Dissociative identity disorder in popular culture

Dissociative identity disorder (DID, also referred to as multiple personality disorder) has been popularized in many works of fiction throughout the world. The topic has attracted the attention of professional scholars. This article provides a list of references to DID and MPD in fiction.

Books and short stories

• In James Hogg's 1824 novel "The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner," a young Calvinist named Robert Wringhim encounters a shapeshifting devil-figure who goads him into murdering supposed sinners. When Wringhim suffers a brief crisis of conscience, he develops a "second self" who continues to [...] during long memory blackouts.
• In Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde the scientist Dr. Henry Jekyll artificially separates his good and evil natures, causing him to switch between two separate personalities through the consumption of a potion of his own creation.
• In J.R.R Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings books the character Gollum/Sméagol has a personality split. The evil one, called Gollum, and the nicer Sméagol. He is controlled by both at different times, and the two identities have debates and talks with each other.
• Shirley Jackson's 1954 novel The Birds' Nest, which was made into a 1957 movie called Lizzie, was about a young woman with multiple personalities. Jackson created the character by interviewing a local psychiatrist who had had one multiple client. Many plot elements in this book later found their way into The Three Faces of Eve and Sybil, ostensibly nonfiction narratives. According to Jackson's biographer, the "Lizzie" film pleased neither Jackson nor the psychiatrist who was her source.
• The Three Faces of Eve is a 1957 book by Hervey Cleckley and Corbett Thigpen, later turned into a film, loosely based on the true story of Chris Costner-Sizemore.
• Mary Leader's 1973 thriller novel Triad features a woman who is not sure if she is multiple or being haunted by the ghost of her dead cousin.
• In the 1981 short story What T and I Did by Fred Saberhagen, the viewpoint character has a second self who was seemingly created by, or discovered subsequent to, radical brain surgery.
• Regina's Song by David Eddings features a character who is one of identical twins. After the [...] of her sister, she has lost her own identity, described as a fugue state. However, there is question whether this is due to psychological or supernatural causes.
• The short story "Multiples" by Robert Silverberg (1983) describes a future where multiples form a subculture similar to the gay community today. A singleton (a person with one personality) fakes multiplicity to attract a multiple partner, and ultimately attempts to fragment her personality to become multiple herself.
• Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, begun in 1983, includes a number of multiples. Probably the most familiar to readers is the beggar Altogether Andrews who has multiple distinct personalities – none of which are named Andrews – each with his or her own memories and manner of speaking. Other multiples in Pratchett's work include Agnes and Perdita, and Miss Pickles and Miss Pointer in Thud.
• Mary Higgins Clark's 1992 novel All Around the Town is the story of a young woman who is believed to have committed a [...]. Psychiatric sessions reveal that as a young girl she was kidnapped and molested, so that now she has stereotypical MPD.
• The 1992 novel Fools by Pat Cadigan is set in a high-tech future when additional personalities of various kinds can be added and removed at will.
• Pat Barker's 1993 novel The Eye in the Door deals with numerous "splits" in the human life and psyche during wartime. The main character, Billy Prior, has a number of such "splits", but deals mostly with his obvious and sinister second self. Referred to in the book as a "fugue state", this self appears to have been created to complete the tasks Billy can't bring himself to do, like fight in France or work as an intelligence agent.
• Chuck Palahniuk's 1996 book Fight Club revolves around the bizarre relationship between the mild-mannered protagonist and his radical, anti-consumerist, anarcho-primitivistic alternate personality. The book presents a very idiosyncratic version of MPD in which the identity manifests itself either conterminous to the multiple (as an audiovisual hallucination), or a more realistic version manifesting while the multiple believes he is sleeping.
• Sidney Sheldon's book Tell Me Your Dreams (1998) is about a woman, Ashley, who has two other selves, Toni and Alette. Each of the women has dynamically different characteristics. A string of vicious murders seem to follow her, and the police must work hard to find out who is behind them.
• The 2003 book Set This House In Order by Matt Ruff concerns two people with classical, stereotyped MPD on a journey of self-discovery.
• In the 2003 novel Thr3e by Ted Dekker, the main character has three different personalities: himself, a childhood friend, and the villain.
• Mosaic by John R. Maxim is about a government experiment using multiples in an attempt to create the perfect assassin.
• The 2006 novel Blindsight by Peter Watts features, among other posthuman characters, a linguist with deliberately-induced multiple personalities brought about by brain surgery; collaboration by her alters allows her to decipher new languages at tremendous speed.
• Robert Ludlum's novel The Bourne Identity centers around Jason Bourne, an amnesiac who is really a former U.S. Special Forces officer named David Webb. Webb adopted the false identity of Bourne in order to catch international assassin Carlos the Jackal. Due to a severe headwound and subsequent amnesia, Webb forgets his real name and the Bourne personality becomes a distinct person. In the second book, The Bourne Supremacy, the Bourne and Webb personalities fight during a mission over what to do.
• In the Captain Underpants series, Mr. Krupp can be said to have a split personality as a result of hypnosis. Whenever he hears the sound of fingers snapping, he immediately becomes the title character. If he comes into contact with water as his alter-ego, he reverts back to his usual mean self.
• In Stephen King's book series, The Dark Tower, one of the main characters Susannah Dean has stereotypical split personalities. Her other personalities are a gentle, proper woman named Odetta Holmes, and a rude, vulgar, racist, and violent woman named Detta Walker. These two personalities fuse to become Susannah Dean. When she becomes pregnant, she adopts a new personality named Mia. There is also a dangerously insane A.I. program named "Blaine," who controls a monorail train, with a timid alternate personality named "little Blaine."
• The 2008 novel Identical by Ellen Hopkins is another story of possession by a dead sibling, which is sometimes interpreted as multiple personalities.
• In the Halo novel "The Flood", a Flood-infested marine constantly struggles to be understood while "hiding," mentally, from an alien, which he calls "the Other", and which has possessed him.

