457 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 456–7"/>
|-
!
!
!|Ram-Goat
!|Notable Horn
!|4 Horns
!|Exceeding Great Horn
!|2300 Days BC - AD
|-
|
|colspan=6| PGR=Media/'''P'''ersia-'''G'''reece-'''R'''ome. M=Mohammed. [BPGR]=Implies...
|-
|[[Josephus]]
|c. 100
|PG
|[Alexander]
|4 Divisions
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|
|-
|[[Irenaeus]]
|c. 202
|
|
|
|style="background:#cc9;"|Antichrist
|
|-
|[[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]
|d. 238
|PG
|Alexander
|4 Divisions
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|Literal days
|-
|[[Tertullian]]
|c. 240
|
|
|4 Divisions
|
|
|-
|[[Sextus Julius Africanus]]
|c. 240
|PG
|
|
|
|Months
|-
|[[Origen]]
|c. 254
|colspan=3|[All prophecies considered allegories.]
|style="background:#cc9;"|Antichirst
|
|-
|[[Aphrahat]]
|c. 350
|PG
|
|
|Romans
|
|-
|[[Ephrem the Syrian|Ephrem]]
|373
|[PG]
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|
|-
|[[John Chrysostom]]
|347-407
|PG
|Alexander
|4 Divisions
|
|
|-
|[[Jerome]]
|w. 420
|PG
|Alexander
|Successors
|
|Literal days
|-
|Polychronius
|430
|PG
|
|
|
|1150 days
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 894-75"/>
|-
!
!
!|Ram-Goat
!|Notable Horn
!|4 Horns
!|Exceeding Great Horn
!|2300 Days BC - AD
|-
|[[Benjamin Nahawandi]]
|8th-9th centuries
|
|
|
|
|2300 Years
|-
|[[Saadia]]
|d. 942
|
|
|
|
|2300 years / 2
|-
|Hakohen
|10th century
|
|
|
|
|2300 years
|-
|Jephet ibn Ali
|10th century
|
|
|
|Mohammedanism
|Literal
|-
|[[Rashi]]
|d. 1105
|
|
|
|
|Years +
|-
|[[Abraham ibn Ezra]]
|d. 1167
|
|
|
|
|Uncertain
|-
|[[Joachim of Floris]]
|d. 1202
|Alexander
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|d. 1274
|
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus Antichrist
|Literal days
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522-1614 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
!
!
!|Ram-Goat
!|Notable Horn
!|4 Horns
!|Exceeding Great Horn
!|2300 Days BC - AD
|-
|[[Martin Luther]]
|1522
|PG
|
|
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus & Papacy
|Literal days
|-
|[[Johann Oecolampadius]]
|1530
|
|
|
|
|Years
|-
|[[Philipp Melanchthon]]
|1543
|PG
|
|
|Papacy
|Literal days
|-
|Georg Joye
|1545
|PG
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Heinrich Bullinger]]
|1557
|
|
|
|Papacy
|
|-
|[[John Calvin]]
|c. 1560
|PG
|Alexander
|Successors
|style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Antiochus
|Literal days
|-
|[[Nikolaus Selnecker]]
|1579
|PG
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[John Napier]]
|1593
|
|
|
|
|Literal days
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Counter-Reformation: 1590-1604 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
|[[Francisco Ribera]]
|1590
|
|
|
|
|Literal days
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—Europe: 1600-1800 AD<ref>After table

in {{harvnb|Froom|1948|pp=784–5}}</ref>
|-
!
!
!|Ram-Goat
!|Notable Horn
!|4 Horns
!|Exceeding Great Horn
!|2300 Days BC - AD
|-
|[[George Downham]]
|1603
|
|
|
|Papacy
|1150 Years
|
|-
|[[John Tillinghast]]
|1655
|
|
|
|
|Cyrus - 1710
|-
|[[William Sherwin (minister)|William Sherwin]]
|1670
|
|
|
|
|? - 1700
|-
|Thomas Beverly
|1684
|[2300 Years
|to Sanctuary]
|
|
|Period to the End
|-
|Johannes Cocceius
|1701
|
|
|
|
|Literal days
|-
|George Her. Geblehr
|1702
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1760
|-
|[[William Whiston]]
|1706
|
|
|
|
|[522 - 1716]
|-
|Heinrich Horch
|1712
|PG
|
|
|
|Cyrus to the End
|-
|[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
|1727
|PG
|
|
|Rome
|2300 Years
|-
|[[Thomas Newton]]
|1754
|PG
|
|
|Rome
|Years
|-
|Johann Ph. Petri
|1768
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|[[James Purves (minister)|James Purves]]
|1777
|PG
|
|
|
|534 - 1766
|-
|Hans Wood
|1787
|
|
|
|
|480 - 1880
|-
|[[James Ebenezer Bicheno]]
|1793
|
|
|
|
|481 - 1819
|-
|Edward King
|1798
|PG
|
|
|
|538 - 1762
|-
|[[Richard Valpy]]
|1798
|PG
|
|
|
|
|-
|Jean G. de la Flechere
|1800
|PG
|
|
|Papacy
|550 - 1750
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the 19th Century Advent Awakening: 1800-1845 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 744–5"/>
|-
!
!
!|Ram-Goat
!|Notable Horn
!|4 Horns
!|Exceeding Great Horn
!|2300 Days BC - AD
|-
|[[William Hales]]
|1803
|
|
|
|
|420 - 1880
|-
|[[George Stanley Faber]]
|1804
|PGM
|
|
|
|? - 1866
|-
|[[Thomas Scott (commentator)|Thomas Scott]]
|1805
|PG
|
|
|
|Years Are closing
|-
|[[Adam Clarke]]
|1810
|
|
|
|
|334 - 1966
|-
|[[Captain Maitland]]
|1813
|PGR
|
|
|
|515 -
|
|-
|William Cuninghame
|1813
|PGR
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|James H Frere
|1815
|PGM
|
|
|
|553 - 1847
|-
|[[Lewis Way]]
|1818
|
|
|
|
|509 - 1791
|-
|W. C. Davis
|1818
|
|
|
|
|509 - 1791
|-
|[[Francis Mason (archdeacon)]]
|1820
|
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|Jonathan Bayford
|1820
|PGM
|
|
|
|481 - 1819
|-
|[[Joseph Wolff]]
|1822
|PGR
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|John Fry
|1822
|PGM
|
|
|
|457 - 1844
|-
|Edward Cooper
|1825
|PGM
|
|
|
|Years
|-
|[[S. R. Maitland]]
|1826
|Not Mohammed
|
|
|
|Literal days
|-
|[[Edward Irving]]
|1826
|PGR
|
|
|
|533 - 1847
|-
|Edward T. Vaughan
|1828
|PGM
|
|
|
|? - 1843
|-
|Thomas Keyworth
|1828
|PGM
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|Alexander Keith
|1828
|PGM
|
|
|
|480 - 1820
|-
|Alfred Addis
|1829
|PG
|
|
|
|457 - 1843/4
|-
|Jonathon Hooper
|1829
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|William W. Pym
|1829
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|[[Henry Drummond (1786–1860)|Henry Drummond]]
|1830
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|Edward N. Hoare
|1830
|PGM
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|William Anderson
|1830
|
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|William Digby
|1831
|
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|Joshua W. Brooks
|1831
|PGM
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|John Cox
|1832
|PGM
|
|
|
|
|-
|Matthew Habershon
|1834
|PGM
|
|
|
|457 - 1843/4
|-
|Bp Dan Wilson
|1836
|PGR
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|[[Edward Bickersteth (priest)|Edward Bickersteth]]
|1836
|
|
|
|
|457 - 1844
|-
|[[François Gaussen|François Samuel Robert Louis Gaussen]]
|1837
|PGM
|
|
|
|Years
|-
|J. H. Richter
|1839
|
|
|
|
|453 - 1847
|-
|[[Thomas Rawson Birks]]
|1843
|PGR
|
|
|
|457 - 1843
|-
|Jonathan Cumming
|1843
|PGR
|
|
|
|481 - 1821
|-
|E. B. Elliot
|1844
|PGM
|
|
|
|480 - 1820
|}
|}

