Nestor Troubetzkoy

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[[Image:Coat of arms of Trubecki.jpg|77px]][[Image:Herb Pogon Litewska.jpg|77px]]
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|'''[[Szlachta|Noble Family]]''' || [[Troubetzkoy|Trubecki]]
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|'''[[Polish heraldry|Coat of Arms]]''' || [[Troubetzkoy Coat of Arms|Trubecki]], [[Pogon Litewska Coat of Arms|Pogoń Litewska]]
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|'''Parents''' || [[Grigory Troubetzkoy]]<br>[[NN]]
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|'''Consorts'''|| [[NN]]
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|'''Children''' || [[Pawel Troubetzkoy]]<br>[[Gerasim Troubetzkoy]]<br>[[NN]]<br>[[NN]]<br>[[NN]]
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|'''Date of Birth''' || ca [[1840]]
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|'''Place of Birth''' || [[Free City of Kraków]]
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|'''Date of Death''' || [[1907]]
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|'''Place of Death''' || [[Warsaw]]
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'''Nestor Troubetzkoy''' (also known under his [[Polish language|Polish]] and [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] names of ''Nestor Trubecki'', ''Nestor Trubiacki'', or ''Nestor Kalinowski'' by his mother; ca [[1840]] [[Kraków]] – [[1907]] [[Warsaw]]) was a [[revolutionary]], [[anarchist]], [[Prince]]. Nestor Troubetzkoy was born in Kraków as the son of Prince [[Grigory Troubetzkoy]] ([[freemason]]) and a Polish [[szlachta]] woman [[M. Kalinowska]]. They met in [[Saint Petersburg]]; after that M. Kalinowska moved to Kraków and Nestor was born in the [[Free City of Kraków]]. The [[Congress of Vienna]] ([[1815]]) restored the [[partition of Poland]], but gave Kraków its [[independence]], as the Free City of Kraków. The city again became the focus of the struggle for [[national sovereignty]] in [[1846]], during the [[Kraków Uprising]]. The [[uprising]] failed to spread outside the city to other Polish-inhabited lands, and was put down, resulting in Kraków's [[annexation]] by [[Austrian Empire]].

After graduating from school in Kraków in [[1857]] Troubetzkoy went to [[Vienna]], where he started [[study]]ing at the [[University of Vienna]] and got involved in several Polish [[student]]s' [[conspiracy|conspiracies]] and [[secret society|secret cultural societies]]. After [[exmatriculation]] in [[1859]] Troubetzkoy returned to the area of Kraków, where he continued to act as a revolutionary. In his [[literature|literary]] work, Troubetzkoy underlined the need to liberate all peoples of the former [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Republic of the Two Nations]] from [[Imperial Russia]]'s [[occupation]] and to conserve and promote the [[Ruthenian Catholic Church]], the [[Belarusian Greek Catholic Church]] and [[Ruthenian language]]. He also promoted the [[idea]] of activisation of [[peasant]]s for the cause of [[national liberation]], the idea that was until then dominated by the [[gentry]]. He also referred to the good [[tradition]]s of [[democracy]], [[tolerance]] and [[Freedom (political)|freedom]] of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as opposed to national [[oppression]] of [[culture]]s dominated by [[Russia]]. After the outbreak of [[January Uprising]] he was involved in the secret [[Provincial Lithuanian Committee in Wilno|Prowincjonalny Litewski Komitet w Wilnie]]. However, after initial successes against the [[Russian army|Russian armies]], the Russians moved a 120,000 men strong [[army]] to the area and the revolutionaries started to lose most of the skirmishes.

After the [[Austro-Prussian War]] of [[1866]], Austria granted [[Autonomous entity|autonomy]] to [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]], making Polish the [[official language]] and establishing the provincial [[diet]]. After the [[Ausgleich]] of [[1867]], Galicia found itself in [[Cisleithania]] - the Austrian part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. As this form of Austrian [[rule]] was more benevolent than that [[exercise]]d by Russia and [[Prussia]], Kraków became a Polish national [[symbol]] and a center of [[culture]] and [[art]]. Troubetzkoy was a member of the [[:pl:Międzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat|Międzynarodowa Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Partia Proletariat]] and the [[:pl:II Proletariat|Polska Partia Socjalno-Rewolucyjna Proletariat]]. He also helped [[publishing]] [[Proletariat (newspaper)|Proletariat]], one of the first [[clandestine]] [[newspaper]]s in [[Polish language|Polish]]. Troubetzkoy was a [[correspondent]] of anarchist [[press]] from [[1901]] on, under the different [[name]]s, e.g. in [[Freiheit]], [[Neues Leben]], [[Der Anarchist]], [[Der Freie Arbeiter]]; a contributor of the Polish [[anarcho-syndicalist]] [[monthly]] [[Wolny Swiat]] in [[1904]]; for a while active in [[Bohemia]] where he contributed for [[Der Generalstreik]]. In [[1905]] Troubetzkoy went to [[revolution]]ary [[Warsaw]], [[Congress Poland]] ([[Russian Revolution of 1905]]). He was [[imprison]]ed in Warsaw. Troubetzkoy fled [[arrest]] in April [[1906]] and went to [[Switzerland]], [[Zürich]], where he became a contributor of [[Der Weckruf]] and a member of [[Jan Machajski]]'s [[squad]] in [[Geneva]]; expelled from Switzerland, lived in several [[Europe]]an countries and returned to Congress Poland; active in the Polish-Belarusian [[underground resistance]] until his death in [[1907]].

== Father ==
:[[Grigory Troubetzkoy]] ([[1802]] – [[11 January]] [[1874]])

== Sons ==
:[[Pawel Troubetzkoy]] ([[1879]] [[Congress Poland]] – [[1941]] [[Tallinn]])
:[[Gerasim Troubetzkoy]], [[scientist]], [[dr]]. ([[1870s]] – [[20th century]] [[Paris]])
:[[NN]], [[chemist]] in the [[oil industry]] in [[Baku]], [[captain]] of [[icebreaker Yermak]]

== Daughters ==
:[[NN]]
:[[NN]]

== See also ==
:[[Anarchism]]
:[[List of szlachta]]
:[[Szlachta]]
:[[Troubetzkoy]]

[[Category:Anarchists|Troubetzkoy, Nestor]]
[[Category:Polish nobility|Trubecki, Nestor]]
[[Category:1907 deaths|Troubetzkoy, Nestor]]
[[Category:Trubetskoy family]]
[[Category:People from Kraków|Trubecki, Nestor]]