List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument

the organs of taste ()

• peripheral gustatory or taste organs
  • gustatory calyculi (taste-buds)
• Structure of taste bud
  • gustatory pore
  • supporting cells
  • gustatory cells

• Structure of taste bud
  • gustatory hair
• Nerves of Taste
  • chorda tympani
  • glossopharyngeal nerve

the organ of smell ()

• Organon Olfactorius; The Nose
• External nose (Nasus Externus; Outer nose)
  • apex
  • base
  • nares
  • columna
  • vibrissae
  • dorsum nasi
  • bridge
  • ala nasi
• Structure
  • bony frame-work
  • cartilaginous frame-work (cartilagines nasi)
  • cartilage of the septum (cartilago septi nasi)

• Structure
  • sphenoidal process
  • septum mobile nasi
  • lateral cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis; upper lateral cartilage)
  • greater alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major; lower lateral cartilage)
  • medial wall (crus mediale)
  • septum mobile nasi
  • lateral wall (crus laterale)
  • lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages)

• Nasal cavity (Cavum Nasi; Nasal fossa)
  • nares
  • choanae
  • vestibule
  • olfactory region
  • respiratory region
• Lateral wall
  • nasal conchæ
  • sphenoethmoidal recess
  • superior meatus
  • middle meatus

• Lateral wall
  • atrium
  • bulla ethmoidalis
  • hiatus semilunaris
  • infundibulum
  • ostium maxillare
  • inferior meatus
• Medial wall

• Medial wall
  • nasopalatine recess
  • vomeronasal organ of Jacobson
  • vomeronasal cartilage
  • nasopalatine recess
• Mucous membrane (membrana mucosa nasi)
  • respiratory region
  • olfactory region
  • supporting cells
  • olfactory cells
  • olfactory hair
  • glands of Bowman

• Nasal aperture: veins of:
• Nose: nerves of:
• Nose: veins of:

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
  • Frontal sinuses (sinus frontales)
  • Ethmoidal air cells (cellulæ ethmoidales)
  • Sphenoidal sinuses (sinus sphenoidales)

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
  • Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris; antrum of Highmore)

the organ of sight ()

• bulb of the eye (bulbus oculi; eyeball), or organ of sight
• fascia bulbi

• anterior pole
• posterior pole
• optic axis

Development of eye

• optic vesicles
  • optic stalk
  • lens vesicle
  • optic cup

• optic vesicles
  • choroidal fissure
  • coloboma
• retina
  • pars ciliaris and pars iridica retinae
• optic nerve
  • optic chiasma
• crystalline lens

• crystalline lens
  • capsula vasculosa lentis
  • pupillary membrane
• vitreous body

• anterior chamber
• sclera
• choroid
• eyelids
• lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
  • nasoöptic furrow
  • epithelium
  • eyelashes

the tunics of the eye ()

Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

• Sclera
  • spatium perichorioideale
  • suprachorioidea
  • lamina cribrosa sclerae
  • venae vorticosae
  • sclero-corneal junction
  • sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)

• Sclera
  • trabecular tissue (Trabecular meshwork)
• Cornea

• Cornea
  • sulcus circularis corneae
  • iridial angle or filtration angle
  • scleral spur
  • Structure of cornea
    • corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer)
    • substantia propria

• Cornea
  • Structure of cornea
    • corneal spaces
    • corneal corpuscle
    • anterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica anterior; anterior limiting layer; Bowman’s membrane)
    • posterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica posterior; membrane of Descemet; membrane of Demours)

• Cornea
  • Structure of cornea
    • spaces of the angle of the iris (spaces of Fontana)
    • pectinate ligament of the iris
    • endothelium of the anterior chamber (endothelium cameræ anterioris; posterior layer; corneal endothelium)

Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

• Choroid (chorioidea)

• Choroid (chorioidea)
  • lamina suprachorioidea
  • choroid proper
    • outer layer (lamina vasculosa)
      • venae vorticosae
    • inner layer (lamina choriocapillaris)
      • stratum intermedium
  • Tapetum
• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
  • orbiculus ciliaris
  • ciliary processes (processus ciliares)

• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
  • ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
    • pars ciliaris retinae
  • Ciliaris muscle (m. ciliaris; Bowman's muscle)
    • meridional fibers and circular fibers