===Chapter 9 - The 70 weeks of years===

====Literary structure====
Daniel 9 consists of an introduction (verses 1-3), a prayer (commonly called the Prayer of Daniel, verses 4-19), and an angelic discourse explaining verses 25:11-12 and 29:10 from the [[Book of Jeremiah]] (verses 20-27):{{sfn|Knibb|2006|p=435}}
*Introduction, verses 1-3: the vision is set in "the first year of Darius son of Xerxes, a Mede by descent, who had been appointed king over Babylon;" its subject is "the word of the Lord given to Jeremiah the prophet, that the desolation of Jerusalem would last seventy years."
*Prayer of Daniel, verses 4-19: Daniel prays to God admitting the sins of Israel and the justice of God's punishment (i.e., the destruction of Jerusalem and its temple and the exile of the Jews in Babylon); he reminds God of his past salvation of Israel from Egypt, and asks him to forgive Israel's sins and restore the city and the temple.
*Angelic discourse (verses 20-27): The angel [[Gabriel]] tells Daniel of Seventy 'sevens' to come for his people.

William H. Shea notes that verses 25-27 forms a [[chiastic structure|chiasm]] placing the death of the "anointed one" at its centre.{{sfn|Holbrook|1986|p=110}}

:'''A.''' '''Jerusalem Construction:''' Know therefore and discern, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem ''Daniel 9:25a'' (ASV)
:::'''B.''' '''Anointed one:''' unto the anointed one, the prince, shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: ''Daniel 9:25b''
:::::'''C.''' '''Jerusalem Construction:''' it shall be built again, with street and moat, even in troublous times. ''Daniel 9:25c''
:::::::'''D.''' '''Anointed one:''' And after the threescore and two weeks shall the anointed one be cut off, and shall have nothing: ''Daniel 9:26a''
:::::'''C'.''' '''Jerusalem Destroyed:''' and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and even unto the end shall be war; desolations are determined. ''Daniel 9:26b''
:::'''B'.''' '''Anointed one:''' And he shall make a firm covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease; ''Daniel 9:27a''
:'''A'.''' '''Jerusalem Destroyed:''' and upon the wing of abominations shall come one that maketh desolate; and even unto the full end, and that determined, shall wrath be poured out upon the desolate. ''Daniel 9:27b''

Seventh-day Adventists identify the beginning of the seventy weeks of years, and the departure of the "word" in v. 25a, with the decree given to Ezra in the seventh year of [[Artaxerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes I]],{{sfn|Doukhan|1979|p=15}}{{sfn|Shea|1991}} which is dated on this view to 457 BCE.{{sfn|Rodriguez|1994}} The appearance of an "anointed ruler" at the end of the sixty-nine weeks of years in v. 25a refers to the [[baptism of Jesus]] in 27 CE, and the "[...] off" of the "anointed one" in v. 26a is then understood to refer to the [[crucifixion of Jesus]] three and a half years later—bringing an atonement for iniquity and "everlasting righteousness." In this way, Jesus "confirms" the "covenant" mentioned in v. 27a between God and humanity via his death on the cross in the Spring of 31 CE, which is also the midpoint of the last week of years. At the moment of Jesus′s death, the curtain between the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place in the temple was ripped from top to bottom, marking the end of the sacrificial system. The final week of years then ends in 34 CE when the gospel was redirected from the Jewish people to all peoples.

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="background:#fff; width:100%"
! The beginning and ending dates of the 70 weeks according to Seventh-day Adventist interpretation
|-
|
{{wide image|Ezrachonology.jpg|800px|'''Beginning of the ''70 Weeks'':''' King's reigns were counted from New Year to New Year following an 'Accession Year'. The Persian New Year began in Nisan (March–April). The Jewish civil New Year began in Tishri (September–October)}}
{{wide image|TwentySevenAD.jpg|800px|'''Ending of the ''70 Weeks'':''' [[Tiberius Caesar]] began ruling in the Fall of 13 CE. So,his 15th year began in the Fall of 27, the year of the baptism of Jesus. This is ''69 weeks'' (i.e. 483 years) after 457 BCE.}}
{{wide image|2300days.jpg |800px|'''The 2300 days:''' }}
|}

