PAL/PALI

Pal is the name of a Chandravanshi Kshatriya (Dhangar) Clan. Hindu Mahasammelan was held in 1911 in Jaipur. To re-organise the scatered chandravanshi kshatriyas, two Mahasabhas were made one is with the name of Akhil Bhartiya PAL Mahasabha and other is Akhil Bhartia Yadav Mahasabha. Because the Chandravanshi's were further divided in two groups one is KURUVANSHI and another is YADUVANSHI. Commonely Pal & Yadavs known as Kshatriyas (Gwala/Gadaria/Shephereds) in India

They are also known as PAL Kshatriya/ PAL Thakurs in western part of country. Their gotras are :

1.*Tomar 2.*Sagar 3.*Sisodia 4.*Becholia 5.*Katrya 6.*Kachwaha 7.*Ahir 8.*Bhindwar 9.*Chandel 10.*Spah 11.*Kokende 12.*Rotella 13.*Hiranwar 14.*Baniaa 15.*Thanmbar 16.*Fulsungha 17.*Raraya 18.*Reyar 19.*Mohaniya 20.*Nigote 21.*padariya 22.*Sriswar

Many Kingdoms deveoped by PAL Kshatriyas

Pal or Panwar dynasty

The founder of The Pal or Panwar dynasty – of which the present raja is the 61st descendant -- was Kanak Pal, who came to Uttarakhand in the 9th century AD, possibly from Maharashtra. He married the daughter of Bhanu Pratap, a chieftain of Chandpur Garhi, and thus himself became the chieftain at this fortress town.

It was Raja Ajay Pal, Kanak Pal’s 37th descendant, who established the supremacy of the Panwars after defeating the 52 chieftains who existed in Garhwal, in the early 16th century AD. He shifted from Chandpur Garhi first to Dewalgarh and then to his new capital, Srinagar. In time, the rulers of Garhwal consolidated the power and size of their kingdom. In fact, Garhwal was an independent kingdom on which the mighty Mughals of Delhi had neither influence nor supremacy. The suffix ‘Pal’ was changed to ‘Shah’ some time in the 17th century.

In 1803, Garhwal was over-run by the Gorkhas and the then king, Raja Pradyuman Shah, lost both his life and his kingdom to them. It was Raja Sudarshan Shah who, after wresting his kingdom back from the Gorkhas after 12 years with the help of the British, shifted the capital of the Tehri Riyasat to Tehri in 1815.

However, the court fortune-teller and pandit foresaw doom for the city (a prophesy that did come true as Tehri no longer exits) and urged Raja Narendra Shah, Raja Sudarshan Shah’s successor and the 59th ruler of the dynasty, to shift his capital. Following his court’s advice, Raja Narendra Shah made the new town of Narendra Nagar his capital in 1919. The town is named after its founding father Narendra Shah. Another reason he may have moved is that, for several generations, the ruler of the Shah dynasty always passed away before the age of 30. He felt that he might avoid the same fate by moving his capital. Some say that he was advised by a doctor to move from Tehri for health reason. One more reason that is cited for shifting the capital is that Narendra Shah wanted to set an example in putting an end to the Prabhu Seva tradition. When the royal family moved from Tehri to Dehradun for the winter, the luggage was carried over the long distance by people caught in this unpleasant tradition. It was felt that Narendra Nagar’s proximity to Dehradun would help this cause.

The small town of Odathali in the Lower Himalayas was chosen as the site for Narendra Nagar because of its scenic beauty and its proximity to the plains of north India. Between 1919 and 1936, the town continued to grow. Residential and government buildings were added. Raja Narendra Shah also has the Rishikesh-Narendra Nagar-Tehri and the Rishikesh-Devprayag-Kirtinagar roads constructed.

The neat layout of this erstwhile royal township is in evidence even today. Some of the buildings such as the hospital and the secretariat are still in use. The bazaar buildings too were built in 1919. They earlier housed the king’s staff – the ground floor was used to tether horses while the first floor was used for staff quarters.

In the early 1900s, Narendra Nagar was a popular destination for the British rulers of the time. The Palace 'Annexe' was added to the original palace building in 1910 to house Lord Linlithgow, the then Viceroy of India, and his entourage who visited Narendra Nagar fairly often. Over the years, the Palace has also hosted many distinguished guests -- Late Lal Bahadur Shastri and Late Mrs. Indira Gandhi, Prime Ministers of India, and spiritual leaders such as Ma Anandmayi and Swami Shivananda as well as the last British Viceroy of India -- Lord Louis Mountbatten. The Palace Annexe is now home to the resort Ananda in the Himalayas.

The late Raja Manavendra Shah took over the reigns of Tehri-Garhwal from his father Raja Narendra Shah who abdicated due to poor health in 1946. The province was eventually merged with the territory of Uttar Pradesh shortly after India gained her independence.

