List of sovereign states in 1495
The notion of a sovereign state arises in the mid-16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.
Sovereign states
(under construction)
A
Aach - Lordship of Aach
- Free Imperial City of Aachen
Aalen - Free Imperial City of Aalen
– Adal Sultanate
– Sultanate of Algiers
– Kingdom of Alodia
- Duchy of Alsace
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Anhalt - Principality of Anhalt
Annam - Kingdom of Annam
Ansbach - Margraviate of Ansbach
– Aq Qoyunlu Federation
Aragon - Kingdom of Aragon
– Sultanate of Arakan
Armagnac - County of Armagnac
– Empire of Ashanti
– Kingdom of Assam
Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
Austria - Archduchy of Austria
Auvergne - County of Auvergne
Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
Aztec Empire – Aztec Empire
B
Baden - Margraviate of Baden
Bali - Sultanate of Bali
Bavaria - Duchy of Bavaria
Béarn – Viscountcy of Béarn
Bengal - Sultanate of Bengal
Benin – Benin Empire
– Kingdom of Bhadgaon
Bohemia - Kingdom of Bohemia
Bosnian Kingdom
Bourbonnais - Duchy of Bourbonnais
Brandenburg - March/Margraviate of Brandenburg
Bremen - Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
Brittany - Duchy of Brittany
- Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
C
Castille - Crown of Castille
Catalonia - Principality of Catalonia
Ceylon – Kotte Kingdom
Chagatai Khanate - Chagatai Khanate
Champa - Kingdom of Champa
– Cherokee Tribe
– Empire of the Great Ming
Cleves - Duchy of Cleves
Cologne - Electorate of Cologne
– Kingdom of Connaught
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
– Creek Tribe
Crimea – Crimean Khanate
D
– Sultanate of Deccan
– Sultanate of Delhi
E
– Kingdom of England
– Empire of Ethiopia
F
Ferrara – Duchy of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
– Kingdom of Fez
Florence – Republic of Florence
– Kingdom of France
– Funj Tribe
G
– Republic of Genoa
– Kingdom of Gondwana
– Golden Horde
– Sultanate of Gujarat
H
– Haasa Tribe
Ifriqiya – Ruled by the Hafsid dynasty
– Hawsa Tribe
– Sultanate of Hedjaz
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
– Huron Tribe
I
– Kingdom of Imereti, with autonomous vassals:
Guria – Principality of Guria
– Principality of Mingrelia, with vassal:
Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
– Principality of Svaneti
– Inca Empire
– Iroquois, the Nations
J
Japan – divided into small warring states
– Jolof Empire, with vassal:
- Waalo – Kingdom of Waalo
K
– Kingdom of Kaffa
– Kingdom of Kakheti
– Kalmar Union, consisting of
– Kingdom of Denmark
Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
– Empire of Kanem Bornu
– Kingdom of Kartli
– Sultanate of Kashmir
– Kingdom of Kathmandu
Kazakh Khanate – Kazakh Khanate
Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
– Sultanate of Khandesh
Knights of St. John – Knights of St. John
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
– Kotoko Kingdom
L
Lucca – Republic of Lucca
M
– Majapahit Empire
– Sultanate of Malacca
Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
– Mali Empire
– Sultanate of Malwa
Mamluk Sultanate – Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
– Kingdom of Mandara
– Kingdom of Manipur
– Maya Empire
Modena – Duchy of Modena
Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
– Mong Mao
– Sultanate of Morocco
– Kingdom of Mrauk U
– Khanate of Mughalistan
– Kingdom of Munster
– Kingdom of Mutapa
Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Moscow
Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
– Kingdom of Wakaner
N
– Kingdom of Najd
Naples – Kingdom of Naples
Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
– Kingdom of Nepal
O
– Sultanate of Oman
– Kingdom of Orissa
– Ottoman Empire, with vassals:
Crimea – Crimean Khanate
Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia
– Oyo Empire
P
Papal States – States of the Church
– Kingdom of Patan
– Kingdom of Pegu
Poland-Lithuania – Polish-Lithuanian Union, a personal union between:
Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with vassal:
– Duchy of Jagoldai
Poland – Kingdom of Poland
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Pskov – Pskov Feudal Republic
Q
– Federation of Qara Koyunlu
Qasim – Qasim Khanate
R
Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
– Kingdom of Rajputna
Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan
Ryūkyū – Ryūkyū Kingdom
S
Saaremaa – Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
Saluzzo – Marquisate of Saluzzo
– Principality of Samtskhe
– Most Serene Republic of San Marino
County of Santa Fiora
– Duchy of Savoy
– Kingdom of Scotland
– Kingdom of Shan
– Tribe of Shawnee
– Khanate of Sibir
Siena – Republic of Siena
– Sultanate of Sind
– Songhai Empire
Spain – Spain, a loose union between:
Aragon – Crown of Aragon, consisting of:
Aragon – Kingdom of Aragon
Catalonia – Principality of Catalonia
Majorca – Kingdom of Majorca
Sicily – Kingdom of Sicily
Valencia – Kingdom of Valencia
Castile and León – Crown of Castile, consisting of:
Castile – Kingdom of Castile
León – Kingdom of León
- – Kingdom of Sukhothai
– Sulu Sultanate
– Swahili Tribe
Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden
Switzerland - Swiss Confederacy
T
Tartu – Bishopric of Tartu
– Kingdom of Taungu
Teutonic Knights – Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
– Kingdom of Texcoco
– Tibet
- Timurid Empire
– Kingdom of Travancore
– Kingdom of Tripoli
Tunisia - Kingdom of Tunisia
Tuscany - Republic of Tuscany
Tyrone - Kingdom of Tyrone
U
– Earldom of Ulster
V
– Most Serene Republic of Venice
– Vijayanagara Empire
W
– Principality of Wallachia
– Wattasid Sultanate
Württemberg - Duchy of Württemberg
Würzburg - Bishopric of Würzburg
Y
– Kingdom of Yemen
Z
– Zapotec tribe
Zeta – Principality of Zeta