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="background:#fff; width:100%"
! List of Historicist Biblical Expositors on the 70 weeks from the 3rd to 19th centuries
|-
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
! colspan=5|List of Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: 100-457 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 456–7"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|[[Tertullian]]
|c. 240
|From Persia
|To Christ
|70th week
|-
|[[Clement of Alexandria]]
|c. 220
|To Advent
|
|During
|-
|[[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]
|d. 236
|490 yrs
|Separated
|
|-
|[[Sextus Julius Africanus]]
|c. 240
|490 yrs
|To Christ
|
|-
|[[Eusebius Pamphili]]
|c. 340
|490 yrs
|To Christ
|Midst
|-
|[[Athanasius]]
|373
|To Cross
|
|
|-
|[[Cyril of Jerusalem]]
|386
|Wks. of Yrs.
|
|
|-
|[[Polychronis]]
|430
|490 yrs
|7 yrs
|midst
|-
|[[Jerome]]
|420
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Theodoret]]
|457
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 894–5"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|[[Augustine]]
|d. 430
|to Cross
|
|
|-
|[[Teaching of Jacob|Sargis d'Aberga]]
|7th century
|69 wks to Christ
|
|
|-
|[[Venerable Bede]]
|d. 735
|457 solar yrs
|Bap. midst
|at end
|-
|[[Saadia]]
|d. 942
|490 yrs from exile
|
|
|-
|Jehoram
|10th century
|Years
|
|
|-
|[[Yefet ben Ali]]
|10th century
|Sabbatical Yrs to Titus
|
|
|-
|[[Rashi]]
|d. 1105
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Abraham bar Hiyya]]
|d. 1136
|Wks of Sabbatical yrs.
|
|
|-
|[[Abraham ibn Ezra]]
|d. 1167
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|d. 1274
|475 Solar yrs
|
|At End
|-
|[[Arnold of Villanova]]
|1292
|Yrs to Christ
|Fall of Jerusalem
|
|-
|Pierre Jen d'Olivi
|d. 1298
|Wks. of Yrs.
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522-1614 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|[[Martin Luther]]
|1522
|Yrs. (2d Darius)
|34-41 AD
|Begin
|-
|[[Philipp Melanchthon]]
|1543
|Yrs. (2dn Artax.)
|
|Midst
|-
|[[Johann Funck]]
|1558
|457 BC - 34 AD
| to 34
|End
|-
|[[Nikolaus Selnecker]]
|1579
|Yrs. (2d Artax)
|
|
|-
|Georg Nigrinus
|1570
|456 BC - 34 AD
|
|End
|-
|[[Johann Oecolampadius]]
|1530
|Years
|Long Period
|
|-
|[[Heinrich Bullinger]]
|1557
|457 BC to 34 AD
| to 34 AD
|End
|-
|[[George Joye]]
|1545
|Cyrus, yrs
|
|
|-
|[[John Napier]]
|1593
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—Europe: 1600-1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 784–5"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|[[Joseph Mede]]
|1631
|417 BC - 74 AD
|
|(33) AD
|-
|[[Henry More]]
|1664
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[John Tillinghast]]
|1655
|Ends 34 AD
|
|34 AD
|-
|[[William Sherwin (minister)|William Sherwin]]
|1670
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|Thomas Beverly
|1684
|Yrs to Christ
|
|
|-
|[[Johannes Cocceius]]
|1701
|490 yrs.
|
|(33) AD
|-
|[[Robert Fleming the younger|Robert Fleming Jr.]]
|1701
|490 yrs.
|
|
|-
|[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
|1727
|457 BC - 34 AD
|
|34 AD
|-
|[[William Lowth]]
|1700
|Years
|
|
|-
|[[William Whiston]]
|1706
|445 BC - 32+ AD
|
|33 AD
|-
|Heinrich Horch
|1712
|490 yrs
|
|Midst
|-
|Berienberg Bible
|1743
|Yrs. to Christ
|
|Midst
|-
|Johann Al Bengal
|1740
|Yrs to Christ
|
|Midst
|-
|Johann Ph. Petri
|1768
|453 BC to 37 AD
|
|Midst
|-
|Hans Wood
|1787
|420 BC - 70 AD
|
|
|-
|Christian G. Thube
|1789
| - 37 AD
|
|30 AD
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—America: 1600-1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 252–3"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|Eph. Huit
|1644
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Thomas Parker (minister)|Thomas Parker]]
|1646
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[John Davenport (minister)|John Davenport]]
|1653
|Yrs to Christ
|
|
|-
|[[William Burnet (colonial administrator)|William Burnet]]
|1724
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Joseph Bellamy]]
|1758
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Aaron Burr]]
|1757
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Samuel Langdon]]
|1774
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|Samuel Gatchet
|1781
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|[[Samuel Osgood]]
|1794
|490 (Art.)
|
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical expositors of the 19th-century Advent Awakening: 1800-1845 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 744–5"/>
|-
!|Name
!|Date
!|70 Weeks
!|Last Week
!|Cross
|-
|[[William Hales]]
|1803
|
|27/31/34 AD
|
|-
|[[George Stanley Faber]]
|1804
|458 BC -
|
|
|-
|Thomas Scott
|1805
|7th yr of Artax.
|
|
|-
|[[Adam Clarke]]
|1810
|7th yr of Artax.
|
|
|-
|W. C. Davis
|1818
|453 BC - 37 AD
|
|
|-
|Arch. Mason
|1820
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Jno A. Brown
|1823
|457 BC - 34 AD
|
|
|-
|Jno. Bayford
|1820
|Years
|
|
|-
|[[Lewis Way]]
|1818
|Years
|
|
|-
|[[Henry Drummond (1786–1860)|Henry Drummond]]
|1830
|To 1st Advent
|
|
|-
|John Fry
|1822
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Thomas White
|1828
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Edward Cooper
|1825
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Thomas Keyworth
|1828
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|[[Alfred Addis]]
|1829
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Jno. Hooper
|1829
|490 yrs
|
|
|-
|William W. Pym
|1829
|453 BC - 37 AD
|
|
|-
|Edward N. Hoare
|1830
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|William Digby
|1831
|457 Bc - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|Bp Dave Wilson
|1836
|453 BC - 37 AD
|
|
|-
|[[Alexander Keith (minister)|Alex Keith]]
|1828
|7th of Artax
|
|Cross
|-
|John Cog
|1832
|Years
|
|
|-
|[[Matthew Habershon]]
|1834
|457 BC - 33 AD
|
|
|-
|[[Edward Bickersteth (priest)|Ed Bickersteih]]
|1836
|457 BC - 34 AD
|
|
|-
|[[Louis Gaussen]]
|1837
|457 BC - 34 AD
|
|
|}
|}

===Chapter 11 & 12 - Kings of North and South===
[[File:March of Time.png|thumb|The Course of Empires]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Chapter
! colspan=6|Parallel sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists<ref>Smith, U., 1944, ''Daniel and Revelation'', Southern Publishing Association, Nashville, TN</ref><ref>Anderson, A., 1975, Pacific Press Pub. Assoc., ''Unfolding Daniel's Prophecies,'' Mountain View, CA</ref>
|-
|Chapter 2
| style="background: #ece992;"|Head Gold (Babylon)
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Chest & two arms Silver
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Belly and thighs Bronze
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Two Legs Iron
| style="background:tan;"|Two Feet with toes Clay & Iron
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|Rock God's ''unending kingdom'' left to no other ''people''
|-
|Chapter 7
| style="background: #ece992;"|Winged Lion (Babylon)
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Lopsided Bear
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Four Headed / Four Winged Leopard
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Iron toothed beast w/Little Horn
| style="background:#cc9;"|Judgment scene Beast slain
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|A ''son of man'' comes in clouds ''Everlasting dominion'' given to the ''saints''.
|-
|Chapter 8
|
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Two-horned Ram (Media-Persia)
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|Uni- / Four-horned Goat Four Winds (Greece)
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|Little Horn A Master of Intrigue
| style="background:#cc9;"|Cleansing of Sanctuary Leads to: ----->
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|''(Kingdom of God)''
|-
|Chapters 11-12
|
| style="background: #f7f6f6;"|Kings (Persia)
| style="background: #ffee7a;"|North & South Kings Four Winds (Greece)
| style="background: #e2e2e0;"|King of the North A Contemptible Person of Intrigue ''Pagan & Papal Rome''
| style="background:tan;"|North & South Kings End Times ''Global religio- political Government''
| style="background: #cdfcfd;"|[[Seventh-day_Adventist_theology#Christ and the Archangel Michael|''Michael'']] stands up Many ''dead'' awake To ''everlasting life''
|}

The following tables compare, phrase by phrase, the text of Chapter 11 with history as understood by SDA historicists.

