List of artifacts from the Southern Levant in the Royal Ontario Museum
Royal Ontario Museum has a relatively large collection of different objects from the Southern Levant. Most of them were discovered in Israel and West Bank, but some were also unearthed at Syria and Jordan. These artifacts mainly consist of pottery, clay figurines, and a plastered human skull. A large portion of the items was made out of earthenware. However, there are also significant number of objects made out of clay and wood. The artifacts’ dates can be classified into the following archaeological periods:
• Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (9600-8000 BP or 8800-7600 cal. BCE)
• Early Bronze Age (3300-2300 BC)
• Middle Bronze Age (2100-1550 BC)
• Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 BC)
• Iron Age (1300-600 BCE)
• Persian Period (539-334 BCE)
• Classical Period (140 BCE - 200 AD)
The objects provide scholars and the public with a brief snapshot of socio-cultural and religious practices that existed in the Southern Levant during the span of over three thousand years. Below are the list and brief information on the artifacts from the Southern Levant that belong to the Wirth Gallery of the Middle East at the ROM.
Neolithic
• Plastered Human Skull from Jericho, West Bank dates to around c. 8000 BC, was excavated at Jericho, West Bank. This object represents one of the earliest burial practices in the Southern Levant.
• Brick used in first known permanent dwellings was found Jericho, West Bank, and was made of unfired clay. The item dates to around 7000-6000 BC.
Early Bronze Age
• A juglet and a storage vessel with a pair of lugs were excavated at Jericho, West Bank. The artifacts date to 3rd millennium BC.
• An earthenware lamp with four lobes from Jerusalem also dates to the 3rd millennium BC.
Middle Bronze Age
• An earthenware mould for making fired-clay figurines of women dating to the early 2nd millennium BC was excavated in the Northern Syria. It was acquired by the ROM as a gift of Joey and Toby Tanenbaum.
• An earthenware beaker/ cup with handle dates to around 14th - 13th century BC. The object was probably excavated in either Israel or West Bank.
• Wooden table fragments from a grave were found at Jericho, West Bank. They date to circa 1700-1500 BC, corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age II. These burnt fragments of a table serve as an example for the types of furnishings and vessels that were found in graves with provisions for the afterlife.
• An earthenware storage vessel with a pair of handles was probably found in either Israel or West Bank. The item dates to 18th - 16th century BC.
• An earthenware bowl with carination dating to 18th - 16th century BC was found at Jericho, West Bank.
• A figurine depicting a horse and a rider dating to circa 1990-1600 BC was discovered in Syria. The object was presented to the ROM as a gift of Joey and Toby Tanenbaum.
Late Bronze Age
• An earthenware vessel in the form of a bull was discovered at Gezer. The item dates to 16th - 14th century BC.
• A jug with linear design from Israel or West Bank dates to second millennium BC. Being made from earthenware, its slip paint is rich in iron. The item belongs to the Walter Massey Collection.
• Female Figurine dating to the second millennium BC was found Syria. The item was made from modeled, appliquéd, and sprigged earthenware.
• An earthenware bottle/ flask with a handle dating to 16th - 14th century BC was found in either Israel or West Bank. The item belongs to the Walter Massey Collection.
• Bottle with handles and linear design dating to 14th -13th century BC was found in Jericho, West Bank. Iron-rich slip paint was applied to the object.
• An earthenware bowl dating to 14th - 13th century BC was discovered at Bayt Shams, Israel.
• An earthenware bowl with a rounded base dating to 14th - 13th century BC was found in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware beaker/cup with a handle dating to 14th - 13th century was found Israel or West Bank.
Iron Age
• An earthenware storage vessel with a pair of handles dating to the early 1st millennium BC was found in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware bowl or chalice dating to 9th - 8th century BC was probably found in Ayn Shams, Israel.
• An earthenware figurine depicting a horse and a rider dates to 6th century BC, corresponding to Iron Age III. The origins of the items are unclear. The artifacts could have been found in Syria, Israel, West Bank or Jordan.
• An aquamanile vessel for washing hands in the form of a saddled horse was found in one of the following regions: Syria, Israel, West Bank or Jordan.
• A female figurine dating to circa 500 BC was found in Syria, Israel, or West Bank. The item was made of earthenware.
• An earthenware figurine depicting Mother Goddess was found Syria, Israel or West Bank. The item dates to c.800-700 BC.
Persian Period
• A lamp dating to 3rd century BC was Israel or West Bank. Being made out of molded earthenware, the item represents artifacts from the Seleucid dynasty.