For four decades, the town remained the headquarters of District Tehri-Garhwal till, in 1989, New Tehri became the headquarters.

PAL-YADAV KARAULI RAJVANSH

JAGIR =

VILLAGES: 34 REVENUE: 40,000Rs ACCESSION DATE: ?? STATE: Gujarat (Sabarkantha Distt.) DYNASTY: Rathore RELIGION: Hindu

PRESENT RULER: Rao Shri RAGHUVIRSINGH, 15th Jagirdar of Pal Jagir (1978/-)

born 9th November 1931, married at Thikana Lakaroda (Gujarat) and has issue. Bhanwar Pradyumansinh Bhanwar Lokendrasinh Bhanwar Nagendrasinh

PREDECESSORS AND SHORT HISTORY:Raja JAICHAND of Kannauj was father of SONINGJIRAO, 1st Rathore ruler of Idar about 1257AD. His descendant was Rao Bhawani fl.1406, father of Rao Sujoji, living in the middle of the 15th century, he defeated Palli Bhill and became the 1st Jagirdar of Pal. Rulers were... Rao RUNMALJI Rao MESDANJI, Thakur of Khalwad Rao SHESMALJI Rao BHAVANISINHJI Rao SUJOJI, 1st Jagirdar of Pal Thakur Shri ACHALSINHJI Thakur Shri UGARSINHJI Thakur Shri JAYSINHJI Thakur Shri GAJSINHJI Thakur Shri MAKANSINHJI Thakur Shri DOLATSINHJI Thakur Shri JORAVARSINHJI Thakur Shri AWALSINHJI Thakur Shri MOHOBATSINHJI Thakur Shri KHUMANSINHJI Thakur Shri HAMIRSINHJI GULABSINHJI 1864/1889, died 1889. Thakur Shri PRATHISINHJI HAMIRSINHJI 1889/-, born 1872, succeeded 24th October 1889, married and had issue. Thakur Shri JASHWANTSINHJI PRATHISINHJI (qv)

Thakur Shri JASHWANTSINHJI PRATHISINHJI -/1934, married at Shemari Jagir in Rajasthan, and had issue. Rao Shri HIMMATSINHJI JASHWANTSINHJI Sahib (qv)

Rao Shri HIMMATSINHJI JASHWANTSINHJI Sahib 1934/1978, born 18th September 1911, educated at Scott College, Sadra; married at Mohanpur State in Gujarat, and had issue. He died 23rd March 1978. Rao Shri RAGHUVIRSINH (qv) Kumar Shri Ajitsinh, married at Thikana Banedia (Rajasthan) and has issue. Bhanwar Premsinh, married Baiji Lal Supragya Kumari, daughter of Thakur NARAIN SINGH of Khandela-Junior. Kumar Shri Jayendrasinh, married the daughter of Thakur Sahib Bhawani Sinh of Kathiwada (M.P.), and has issue. Bhanwar Pushpendrasinh, married Baisa Harinandini Devi, daughter of Thakur Saheb Mahendrasinhji, Maharawal of Chorangala (Distt. Baroda, Gujarat). Baisa Archana Kumari, married Kumar Akshaysinhji, son of Thakur Saheb Shri Surendrasinhji Shaktawat of Baval (M.P.) Kumar Shri Mahendrasinh Rao Shri RAGHUVIRSINH (see above) The help of Kumar Shri Jayendrasinh H. Rathore is gratefully acknowledged, February 2003.

PAL HAVELI - JODHPUR

The Term haveli describes the traditional Indian mansion or Courtyard house, a large Family residence built around one or several Central Courtyard, with external walls rising directly against public streets.

Pal Haveli, located centrally in front of the clock Tower on the main street in jodhpur, Rajasthan was built by Thakur of Pal in 1847. The house has been inhabited by the Nobel family for more than 150 years. Pal haveli has Fascinated western guests since 1887, when Edwin Lord Weeks Sketched the Pal's Thakur Residence for Harper's Magazines. Now Pal's Haveli welcome another generation of honored guests to Pal Haveli.

GREAT HOLKAR RAJVANSH

The Great Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar was the first freedom fighter who made an army, in 1803, mostly consisting of Dhangars to fight with the British and to drive them out of India single handedly. He built a factory to manufacture tanks. He appealed to the rest of the Kings of India and said, "First Country and then Religion. We will have to rise above caste, religion and our states in the interest of our country. You too must wage a war against the British like me". His appeal fell on deaf ears as all of them had already signed treaties with the British. The Dhangars took part in the revolt of 1857. Many of them were hanged till death in Berar (M.P.). The Bristish were so much afraid of Dhangars that they made a law banning purchase of land by Dhangars stating a reason that they were not Kunbis(Agriculturists). They were opperessed in all spheres of life, they were never allowed to come forward.

He was the only King in India to whom the British approached to sign a peace treaty. Initially he refused to sign any treaty with the British but when he saw that rest of the Kings were not ready to unite and were interested in personal benifts he was the last to sign a treaty with the British on 24 December 1805 at Rajghat. He didn't accept any condition which would affect his self respect.

KURUBAS OF KARNATAKA

Culture Kurubas are Hindus who follow Halumatha. Halumatha is also referred to as palamatha in some parts of India. Religion of the Palakas. Worshiping Almighty

Source in stone (Linga) form might have originated from Halumatha. Stone is the source for the soil. Soil is the source for the plants. Plants are the source for the animals. This may be the reason for worshiping Almighty in Stone. Through the ages, this stone worship tradition might have led to worshiping Shiva (Pashupati) as Beeralingeswara, Mailara Linga, Khandoba, Mahadeshwara, Nanjundeswara, Mallappa, Mallara, Mallikarjuna, Junjappa etc. Even the worshiping of shakti as Yellamma, Renuka, Chowdamma, Kariyamma, Chamundi, Bhanashankari, Gullamma etc. might have come from this tradition. Even today ancestral worship as deities is very common. The worship of ancestors like Revanasidda, Rama, Hanuman, Krishna,Keshava, Ranganatha, Eera Thimmanna, Tirupati Thimmappa, Venkateswara, Kalidasa, Siddarama, Kanakadasa etc.

Beeralingeswara temples have "Balaga" with Gowda, Buddhivanta, Bandari, Kolkara etc. Generally priests in Beeralingeshwara and Milaralingeshwara temples are kurubas. Kurubas were great warriors and had established many ancient kingdoms such as the Hoysala kingdom in Karnataka and Pallava kingdom in present day Tamil Nadu; they reached their zenith of prosperity between AD.1300 & AD.1600 under the great Vijayanagara Empire.Kurubas are known by different names in different regions of the country. In some locations in Karnataka, People from the Kuruba Community use Naiker as surname. It means the same as Gowda (A leader of village or temple). The following are used : Tribal communitiesThese may be part of kuruba communities. There may be more than 500 bedagus in kuruba community. Some South Indian Clans Aadina, Aanne, Aarella, Adwar Hadasale, Amme, Andara, Anne, Arisina, Aoti, Arasu, Arei, Asalu, Asli, Aslu, Atti, Ballari, Banda, Bandi, Banni, Basalu, Basari, Belada, Bevina, Bhoja, Bijjala, Bilwa, Bira, Bosa, Bosala, Bujjenige, Chandana, Chitalu, Dande, Dani, Dasari, Devadaru, Duddidana, Eralu, Gali, Gauda, Gogandi, Hande, Hariwana, Harusha, Hatte, Hothana, Jadi, Jande, Janni, Kachana, Kaggala, Kambli, Kampala, Kankaitayana, Kateda, Kawadi.Kenchalu, Kolle, Kote, Kundan, Kuniwa, Kuppina, Kuwala, Majjana, Malle, Mallige, Manasina, Manne, Mautte, Masalu, Mesalu, Michina, Misu, Muruhinda, Mutina, Nagara, Nagare, Nahi, Nali, Nalige, Nilli, Nonaba, Rajakula, Sada, Sakala, Salva, Samanta, Sampige, Sangam, Sangara, Sannakambli, Sasalu, Semant, Sena, Sevige, Simpala, Tarugara, Thagaru, Tube, Unne, Uppina, Wanagare,hebler,rater, Kurubas TodayTraditionally warriors and farmers, Kurubas were late to take up modern education, but have made rapid progress in many fields. They are today developing into a vibrant and dynamic community coming out of the inferiority complex imposed on them since the fall of Vijayanagara empire. The community is ably led by many politicians and social thinkers who are today not only leading the kuruba community but also all deprived sections of the society. Kurubas today have become the voice of all the deprived communities of the society grouped under Backward Castes. More work has to be done to help the vast majority of Kuruba Gowdas living in the villages to come out of the inferiority complex and make a life for themselves.But, the cream of the Kuruba community are setting a new standard by getting well-educated and going to different parts of the world. Traditions Traditionally Kuruba Gowdas celebrate most Hindu festivals. They have their own costumes, songs, ballads and plays in praise of god like The Seuna, Sevuna or Yadava dynasty (Marathi: ????????? ???? ,Kannada: ???????) (850 - 1334) was an Indian dynasty, which during their peak ruled present day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh from their capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in Maharashtra).