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Comparison of Biblical text with history: Verses 2 - 4: Persia and Alexander the Great
|-
|2. "''And now, truth to be told.'' 
''Look, Three more kings to be appointed in Persia,'''
:Following Cyrus was:
:1. [[Cambyses II]], (530-522 BC)
:2. [[Gaumata|False Smerdis the Userper]], (522 BC)
:3. [[Darius I|Darius the Great]], (September 522 to October 486 BC)
''And then a fourth, who will be far richer than all the others.'' 
:4. [[Xerxes I]]{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=96}} (486-465 BC) was richer than his predecessors.<ref name="livius">[http://www.livius.org/da-dd/daniel/11_comm.html Daniel 11 in Context]</ref>
''When he has gained power by his wealth, he will stir up everyone against the kingdom of Greece.''
:Xerxes gathered a great army from his vast domains and waged war with Greece in 480 BC. He won at [[Battle of Thermopylae|Thermopylae]] and then sacked Athens, but suffered a disastrous defeat during the naval campaign at [[Battle of Salamis|Salamis]]. The next year, 479 BC, the Greeks drove the Persians out of Greece forever at the battle of [[Battle of Plataea|Plataea]].{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=96}}
3 "''Then a mighty king will arise, who will rule with great power''
:[[Alexander the Great]] (336–323 BC) was the mighty king<ref name="livius"/> or literally, ''a warrior king'', by which he gained his fabulous power to rule.{{sfn|Stefanovic|2007|pp=398-399}}
''and do as he pleases.''
:His hearts desire was to launch an all-out invasion of the Greek arch rival Persia which he did in 334 BC.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=98}}
4 "''After he has arisen,''
:Or, "While he was yet rising"... he died.{{sfn|Stefanovic|2007|p=399}}
''his empire will be broken up''
:His unexpected death at 33 in 323 BC caused the vast empire to experience several years of political instability because he never arranged for a successor. The power vacuum produced a considerable amount of internal conflict for control between his immediate family, the Macedonian nobility, and several generals.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=99}}
''and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven.''
:[[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus the One-Eyed]] tried to bring the empire under his control, but at the famous [[battle of Ipsus]] (301 B.C.), [[Cassander]], [[Lysimachus]], [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus]] and [[Ptolemy I Soter|Ptolemy]] defeated him. Cassander claimed Greece and Macedonia. Lysimachus ruled Thrace and Asia Minor. Selucus had Northern Syria, Mesopotamia and eastern territories. Ptolemy took Southern Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=99}}
''It will not go to his descendants,''
:Alexander's mentally challenged half brother [[Philip III of Macedon|Arrhidaeus]] was to be crowned Philip III, but [[Olympias]], Alexander's mother, murdered him in 317 BC. [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]], Alxander's son by [[Roxana|Roxanne]], was murdered by Cassander in 310 BC.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=99,100}}
''nor will it have the power he exercised,''
:By 276 BC, Alexander's vast empire was down to 3 warring segments, Antigonid Macedonia, Seleucid Syria, and Ptolemaic Egypt.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=101}}
''because his empire will be uprooted and given to others.''
:Neither the founder nor his children could hold on to the power and riches.{{sfn|Stefanovic|2007|p=399}}
|}
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Comparison of Biblical text with history: Verses 5 - 15; Kings of North and South
|-
|5. "''The king of the South will become strong,''
:[[Ptolemy I Soter]] (323–283 BC) [S] chose Egypt because of its isolation from potential hostilities and because it possess excellent natural defenses. After easily consolidating his rule he was able to build his power.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=104}}
''but one of his commanders''
:In 316 BC, Ptolemy I Soter [S] offered asylum<ref name="livius"/> to [[Seleucus I Nicator]] (306–281 BC) [N] when he was chased out of Babylon by [[Demetrius I of Macedon|Demetrius]], giving him a commission as commander of the Egyptian naval forces.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=105}}
''will become even stronger than he and will rule his own kingdom with great power.''
:In 312 BC, Ptolemy and Seleucus defeated Demetrius at Gaza, which allowed Seleucus to return to Babylon.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=105}} Then in 281 BC, Seleucus defeated [[Lysimachus]] in the [[Battle of Corupedium]],{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=105}} winning him the whole of Alexander's conquests but for Egypt.{{sfn|Grainger|1997 |pp= 55–56}}
6 ''"after some years,''
:[[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] (283-246 BC) [S] started the "[[Syrian Wars#First Syrian War (274–271 BC)|First Syrian War]]" (276-271 BC) with a first-strike attack on [[Antiochus I Soter]] (281–261 BC) [N] to prevent revenge for his father's [...] by Ptolemy's brother.
:Then [[Antiochus II Theos]] (261-246 BC) [N] launched the "[[Syrian Wars#Second Syrian War (260–253 BC)|Second Syrian War]]" (261-252 BC) to recover lost territories.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=106}}
''they will become allies.''
:Tiring of war the two kings sued for peace in 252 BC.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=106}}
''The daughter of the king of the South will go to the king of the North to make an alliance,''
:In 252 BC, Ptolemy II [S] offered his daughter [[Berenice (Seleucid queen)|Berenice]] in marriage to Antiochus II [N], who divorced his wife [[Laodice I|Laodice]] and exiled her and her two sons.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=106}}
''but she will not retain her power, and he and his power will not last. In those days she will be betrayed, together with her royal escort, her child and the one who supported her.''
:On January 28 246 BC, Ptolemy II [S] died, and was succeeded by [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]] (246–222 BC) [S]. Antiochus II [N] then betrayed Berenice and returned to Laodice. He named his first son with Laodice, [[Seleucus II Callinicus]] (246-225 BC) [N] as his successor to the throne.
:In July 246 BC, Laodice poisoned Antiochus II and murdered Berenice and her son later that summer.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=107}}<ref>Bromiley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A-D p.144</ref>
7 ''One from her family line shall arise in his place, he will fight against them and be victorious.''
:In 246 BC, Ptolemy III [S], hearing that his sister Berenice was threatened by Laodice, marched against Syria. But he arrived too late, so he proceeded to invade Syria (known as [[Syrian Wars#Third Syrian War (246–241 BC)|The Third Syrian]] or Laodicean War (246-240 BC)) He might have completed a total conquest had it not been for a homeland rebellion.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=107}}
8 ''He will also seize their gods, their metal images and their valuable articles of silver and gold and carry them off to Egypt.''
:Ptolemy III also captured Antioch and Babylon and brought back with him Egyptian idols and gods that the Persian has stolen many years before.<ref name="livius"/>{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=108}}
''and he shall continue more years than the king of the North.''
:Ptolemy III [S] died in 221 BC, five years after Seleucus II [N], who died in 226 BC.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=108}}
9 ''Then the king of the North will invade the realm of the king of the South but will retreat to his own country.''
:As Ptolemy III [S] retreated back to Egypt, Seleucus II [N] regained most of his territory, yet failed to win Coele Syria (Palestine) in a disastrous defeat. Thus, in 240 BC, the Third Syrian War came to an end.<ref name="livius"/>{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=108}}
10 ''His sons will prepare for war and assemble a great army, which will sweep on like an irresistible flood and carry the battle as far as his fortress.''
:After short-tempered [[Seleucus III Ceraunus|Selecus III Ceraunus Sotor]] (225–223 BC) [N] was poisoned by his military officers, his brother [[Antiochus III the Great|Antiochus III Magnus]] (222–187 BC) [N] continued to assemble a great army. He launched the [[Syrian Wars#Fourth Syrian War (219–217 BC)|Fourth Syrian War]] in 219 BC and was so successful that he recaptured Coele Syria, neutralized the Egyptian Navy and demoralized the army.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=109}}
11 ''Then the king of the South will march out in a rage and fight against the king of the North, and he shall send out a great multitude, ''
: But Antiochus III Magnus [N] became distracted by troubles in Babylon and failed to capitalize on his success. This gave [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] (221–204 BC) [S] enough time to regroup with an army greater than Antiochus III. They met at Raphia south of Gaza in 217 BC.<ref name="livius"/>{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=109}}
''and the multitude shall be given into his hand. 12 The army will be carried off and the king of the South will be filled with pride and will slaughter many thousands, but he shall not prevail. ''
:After the cavalry on both sides neutralized each other, the infantry decided the outcome. Ptolemy IV [S] won the day, but rather than invade Syria and make great gains, he was content with just retaking Coele Syria and then returned home, ending the war.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=110}}
13 ''The king of the north shall return, and shall send out a multitude greater than the former; and after several years, he will advance with a huge army fully equipped.''
:From 212 to 204 Antiochus III [N] regrouped his military in preparation for another war against Egypt. By starting the "[[Syrian Wars#Fifth Syrian War (202–195 BC)|Fifth Syrian War]]" (202-195 BC) through an invasion of southern Syria, the seizure of Gaza and occupation of Palestine, Antiochus III desired to pulverize the 5 year old [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]] (204–181 BC) [S] with an invasion of Egypt. But after the [[Battle of Panium]] in 200 BC, Roman emissaries demanded that Antiochus III refrain from invading Egypt and disrupting the export of grain from Egypt to Italy. Declaring he had never planned to invade Egypt anyway, Antiochus III acceded to their demands.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=110-111}}
14 "''In those times many will rise against the king of the South.''