• Iris
  • pupil
  • anterior chamber
  • posterior chamber

• Iris
  • stroma (stroma iridis)
  • muscular fibers
    • circular fibers
    • radiating fibers
  • pars iridica retinae (uvea)

• Iris
  • membrana pupillaris

Retina (tunica interna)

• ora serrata

• pars ciliaris retinae and pars iridica retinae
• rhodopsin or visual purple
• macula lutea
• fovea centralis
• optic disk
• colliculus nervi optici
• blind spot
• Structure of retina
  • pigmented layer
• Retina proper
  • stratum opticum or layer of nerve fibers

• Retina proper
  • ganglionic layer
  • inner plexiform layer
  • inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
    • bipolar cells

• Retina proper
  • inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
    • rod bipolars
    • cone bipolars
    • horizontal cells
    • amacrine cells
  • outer plexiform layer
  • outer nuclear layer or layer of outer granules
    • rod granules
    • cone granules
  • Layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane)
    • rods
    • cones
• Supporting Frame-work of the Retina
  • sustentacular fibers of Müller
  • membrana limitans interna
  • membrana limitans externa
• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis

• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis
  • ora serrata
  • pars ciliaris retinae
  • pars iridica retinae or uvea
  • arteria centralis retinae

the refracting media ()

• Aqueous humor (humor aqueus)
• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
  • hyaloid fossa
  • hyaloid membrane
  • hyaloid canal
  • zonula ciliaris (zonule of Zinn)
  • suspensory ligament of the lens

• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
  • spatia zonularis (canal of Petit)
• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
  • capsule of the lens (capsula lentis)
  • lens
  • lens, poles of:

• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
  • radii lentis

the accessory organs of the eye ()

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Levator palpebræ superioris

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Recti
    • Rectus inferior
    • Rectus internus
    • Rectus lateralis
    • Rectus superior
    • Rectus medialis
  • annulus tendineus communis
    • ligament of Zinn or tendon of Zinn
    • superior tendon of Lockwood
  • Obliquus oculi superior (superior oblique)

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique)

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
  • Orbitalis muscle
• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
  • periscleral lymph space
  • medial check ligament and lateral check ligament

• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
  • suspensory ligament of the eye
• Orbital fascia
• Eyebrows (supercilia)
• Eyelids (palpebræ)
  • palpebral fissure (rima palpebrarum)
  • palpebral commissures or canthi
    • lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus)
    • medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus)
  • lacus lacrimalis
  • lacrimal papilla
  • punctum lacrimale
• eyelashes (cilia)
  • ciliary glands
• Structure of the Eyelids
• integument
• subcutaneous areolar tissue
• palpebral fibers of the Orbicularis oculi
• tarsi (tarsal plates)
  • superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate)
  • inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate)

• orbital septum (septum orbitale; palpebral ligament)
• Tarsal glands (glandulæ tarsales [Meibomi]; Meibomian glands)
• conjunctiva

• conjunctiva
  • Palpebral portion (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum)
    • plica semilunaris
    • superior fornix
    • inferior fornix
  • Bulbar portion (tunica conjunctiva bulbi)

• trachoma glands
• caruncula lacrimalis
  • lacus lacrimalis
  • plica semilunaris
• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
  • Lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)
    • superior lacrimal gland
    • inferior lacrimal gland
  • Lacrimal ducts (ductus lacrimalis; lacrimal canals)
    • puncta lacrimalia
    • papillae lacrimales
    • superior duct
    • inferior duct
    • ampullae
  • Lacrimal sac (saccus lacrimalis)

• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
  • Nasolacrimal duct (ductus nasolacrimalis; nasal duct)
    • plica lacrimalis (Hasneri)

the organ of hearing ()

• ear
• auditory plate
• auditory pit

• auditory vesicle

• Labyrinth: development of:

• middle ear
• auditory tube
• malleus
• incus
• stapes
• external acoustic meatus
• acoustic nerve
• vestibular ganglion
• spiral ganglion

the external ear ()

• external ear
• auricula (pinna)
  • Helix
  • auricular tubercle of Darwin
  • antihelix