Classical Period
• An earthenware cooking pot with handles dating to circa 100 BC - AD 100 was found Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware vessel with s strainer and pointed spout dating to 100 BC - AD 100 was discovered in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware cup with handles dating to 40-70 AD was found Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware lamp with multiple wicks dating to 100-200 AD was found in Israel or West Bank. The item has molded relief decoration.
• Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (9600-8000 BP or 8800-7600 cal. BCE)
• Early Bronze Age (3300-2300 BC)
• Middle Bronze Age (2100-1550 BC)
• Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 BC)
• Iron Age (1300-600 BCE)
• Persian Period (539-334 BCE)
• Classical Period (140 BCE - 200 AD)
The objects provide scholars and the public with a brief snapshot of socio-cultural and religious practices that existed in the Southern Levant during the span of over three thousand years. Below are the list and brief information on the artifacts from the Southern Levant that belong to the Wirth Gallery of the Middle East at the ROM.
Neolithic
• Plastered Human Skull from Jericho, West Bank dates to around c. 8000 BC, was excavated at Jericho, West Bank. This object represents one of the earliest burial practices in the Southern Levant.
• Brick used in first known permanent dwellings was found Jericho, West Bank, and was made of unfired clay. The item dates to around 7000-6000 BC.
Early Bronze Age
• A juglet and a storage vessel with a pair of lugs were excavated at Jericho, West Bank. The artifacts date to 3rd millennium BC.
• An earthenware lamp with four lobes from Jerusalem also dates to the 3rd millennium BC.
Middle Bronze Age
• An earthenware mould for making fired-clay figurines of women dating to the early 2nd millennium BC was excavated in the Northern Syria. It was acquired by the ROM as a gift of Joey and Toby Tanenbaum.
• An earthenware beaker/ cup with handle dates to around 14th - 13th century BC. The object was probably excavated in either Israel or West Bank.
• Wooden table fragments from a grave were found at Jericho, West Bank. They date to circa 1700-1500 BC, corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age II. These burnt fragments of a table serve as an example for the types of furnishings and vessels that were found in graves with provisions for the afterlife.
• An earthenware storage vessel with a pair of handles was probably found in either Israel or West Bank. The item dates to 18th - 16th century BC.
• An earthenware bowl with carination dating to 18th - 16th century BC was found at Jericho, West Bank.
• A figurine depicting a horse and a rider dating to circa 1990-1600 BC was discovered in Syria. The object was presented to the ROM as a gift of Joey and Toby Tanenbaum.
Late Bronze Age
• An earthenware vessel in the form of a bull was discovered at Gezer. The item dates to 16th - 14th century BC.
• A jug with linear design from Israel or West Bank dates to second millennium BC. Being made from earthenware, its slip paint is rich in iron. The item belongs to the Walter Massey Collection.
• Female Figurine dating to the second millennium BC was found Syria. The item was made from modeled, appliquéd, and sprigged earthenware.
• An earthenware bottle/ flask with a handle dating to 16th - 14th century BC was found in either Israel or West Bank. The item belongs to the Walter Massey Collection.
• Bottle with handles and linear design dating to 14th -13th century BC was found in Jericho, West Bank. Iron-rich slip paint was applied to the object.
• An earthenware bowl dating to 14th - 13th century BC was discovered at Bayt Shams, Israel.
• An earthenware bowl with a rounded base dating to 14th - 13th century BC was found in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware beaker/cup with a handle dating to 14th - 13th century was found Israel or West Bank.
Iron Age
• An earthenware storage vessel with a pair of handles dating to the early 1st millennium BC was found in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware bowl or chalice dating to 9th - 8th century BC was probably found in Ayn Shams, Israel.
• An earthenware figurine depicting a horse and a rider dates to 6th century BC, corresponding to Iron Age III. The origins of the items are unclear. The artifacts could have been found in Syria, Israel, West Bank or Jordan.
• An aquamanile vessel for washing hands in the form of a saddled horse was found in one of the following regions: Syria, Israel, West Bank or Jordan.
• A female figurine dating to circa 500 BC was found in Syria, Israel, or West Bank. The item was made of earthenware.
• An earthenware figurine depicting Mother Goddess was found Syria, Israel or West Bank. The item dates to c.800-700 BC.
Persian Period
• A lamp dating to 3rd century BC was Israel or West Bank. Being made out of molded earthenware, the item represents artifacts from the Seleucid dynasty.
Classical Period
• An earthenware cooking pot with handles dating to circa 100 BC - AD 100 was found Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware vessel with s strainer and pointed spout dating to 100 BC - AD 100 was discovered in Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware cup with handles dating to 40-70 AD was found Israel or West Bank.
• An earthenware lamp with multiple wicks dating to 100-200 AD was found in Israel or West Bank. The item has molded relief decoration.
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