:The death of Ptolemy IV [S] in 204 BC was followed by a bloody conflict over the regency since his heir, Ptolemy V [S], was just a child. The conflict began with the [...] of the dead king's wife [[Arsinoe III of Egypt|Arsinoë]] by the ministers [[Agathocles of Egypt|Agothocles]] and [[Sosibius]]. Agothocles held the regency until he was lynched by the volatile Alexandrian mob. The regency was passed from one adviser to another, and the kingdom was in a state of near anarchy. After the Fifth Syrian War in 195 BC, Antiochus III [N] gave [[Cleopatra I Syra|Cleopatra Sotor]] as wife to Ptolemy V [S].
:[[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] (175-164 BC) [N] invaded Egypt unopposed twice, sometimes called the "[[Syrian Wars#Sixth Syrian War (170–168 BC)|Sixth Syrian War]]," beginning in 170 BC. But while in Alexandria in 168 BC, Roman emissary Gaius Popillius Laenas took his staff and drew a circle on the ground around the feet of Antiochus IV ordering him to evacuate Egypt at once. He was not allowed to step outside the circle until he had acquiesced to Rome's demands. Antiochus IV withdrew under escort of the Roman Ambassadors out of Egypt.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=111-112}}
''And the tyrant over your people will exalt himself in fulfillment of the vision, but he shall fall. 15 So the king of the North shall come and build a siege mound, and take a fortified city; The forces of the South will be powerless to resist; neither the chosen people, neither shall there be any strength to stand.''
:Utterly humiliated by Rome, Antiochus IV became infuriated when he heard that Jerusalem had sided with Ptolemy. In desperate need of funds, he exacted revenge by stripping the sanctuary of all is treasures and plundering the resources of the city and murdering thousand and selling into slavery thousands more (168-167 BC). He passed an edict to ban Judaism and enforce Hellenism by erecting pagan altars and instituting pagan sacrifices in the process. He desired to totally eradicated the Jewish culture and religion. But his plans eventually backfired by provoking a Jewish revolt under the leadership of Judas Maccabaeus that resulted in the complete removal of the Seleucid power (141 BC).{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=112-113}}
|}
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Comparison of Biblical text with history: Verses 16 - 24; King of the North
|-
|16 ''But he who comes against him shall do according to his own will, and no one shall stand against him.''
:In 66 BC [[Antiochus XIII Asiaticus]] (69-64 BC) [N] requested help from Rome in establishing his rule over Syria, instead [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]], Pompey, decided to end the Seleucid dynasty and turn Syria into a Roman province (66-63 BC) Thus Rome became the King of the North.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=112}}
''He shall stand in the Glorious Land and will have the power to destroy it.''
:Jewish High Priests [[Hyrcanus II]] and [[Aristobulus II]] were engaged in a struggle for the throne over Judea. They both appealed to Pompey for support. While Pompey postponed a decision, Aristobulus made plans to war with Rome. When Pompey moved to deal with him, Aristobulus attempted to make peace. But Aristobulus again rebelled while in Jerusalam, and again Pompey moved to deal with him. Again Aristobulus sued for peace, but his supporters spurned Pompey's commander. So, with Hyrcanus's help getting into Jerusalem, Pompey captured the temple where Aristobulus and his followers had fled (63 BC). While Pompey didn't destroy the temple, he slaughtered 12,000 Jewish rebels, flattened the city walls and put Hyrcanus in as High Priest.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=117-118}}
17 ''He shall set his face to come with the strength of his whole kingdom,''
:In 48 BC, [[Julius Caesar]] made landfall in Egypt shortly after Pompey, who was fleeing from him after the [[Battle of Pharsalus]], was assassinated by Egyptians authorities. Caesar was faced with the great prospect of bringing the last remaining Hellenistic kingdom under Roman control and thus becoming the King of the South also.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=120}}
''and with him equitable conditions; and he shall perform them: And he shall give him the daughter of women, then corrupt her;''
:After taking up residence in the royal palace at Alexandria, Caesar reconciled [[Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator]] [S] with his wife [[Cleopatra]] making them joint rulers. But Caesar made Cleopatra his mistress (corrupting her) as a show of power.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=120}}
''And she shall not stand with him, or be for him.''
:Later, Cleopatra was in Rome when Caesar was assassinated. She did nothing or could do nothing to stop the [...].{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=121}}
18 ''Then he will turn his attention to the coastlands and will take many of them,''
:Meanwhile, Caesar turned his attention to destroying forces that had supported Pompey in lands surrounding the Mediterranean. He won at the [[Battle of Zela]] (47 BC), in modern Turkey, the [[Battle of Thapsus]] (46 BC) in modern Tunisa and the [[Battle of Munda]] (46 BC) in Spain.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=120}}
''but a prince for his own behalf shall cause the reproach offered by him to cease; without his own reproach he shall cause it to turn upon him.''
:While serving as Tribune during Caesar's absence (49 BC), [[Marcus Antonius]] vetoed a decree that Caesar was to either disband his troupes and return to Rome as a private citizen or be declared an outlaw. The senate illegally suspended Marc Antony's tribunal power and took legal action against him. Caesar's reproach fell on Antony. But he caused this reproach to cease by hunting down Caesar's assassins (42 BC).{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=121}}
19 ''After this, he will turn back toward the refuge of his own country but will stumble and fall, to be seen no more.''
:While back is Rome, preparing for the next conquests, a crowd of senators fatally stabbed Caesar in Pompey's Theatre on March 15, 44 BC.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=121}}
20 ''His successor will send out a tax collector to maintain the royal splendor. After many years, however, he will be destroyed, yet not in anger or in battle.''
:Gaius Octavian ([[Caesar Augustus]]) succeeded Julius Caesar. He set up a taxation system that greatly benefited Rome. He died at the age of 75 in bed. (14 AD){{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=122}}
21 ''He will be succeeded by a contemptible person who has not been given the honor of royalty.''
:Successor to Augustus, [[Tiberius|Tiberius Julius Caesar]] was not born of royalty, but rather of a nobel Patrician. His mother married Augustus, thus making Tiberius a step son. Being one of several possible heirs, Tiberius drew the contempt of Augustus by retiring from civic duty (6 BC). And he was disliked by, and disliked in return, the senate and the people in general.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=123-124}}
''but he shall come in peaceably, and shall obtain the kingdom by flatteries.''
:He ascended to emperor-ship peacefully in a natural succession following the death of Augustus (14 BC) and by receiving a fabricated and artificial flattery from the Roman senate.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=123-124}}
22 ''With the force of a flood they shall be swept away from before him and be broken,''
:Many hundreds of people were swiftly executed because of Tiberius' irrational fear of conspiracies.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|pp=123-124}}
''yes, also the prince of the covenant.''
:[[Jesus]] was born in [[Bethlehem]] because of the taxes of Augustus. (Luke 2:1-5) [[John the Baptist]] and Jesus both began their ministry in 27 AD which was the 15th year of Tiberius. (John 3:1, 21) Jesus was accused of sedition against Tiberius Caesar (Luke 23:2, John 19:12-15) and was accordingly swiftly executed by [[Pontius Pilate]] in 31 AD.{{sfn|Swearingen|2006|p=126}}
23 ''After he has joined himself with them he shall act deceitfully.''
:[[Caligula]] became emperor after the death of Tioberius Caeser. For the first 7 months, Caligula was described as the first emperor who was admired by everyone in "all the world, from the rising to the setting sun."<ref name="philo-gaius-2-10">Philo of Alexandria, ''On the Embassy to Gaius'' [[s:On the Embassy to Gaius#II|II.10]].</ref> Caligula was loved by many for being the beloved son of the popular [[Germanicus]],<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html The Lives of Twelve Caesars]'', Life of Caligula</ref> and because he was not [[Tiberius]].<ref>Suetonius, ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'', Life of Tiberius [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Tiberius*.html#75 75].</ref> To gain support, he granted bonuses to those in the military including the [[Praetorian Guard]], city troops and the army outside Italy.<ref name="cassius-history-59-1">Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#1 LIX.1].</ref> He destroyed Tiberius's treason papers, declared that [[treason]] trials were a thing of the past, and recalled those who had been sent into exile.<ref>Suetonius, ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'', Life of Caligula [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#15 15].</ref> But, in October 37 AD, Caligula fell seriously ill, or was poisoned. He recovered from his illness, but the young emperor had changed. He became diabolical, full of cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and [...] perversity. He was as an insane tyrant.
''But another will stand in his place and with only a few people he will rise to power.''
:In early AD 41, Caligula was assassinated by officers of the [[Praetorian Guard]], senators, and courtiers. A Praetorian named [[Gratus]] found [[Claudius]] hiding behind a curtain and declared him [[princeps]]. He was spirited away to the Praetorian camp and put under their protection where they proclaimed him Emperor.
24 ''He shall enter peaceably, even into the richest of the provinces;''
:Under Claudius, after achieving the throne peaceably, the Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus. The provinces of [[Thrace]], [[Noricum]], [[Pamphylia]], [[Lycia]], and [[Judea]] were [[annexation|annexed]] (or put under direct rule) under various circumstances during his term. The annexation of [[Mauretania]], begun under Caligula, was completed after the defeat of rebel forces, and the official division of the former client kingdom into two Imperial provinces.<ref>Pliny 5.1–5.2, Cassius Dio, 60.8, 60.9</ref> The most far-reaching conquest was the [[Roman conquest of Britain|conquest of Britannia]]''.<ref>Scramuzza, Chap. 9</ref>
|}