• auricula (pinna)
  • fossa triangularis
  • concha
  • crus
  • cymba conchae
  • cavum conchae
  • tragus
  • intertragic notch
  • antitragus
  • lobule
  • eminentia conchae
  • eminentia triangularis
• Structure of auricula
  • cartilage of the auricula (cartilago auriculæ; cartilage of the pinna)
    • spina helicis
    • cauda helicis
    • fissura antitragohelicina
    • sulcus antihelicis transversus
    • ponticulus

• Structure of auricula
  • ligaments of the auricula (ligamenti auricularia; ligaments of the pinna)
  • Extrinsic muscles of external ear
    • Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem)
    • Auricularis superior (Attolens aurem)
    • Auricularis posterior (Retrahens aurem)
  • Intrinsic muscles of external ear
    • Helicis major
    • Helicis minor
    • Tragicus
    • Antitragicus
    • Transversus auriculae
    • Obliquus auriculae

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
  • isthmus
  • cartilaginous portion (meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus)
  • osseous portion (meatus acusticus externus osseus)

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
  • tympanic sulcus
  • annulus tympanicus
  • ceruminous glands

the middle ear or tympanic cavity ()

• middle ear

• tympanic cavity proper
• epitympanic recess
• Tegmental wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis)
  • tegmen tympani
• Jugular wall or Floor (paries jugularis)
  • fundus tympani
• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
  • notch of Rivinus
  • iter chordae posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae)
  • petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure)

• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
  • iter chordae anterius (canal of Huguier)
• Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani)
  • fibrocartilaginous ring
  • tympanic sulcus
  • malleolar folds
  • pars flaccida
  • umbo
• Structure
  • cutaneous stratum
  • fibrous stratum

• Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
  • fenestra vestibuli (fenestra ovalis)
  • fenestra cochleæ (fenestra rotunda)
  • secondary tympanic membrane

• Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
  • promontory (promontorium)
  • prominence of the facial canal (prominentia canalis facialis; prominence of aqueduct of Fallopius)
• mastoid or posterior wall (paries mastoidea)
  • entrance to the antrum
  • tympanic or mastoid antrum
  • mastoid air cells
  • pyramidal eminence (eminentia pyramidalis; pyramid)
  • fossa incudis
• Carotid or Anterior wall (paries carotica)
  • septum canalis musculotubarii
  • semicanal for the Tensor tympani (semicanalis m. tensoris tympani)
  • septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
• auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)

• auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)
  • osseous portion (pars osseo tubae auditivae)
  • cartilaginous portion (pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae)
    • torus tubarius
    • tube tonsil

the auditory ossicles ()

• Malleus
  • head (capitulum mallei)
  • cog-tooth (spur of the malleus)
  • neck (collum mallei)
  • manubrium mallei (handle)
  • anterior process (processus anterior; processus gracilis)
  • lateral process (processus lateralis; processus brevis)

• Incus
  • body (corpus incudis)
  • short crus (crus breve; short process)

• Incus
  • fossa incudis
  • long crus (crus longum; long process)
  • lenticular process

• Stapes
  • head (capitulum stapedis)
  • crura (crus anterius and crus posterius)
  • base (basis stapedis)

• Ligaments of the Ossicles (ligamenta ossiculorum auditus)
  • anterior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei anterius)
  • superior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei superius)
  • lateral ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei laterale; external ligament of the malleus)
  • axis ligament
  • posterior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis posterius)

• Ligaments of the Ossicles
  • superior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis superius)
  • annular ligament of the base of the stapes (lig. annulare baseos stapedis)

• Muscles of the Tympanic Cavity (musculi ossiculorum auditus)
  • Tensor tympani
  • Stapedius

• Mucous membrane of the Tympanic cavity
• pouch of Prussak
• recesses of Troltsch

• tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal (Jacobson's nerve)
• superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves
• smaller superficial petrosal nerve
• chorda tympani nerve

the internal ear or labyrinth ()

• internal ear (labyrinth)
• Osseous labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)
• Vestibule (vestibulum)

• Vestibule (vestibulum)
  • pyramid of the vestibule
  • fossa cochlearis
  • aquæductus vestibuli
  • ductus endolymphaticus
  • recessus ellipticus
  • macula cribrosa superior

• Bony semicircular canals (canales semicirculares ossei)
  • ampulla
  • superior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis superior)
  • crus commune
  • posterior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis posterior)
  • lateral or horizontal canal (canalis semicircularis lateralis; external semicircular canal)