VIJAYNAGAR EMPIRE

Vijayanagara Empire, 1446-1520 CE

This empire was founded by the Sangama brothers Hakka and Bukka who stated in inscriptions that they were from the Golla (Yadava-Holkar-Shepard)caste. This is the same caste as Lord Krishna and the Maharajas of Indore and Mysore. Some historians claim that they were generals in the Kakatiya empire that ended up forming their own empire, others claim they were the five sons of the Hoysala King, another theory claims they were northern officials of the Mughal empire sent to administer the territory for them but ended up declaring their independence under the influence of a Hindu sage. Most reliable historians believe they are originally from Karnataka and from the Kuruba or Yadava caste. The Vijayanagara Empire was founded as the last bastion of Hinduism against Islamic oppression from Tughlaq rule in the Deccan, lasting for more than two centuries as the dominant power in South India. The empire was divided for the purposes of administration into a number of kingdoms and provinces called Rajas. They were also known as Mandalams. A governor, known by different names like Samanta Raju, Nayaka, Danda-Nayaka, and Mandal-eswara etc., were appointed over each province by the central government at Vijayanagar. Although technically under the direct control of the central power, they enjoyed a good measure of local autonomy within their jurisdiction without interference from the central government as long as they discharged their obligation to it regularly. They held their own courts and maintained their own armies. There were also areas which were administered through feudal vassals who claimed to enjoy a semi-independent status. South of the Vijayanagar kingdom, were many small chieftains called Polygars who ruled over small areas and paid tribute to the kings of Vijayanagar.Robert Sewell: Vijayanagar: A forgotten Empire [68] In all, four clans ruled the empire, of which two claimed to be of the Kshatriya Varna. The Saluva Dynasty was of the Kasyapa gotra and Suryavanshi. Their family name is Katari, which means dagger. They used Saluva as their dynastic name, meaning hawk, as the founder was thought of as a hawk among men. In later years they assumed royal titles. They first came into the picture in 1318 when a Katari Saluva Raseya Nayak was a subordinate chief for the Yadavas who defeated the Muslim forces while King Ballala was away from his capital in Dwarasamudra.History of South India By P.N. Chopra, T.K. Ravindran, N. Subrahmanian pg 13[69] By 1456 they were ruling over a part of Chola territory.Carnatic Chronology: The Hindu and Mahomedan Methods of Reckoning pg 58-59[70] In 1463 Pusapati Tamma Bhupati Raju conquered Udyagiri and Chandragiri, ruled by Katari Saluva Rama Chandra Raju,The SÅ«ryavaṁśi Gajapatis of Orissa By R. Subrahmanyam pg 47, 197[71] but from 1471-1484, Katari Saluva Narsimha was ruling in Musilpatnam and Vijanagar.A History of Vijayanagar: The Never to Be Forgotten Empire By Bangalore Suryanarain Row pg 335[72] The other clan was the Aravidu Dynasty.Journal of the Andhra Historical Society By Andhra Historical Research Society pg 61[73] Raja Achutya Deva Raya was extensively interviewed by Robert Sewell in order to help him in research for his book,Robert Sewell: Vijayanagar: A forgotten Empire [74] and is acknowledged by the Government of Karnataka as the direct descendant of this line. In his royal biography he takes on the title of Zamindar of Anegundi, Senior Representative of the Royal House of Vijayanagar, born 4th August 1936, adoptive son of Rani Lal Kumari, Guru (Religious Head) of the Hindu Kshatriya Community, enjoys the customary privileges and honors at Hampi Temple and at Anegondi Temple, during all religious functions as well as Muslim festivals.Aenegondi [75] His family states they are of the Raju caste and marry amongst Telugu speakng Rajus settled in this area. Raju families such as the Chodarajus, Nandyalas, Madirajus, Tirumalarajus, Gobburis, Saluvas (Bommarajus) of Karvetinagar, the Rajas of Owk and Matla Chiefs were all at one time or other, relatives of the Aravidu dynasty. All of these families still live in and around the Hampi area. • The founding brothers of the Aravidu dynasty were the son-in-laws of Krishna Deva Raya of the Tuluva Dynasty and were also related previously through marriage with the Saluva Dynasty. Gobburi Narasaraju was the nephew of Aliya Ramaraju andQuestioning Ramayanas: A South Asian tradition by Paula Richman[76] Emperor Venkatapthi Raju was married to Gobburi Kondama,The Madras tercentenary commemoration volume. by Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee. [77]the sister of the Raja of Srisailam, Gobburi Giriappa.Cyclic tables of Hindu and Mahomedan chronology, regarding the history of the Telugu and Kannadi countries to which are added the genealogies of particular Hindu families, with essays on various matters of enquiry by Charles Philip Brown [78] After the death of Venkatapathi Raju, from 1614-1616 there was a great war of succession. Amongst the claimants to the throne was Gobburi Jaga Deva Raju, the brother-in-law of the emperor and also a relative of the Raja of Karvetinagar, Saluva Makaraju.Gazetteer of the Nellore District : brought upto 1938. Pg 61[79]The Nayaks of Tanjore. by V Vriddhagirisan