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; background:inherit"
! Interpretations of the North and South kingdoms of chapter 11 by Biblical expositors from the 1st to 19th centuries
|-
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
|-
! colspan=8|<big>Prophecy of Kings in chapter 11
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: 100-457 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 456–7"/>
|-
!
!
!|Kingdoms
!
|-
|[[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]
|d. 238
|PGR-Antichrist
|
|-
|[[Jerome]]
|w. 420
|Antichrist at end
|
|-
! colspan=5|Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD<ref name="Froom 1950 894-75"/>
|-
|[[Thomas Aquinas]]
|d. 1274
|Antichrist
|
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522-1614 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
!
!
!|Willful King
!|King of the North
|-
|[[Martin Luther]]
|1522
|Papacy
|Papacy
|-
|[[Johann Oecolampadius]]
|1530
|
|Antichrist
|-
|[[Philipp Melanchthon]]
|1543
|Papacy
|Papacy, Turk
|-
|Georg Joye
|1545
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[Heinrich Bullinger]]
|1557
|
|Papacy
|-
|John Jewel
|1562
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[Nikolaus Selnecker]]
|1579
|
|Papacy
|-
|Thomas Cramer
|1582
|Papacy
|
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Counter-Reformation: 1590-1604 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 528–9"/>
|-
|Robert Bellarmine
|1593
|Antiochus
|
|-
! colspan=7|Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—Europe: 1600-1800 AD<ref name="Froom 1948 784–5"/>
|-
!
!
!|Willful King
!|King of the North
|-
|[[George Downham]]
|1603
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[John Tillinghast]]
|1655
|
|Turk & Pope
|-
|[[William Sherwin (minister)|William Sherwin]]
|1670
|
|Turks
|-
|Thomas Beverly
|1684
|
|Turks
|-
|[[William Whiston]]
|1706
|
|Turks
|-
|[[Thomas Newton]]
|1754
|
|Turks
|-
|Hans Wood
|1787
|
|Turks
|-
|[[James Ebenezer Bicheno]]
|1793
|
|Turks
|-
! colspan=8|Biblical Expositors of the 19th Century Advent Awakening: 1800-1845 AD<ref name="Froom 1946 744–5"/>
|-
!
!
!
!|King of the North
|-
|[[William Hales]]
|1803
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[George Stanley Faber]]
|1804
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[Thomas Scott (commentator)|Thomas Scott]]
|1805
|
|Turkey
|-
|[[Adam Clarke]]
|1810
|
|Turks
|-
|[[Captain Maitland]]
|1813
|
|Mohammedan
|-
|Jonathan Bayford
|1820
|
|Papacy
|-
|John Fry
|1822
|
|Rome
|-
|Edward Cooper
|1825
|
|Rome
|-
|Alexander Keith
|1828
|
|Turkey
|-
|Alfred Addis
|1829
|
|Rome
|-
|John Cox
|1832
|
|Turkey
|-
|Bp Dan Wilson
|1836
|
|Papacy
|-
|[[François Gaussen|François Samuel Robert Louis Gaussen]]
|1837
|
|Rome
|-
|[[Thomas Rawson Birks]]
|1843
|
|Rome
|-
|E. B. Elliot
|1844
|
|Turkey
|-
|colspan=8|PGR=Media/'''P'''ersia-'''G'''reece-'''R'''ome. M=Mohammed. [BPGR]=Implies...
|}
|}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
The publications are listed in order of date.

* {{cite book
|last = Bliss
|first = Sylvester
|title = Memoirs of William Miller
|year = 1853
|publisher = Joshua V. Himes
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = White
|first = Ellen
|authorlink = Ellen G. White
|chapter = Chapters 22 to 29
|title = Spiritual Gifts
|volume = vol. 1
|year = 1858
|publisher = Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = White
|first = Ellen
|authorlink = Ellen G. White
|title = The Spirit of Prophecy
|chapter = Chapters 13 to 24
|year = 1884
|volume = vol. 4
|publisher = Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = White
|first = Ellen
|authorlink = Ellen G. White
|chapter = Chapters 18 to 25
|title = The Great Controversy
|year = 1888
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Smith
|first = Uriah
|authorlink = Uriah Smith
|title = Daniel and the Revelation
|year = 1897
|publisher = Southern Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = White
|first = Ellen
|authorlink = Ellen G. White
|chapter = Chapter 40: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
|title = Prophets and Kings
|year = 1917
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = Early Church Exposition, Subsequent Deflections, and Medieval Revival
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42770
| volume = 1
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1950
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 1006
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = Pre-Reformation and Reformation Restoration, and Second Departure
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=43134
| volume = 2
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1948
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 863
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Froom
| first = Le Roy Edwin
| authorlink = Le Roy Froom
| title = PART I, Colonial and Early National American Exposition. PART II, Old World Nineteenth Century Advent Awakening
| url = http://www.adventistarchives.org/doc_info.asp?DocID=42257
| volume = 3
| series = The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers: The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
| year = 1946
| publisher = The Review and Herald Publishing Association
| page = 802
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Anderson
|first = Roy Allan
|title = Unfolding Daniel
|year = 1953
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Anderson
|first = Roy Allan
|title = Unfolding Revelation
|year = 1953
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = History of the Interpretation of Daniel
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = Vol. 4
|year = 1955
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = Daniel
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = Vol. 4
|year = 1955
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = History of the Interpretation of the Apocalypse
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = Vol. 7
|year = 1957
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = Revelation
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = Vol. 7
|year = 1957
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = History of the Interpretation of Daniel
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = Vol. 4
|edition = 2nd
|year = 1978
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = Daniel
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = vol. 4
|edition = 2nd
|year = 1978
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = History of the Interpretation of the Apocalypse
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = vol. 7
|edition = 2nd
|year = 1978
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Nichol
|editor-first= Francis D.
|editorlink = Francis D. Nichol
|chapter = Revelation
|title = The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary
|volume = vol. 7
|edition = 2nd
|year = 1978
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Ford
|first = Desmond
|authorlink = Desmond Ford
|title = Daniel
|year = 1978
|publisher = Southern Publishing Association
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Maxwell
|first = C. Mervyn
|title = God Cares: The Message of Daniel for You and Your Family
|volume = vol. 1
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|year = 1981
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Maxwell
|first = C. Mervyn
|title = God Cares: The Message of Revelation for You and Your Family
|volume = vol. 2
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|year = 1981
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
|last = Holbrook
|first = Frank B.
|title = What Prophecy Means to This Church
|url = http://www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org/documents/What%20Prophecy%20Means%20to%20Church.htm
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute (originally published in ''Ministry'')
|year = 1983
|accessdate = 2008-01-13
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Holbrook
|editor-first= Frank B.
|title = Selected Studies on Prophetic Interpretation
|series = Daniel And Revelation Committee Series
|volume = vol. 1
|year = 1986
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Holbrook
|editor-first= Frank B.
|title = Symposium on Daniel
|series = Daniel And Revelation Committee Series
|volume = vol. 2
|year = 1986
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
| first = William H.
| last = Shea
| editor-last = Holbrook
| editor-first = Frank B.
| chapter = The Prophecy of Daniel 9:24-27
| title = Symposium on Daniel| series= Daniel & Revelation Committee Series
| volume = 2
| year = 1986
| publisher = Biblical Research Institute: Review and Herald Publishing Association
| isbn = 0-925675-01-6
| page = 557
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|editor-last = Holbrook
|editor-first = Frank B.
|title = The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy
|series = Daniel And Revelation Committee Series
|volume = vol. 3
|year = 1986
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Doukhan
|first = Jacques B.
|title = Daniel: The Vision of the End
|publisher = Andrews University Press
|year = 1987
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|first = Kai
|last = Arasola
|title = The End of Historicism: Millerite Hermeneutic of Time Prophecies in the Old Testament
|location = Uppsala
|publisher = University of Uppsala
|year = 1990
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
|last = Rodriguez
|first = Angel Manuel
|authorlink = Angel Manuel Rodriguez
|year = 1994
|title = The 70 Weeks and 457 B.C.
|publisher = Biblical Research Institute
|url = http://www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org/materials/prophecy/70-weeks-and-457-bc
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Goldstein
|first = Clifford
|authorlink = Clifford Goldstein
|title = Graffiti in the Holy of Holies
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|year = 2003
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|first = Jon
|last = Paulien
|title = The End of Historicism? Reflections on the Adventist Approach to Biblical Apocalyptic - part 1
|url = http://www.atsjats.org/publication_file.php?pub_id=25&journal=1&type=pdf
|journal = [[Journal of the Adventist Theological Society]]
|volume = 14
|issue = 2
|date = Fall 2003
|pages = 15–43
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Pfandl
|first = Gehard
|title = Daniel: The Seer of Babylon
|publisher = Review and Herald Publishing Association
|year = 2004
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|first = Hans
|last = LaRondelle
|url = http://ministrymagazine.org/archive/2005/September/the-heart-of-historicism.html
|title = The Heart of Historicism
|magazine = Ministry
|volume = 77
|issue = 9
|date = September 2005
|pages = 22–23, 25–27
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Shea
|first = William H.
|title = Daniel: A Reader's Guide
|publisher = Pacific Press Publishing Association
|year = 2005
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Knibb
|first = Michael
|title = The Septuagint and Messianism
|year = 2006
|publisher = Peeters Publishers
|url = https://books.google.it/books?id=lPS3_cThJn0C&pg=PA435&dq=%22Daniel+9+has+a+simple+structure%22&hl=it&sa=X&ei=1pqCVa7GIYLYmgWusoH4Bg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=Onepage&q=%22Daniel%209%20has%20a%20simple%20structure%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|first = Jon
|last = Paulien
|title = The End of Historicism? Reflections on the Adventist Approach to Biblical Apocalyptic - part 2
|url = http://www.atsjats.org/publication_file.php?pub_id=243&journal=1&type=pdf
|journal = JATS
|volume = 17
|issue = 1
|date = Spring 2006
|pages = 180–208
|ref = harv
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Swearingen
|first = Marc Alden
|year = 2006
|title = Tidings out of the Northeast
|publisher = Remnant Publication
|location = Coldwater, Michigan
|pages = 272
|isbn = 1-933291-02-8
|ref = harv
}}