• Cochlea
  • apex of cochlea (cupula)
  • osseous spiral lamina
  • basilar membrane
  • helicotrema
  • modiolus

• Cochlea
  • spiral canal of the modiolus
  • spiral ganglion (ganglion of Corti)
  • cupula
  • fenestra cochleae
  • secondary tympanic membrane
  • osseous spiral lamina (lamina spiralis ossea)
  • scala vestibuli
  • scala tympani
  • hamulus laminæ spiralis
  • helicotrema
  • secondary spiral lamina
  • vestibule fissure
  • perilymph
• Membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus)
  • perilymph
  • endolymph
• utricle (utriculus)
  • macula acustica utriculi

• utricle (utriculus)
  • ductus utriculosaccularis
• Saccule (sacculus)
  • macula acustica sacculi
  • ductus endolymphaticus
  • saccus endolymphaticus
  • canalis reuniens of Hensen
• Semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares; membranous semicircular canals)
  • septum transversum
• Structure
  • supporting cells
  • hair cells

• Structure
  • otoconia
• Ductus cochlearis (membranous cochlea; scala media)
• basilar membrane
• vestibular membrane
• ductus cochlearis (scala media)
• lagena
• canalis reuniens of Hensen
• spiral ligament
• basilar crest

• sulcus spiralis externus
• stria vascularis
• limbus laminæ spiralis
• sulcus spiralis internus
• vestibular lip
• tympanic lip
• auditory teeth

• Basilar membrane
  • zona arcuata
  • zona pectinata
  • vas spirale
• spiral organ of Corti
  • pillars of Corti

• spiral organ of Corti
  • tunnel of Corti
  • reticular membrane
• rods of Corti
  • phalangeal processes
• Hair cells

• Hair cells
  • cells of Deiters
  • phalangeal process
  • supporting cells of Hensen
  • cells of Claudius
  • space of Nuel
  • reticular lamina
  • phalanges
  • tectorial membrane
  • Hensen's stripe
  • acoustic nerve (n. acusticus; auditory nerve or nerve of hearing)
  • vestibular nerve (n. vestibularis)
  • vestibular ganglion (ganglion of Scarpa)

peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations ()

• Free nerve-endings
  • tactile disks

• special end-organs

• special end-organs
  • end-bulbs of Krause
  • genital corpuscles
  • articular end-bulbs
  • tactile corpuscles of Grandry
  • Pacinian corpuscles

• special end-organs
  • corpuscles of Herbst
  • corpuscles of Golgi and Mazzoni
  • tactile corpuscles of Wagner and Meissner
  • Corpuscles of Ruffini
  • neurotendinous spindles (organs of Golgi)
  • neuromuscular spindles

the common integument ()

• Integumentum Commune; Skin, integument
• epidermis, cuticle or scarf skin

• four layers
  • stratum mucosum (mucous layer)
    • stratum germinativum

• four layers
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum (horny layer)
    • keratin
• melanin

• Corium, Cutis vera, Dermis, or True skin
  • reticular layer (stratum reticulare; deep layer)
  • papillary layer (stratum papillare; superficial layer; corpus papillare of the corium)
    • papillæ

• Development
  • vernix caseosa
  • lanugo
• Appendages of the Skin
  • nails (ungues)
    • free edge
    • nail matrix
    • lunula of nails

• Appendages of the Skin
  • nails (ungues)
    • eponychium
  • Hairs (pili)
    • shaft or scapus
    • root of the hair (radix pili)
    • hair bulb
    • hair follicle
    • outer coat or dermic coat

• Appendages of the Skin
  • Hairs (pili)
    • inner coat or epidermic coat
      • outer root sheath and inner root sheath
      • Huxley's layer
      • Henle's layer

• Appendages of the Skin
  • Hairs (pili)
    • shaft of the hair (scapus pili)
    • cortex
    • cuticle
    • Arrectores pilorum
  • Sebaceous glands (glandulæ sebaceæ)
    • sebum cutaneum

• Appendages of the Skin
  • Sudoriferous glands or Sweat glands (glandulæ sudoriferæ)
    • areolar tissue
    • epithelium

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy
• List of images in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument