List of Proto-Semitic stems

This is a list of Proto-Semitic stems (triconsonantal roots and extensions) with their reflexes in several Semitic languages (i.e. actually-pronounced forms with vowels, as opposed to Semitic pure consonantal roots). Only stems attested in Akkadian, or with cognates in other Afro-Asiatic groups, can be confidently included in Proto-Semitic; others must be placed in West Semitic. There is some controversy in Semitic linguistics over the sibilants' pronunciation (see Proto-Semitic, Shin (letter)).

Proto-Semitic Stems

English	Akkadian	Hebrew	Syriac	Ge'ez	Mehri	Phoenician
earth
father
god				-	-
grape/wine	-	('wine')	-		-
house
husband						(> "master")
king			-	-	-
milk					-
name
peace
sun				-	-
tree					-	-
water

Body parts

English	Akkadian	Geez	Mehri	Phoenician
blood	-		-
eye				-
hand
heart
tongue
tooth		*	-	-

Animal names

English	Hebrew	Syriac	Geez	Mehri	Phoenician
bull	(> 'ox')	-		-
camel
dog				?
ewe		-	-	-	-

Note: "ś" is used to transliterate Ge'ez śin, which could represent either "ś" or "s," depending on the word and time period.

Proto-West-Semitic Stems

This is a list of cognates for which no Akkadian cognate is known or attested.

English	Arabic	Hebrew	Syriac	Geez	Mehri	Phoenician
wasp		(> "bee")		-	-	-
holy					-
son				-
white	(> "buttermilk")		-	-

External links

pt:Lista de raízes proto-semíticas