Duchy of Sumenep

Duchy of Sumenep, also known as Duchy of East Madura or Madura Wetan, was a Madurese principality that once controlled the eastern part of the island of Madura (currently Pamekasan and Sumenep), including the islands off the coast of Strait of Madura and Bali Sea (incl. Sapudi and Kangean). The center of government is currently in the town of Sumenep.

History

Founded in 1269 by a relative of King Kertanegara of Singasari named Aria Wiraraja, this region was under the direct supervision of the Singasari and later, the Majapahit.

In 1559, during the reign of Kanjeng Tumenggung Aria Kanduruwan, this region located in eastern part of Madura was under the influence of the Demak Sultanate and only during the reign of Prince Lor II did the ruling area of the Duchy of Sumenep come under the direct supervision of the Mataram Sultanate. Previously, it was from the Pajang Sultanate which was a sibling of the Demak Sultanate which came from the descendants, up to Brawijaya VII, namely Raden Hadiwijaya (Joko Tingkir), another word for Mas Karebet, around Surakarta to the east.

Then in 1883, the Dutch East Indies government began to abolish the previous system (self-governing), the rulers of Madura (Bangkalan and Sumenep) were managed directly by the Nederland Indische Regening with the appointment of a regent. Since then, the duchy government system in Sumenep ended and changed to a regency government.

The Famous relics of the Sumenep Duchy that can still be seen today include the Sumenep Palace, Great Mosque of Sumenep, and Asta Tinggi which are located in the town of Sumenep.

Government structure

The government structure in the Duchy of Sumenep during the Mataram Sultanate used an organizational pattern similar to the government pattern in the Mataram Sultanate as its center. The lebet government in this area only includes the State Building, Palace Court, Kapengulon (), Paseban (), and Palace Household. In addition, village government in the Sumenep area is divided into several village groups, including Daleman, Percaton, and Perdikan.

The entry of the Dutch government into Sumenep also influenced the government system there, as the beginning of the relationship between the VOC and the government in the Duchy of Sumenep had actually been going on before the Prince Puger agreement in 1705. However, because at that time the situation within the Mataram Sultanate was unstable, in 1705, the VOC imposed its will regarding political power in eastern part of Madura on Susuhunan Pakubuwana I so that an agreement was reached between The Two parties, and finally the regions of Sumenep and Pamekasan were given to the VOC.

During its occupation of Sumenep, the region's status remained that of a duchy. The VOC did not immediately change the system of governance in this region, palace nobles are still entrusted with ruling their people with certain conditions signed by both parties. The colonial government only supervised by placing a representative in Sumenep. Other VOC influences also had an impact on the development of architecture in Sumenep, Most of the government buildings and noble houses in Sumenep are more or less influenced by European style elements.

As time went by, the Dutch East Indies government began to restrict some of the duke's policies, until in 1883, the colonial government began to issue regulations that abolished native government. As a result, the Sumenep region, which since 1269 was a duchy region, the government system must be abolished and allowances given to the nobles so as not to cause unrest. After the abolition of the dukedom in Sumenep, so at that time this region began to be governed directly by the Nederland Indische Regening by appointing a regent.

List of rulers

The following is a list of the rulers of the Duchy of Sumenep from its founding until it ceased to be sovereign.

See also

• Aria Wiraraja
• Keraton Sumenep
• Sumenep Regency