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G5: Creation by a blocked or banned user in violation of block or ban: more at User talk:MindyWaters, Sockpuppet investigations/Allenroyboy

Sources

ministrymagazine.org/...

penelope.uchicago.edu/...

Additional preserved links are available in the archive details below.

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Revision rows stored: 0

Outgoing links stored: 244

External links stored: 15

Templates stored: 16

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Outgoing Wikipedia links (244)

Aaron BurrAaron Burr, Sr.Abraham bar HiyyaAbraham ibn EzraAdam ClarkeAgathocles of EgyptAkiva ben JosephAlexander IV of MacedonAlexander Keith (minister)Alexander the GreatAlfred AddisAndreas of CaesareaAndreas OsianderAnne BradstreetAnnexationAntigonus I MonophthalmusAntiochus I SoterAntiochus II TheosAntiochus III the GreatAntiochus IV EpiphanesAntiochus XIII AsiaticusAphrahatAristobulus IIArnold of VillanovaArsinoe III of EgyptArtaxerxes I of PersiaAthanasiusAugustineBaptism of JesusBarnabasBattle of CorupediumBattle of IpsusBattle of MundaBattle of PaniumBattle of PharsalusBattle of PlataeaBattle of SalamisBattle of ThapsusBattle of ThermopylaeBattle of ZelaBedeBenjamin NahawandiBerengaudBerenice (Seleucid queen)BethlehemBlasius ViegasBook of JeremiahCaesar AugustusCaligulaCambyses IICaptain MaitlandCassanderCharlotte Elizabeth TonnaChiastic structureClaudiusClement of AlexandriaCleopatraCleopatra I SyraCotton MatherCrucifixion of JesusCyprianCyril of AlexandriaCyril of JerusalemDarius IDavid ChytraeusDavid Simpson (priest)Day-year principleDemetrius I of MacedonDispensationalismDr. Joshua Lathrop HouseDrue CressenerEdward Bickersteth (priest)Edward HolyokeEdward IrvingEliezerEliezer ben HurcanusEphrem the SyrianEusebius of CaesareaEusebius PamphiliFirst Council of NicaeaFrancis Mason (archdeacon)Francisco RiberaFrançois GaussenFuturism (Christianity)GabrielGaumataGeorg JoyeGeorge DownhamGeorge JoyeGeorge Stanley FaberGermanicusGnaeus Pompeius MagnusGratusHeinrich BullingerHenry Drummond (1786–1860)Henry Gauntlett (priest)Henry MoreHilary of PoitiersHippolytus of RomeHistoricism (Christianity)Hugh BroughtonHugh LatimerHyrcanus IIIncrease MatherIrenaeusIsaac BackusIsaac NewtonIsidore of PelusiumJames Aitken WylieJames Aitkin WylieJames BeggJames Ebenezer BichenoJames Hatley FrereJames Henthorn ToddJames I of EnglandJames Purves (minister)JeromeJesusJoachim of FlorisJohann FunckJohann OecolampadiusJohannes CocceiusJohn BaleJohn CalvinJohn ChrysostomJohn Cotton (Puritan)John Davenport (minister)John Davenport (Puritan)John Henry NewmanJohn JewelJohn KnoxJohn NapierJohn the BaptistJohn TillinghastJohn WillisonJonathan Edwards (theologian)Joseph BayleeJoseph BellamyJoseph MedeJoseph WolffJosephusJoshua William BrooksJournal of the Adventist Theological SocietyJudeaJulius CaesarJustin MartyrLactantiusLaodice ILewis WayLouis GaussenLyciaLysimachusManuel LacunzaMarcus AntoniusMartin LutherMatthew HabershonMatthew HenryMauretaniaNicholas NoyesNicolaus von AmsdorfNikolaus SelneckerNoricumOlympiasOrigenPamphyliaPapacyPaul Dudley (jurist)Peter ComestorPhilip III of MacedonPhilipp MelanchthonPierre JurieuPolychronisPontius PilatePope Gregory IPorphyry (philosopher)Praetorian GuardPreterismPrincepsPtolemy I SoterPtolemy II PhiladelphusPtolemy III EuergetesPtolemy IV PhilopatorPtolemy V EpiphanesPtolemy XIII Theos PhilopatorRashiRaymond F. CottrellRichard ValpyRobert BellarmineRobert Fleming the youngerRobert Fleming, Jr.Roger Williams (theologian)Roman conquest of BritainRoxanaS:On the Embassy to GaiusS. R. MaitlandSaadiaSamuel Hopkins (1721–1803)Samuel LangdonSamuel Lee (linguist)Samuel OsgoodSeleucus I NicatorSeleucus II CallinicusSeleucus III CeraunusSeventh-day Adventist ChurchSeventh-day Adventist eschatologySeventh-day Adventist theologySeventh-day SabbathSextus Julius AfricanusSir Isaac NewtonSosibiusSuetoniusSulpicius SeverusSyrian WarsTeaching of JacobTertullianTheodoretThomas AquinasThomas BeverleyThomas BrightmanThomas CranmerThomas NewtonThomas Parker (minister)Thomas Rawson BirksThomas Scott (commentator)ThraceTiberiusTiberius CaesarTreasonVaticinium ex eventuVenerable BedeVictorinusVirgil SolisWaldensesWilliam Burnet (colonial administrator)William Cuninghame of LainshawWilliam HalesWilliam LinnWilliam LowthWilliam Miller (preacher)William Sherwin (minister)William WhistonXerxes IYefet ben AliYochanan ben Zakai

External links (15)

ministrymagazine.org/...

penelope.uchicago.edu/...

www.adventistarchives.org/...

www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org/...

www.atoday.com/...

www.atsjats.org/...

http://www.livius.org/da-dd/daniel/11_comm.html

books.google.it/...

Templates (16)

AboutArticle for deletion/datedBibleverseBibleverse-nbCite bookCite journalCite webFractionHarvnbHatnoteOld AfD multiReflistSeventh-day AdventismSfnTOC limitWide image

Seventh-day Adventist historicist interpretations of Bible prophecy

See Also

Branch Davidian views of the Lord's Supper

A. Kent Kingston

Adger Smith

Seventh-day Adventist Hospital

Spicer Memorial College Higher Secondary School