Movies and television

• In the television film Sybil, based on the novel by Flora Rheta Schreiber, a young woman is found to have at least 16 separate personalities. The fictionalized case of "Sybil", loosely based on the life of Shirley Ardell Mason, has become the iconic image of MPD/DID for most of the American public.
• In the 1975 television film Trilogy of Terror, the second segment concerns the rivalry of two sisters who turn out to be sharing a body. A similar story is the subject of an episode of Magnum, P.I.
• Latka, one of Andy Kaufman's characters from the sitcom Taxi, was characterised as having multiple personalities. The normally shy Latka sometimes presents as womanizing Vic Ferrari. In at least one episode he assumes the personality of the main character of Taxi, Alex Reiger.
• Norman Bates in the 1960 film Psycho (adapted from Robert Bloch's 1959 novel) can be said to have dual personalities, since he has internalized his dead mother.
• David Fincher's 1999 film Fight Club (film) based on the novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk.
• Mort Rainey in the 2004 film Secret Window (adapted from Stephen King's novel) has dual personalities, coexisting with John Shooter.
• Multiple personalities are a catalyst for numerous storyliness on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live since its premiere in 1968. The lead character Victoria Lord (Erika Slezak) has been multiple since her adolescence. Originally she had only one other alter, Niki Smith, who challenged her in a stereotyped "constant struggle for dominance". In the mid-1990s Victoria's multiplicity was brought into line with then-current beliefs about so-called DID and she was given a vast array of alters and a back story involving childhood trauma. Victoria's daughter Jessica Buchanan (Bree Williamson) has also had to deal with a troublesome second personality, Tess. Recently a third alter, Bess, has emerged.
• The 1992 film Raising Cain is about a child psychologist who turns out to be harboring several personalities in stereotyped fashion. The cause of his mental disease is said to be mind control experiments performed on him as a small child by his father.
• The 1994 film Color of Night, starring Bruce Willis, the 1996 movies Primal Fear and Shattered Mind, 1995's Never Talk to Strangers and 2001's Session 9, and the 2003 thriller Identity feature multiple personalities and explore the idea of responsibility for another personality's actions. The multiples in these films are characterized stereotypically as meek, peaceful people housing violent, psychopathic alternate personalities.
• In the 1996 comedy film The Nutty Professor, overweight professor Sherman Klump (played by Eddie Murphy) creates a potion to lose weight. He succeeds, but finds that the potion only works for short periods. Wanting to keep the potion a secret until he perfects it, he calls himself "Buddy Love" when he is using it. Able to do all sorts of things he couldn't enjoy as a fat man, "Buddy" (also played by Murphy) becomes an independent personality.
• Me, Myself and Irene (2000) starring Jim Carrey as Charlie Baileygates and Hank Evans, is a slapstick farce about a man who becomes a "split personality" after suppressing angers and frustrations for years. After his wife leaves him and more of these frustrations build, Charlie hits his breaking point and becomes Hank, an alter that shows his anger to the fullest degree.
• The 2005 film Hide and Seek features a young girl with an "imaginary friend". When she attributes murders and bizarre events to the doings of her companion, we are to assume she is multiple and that her second self is committing all the horrors. Instead, it is her psychologist father whose personality abruptly split, true Jekyll-and-Hyde style, after catching his wife with another man.
• In the Drawn Together episode "Xandir and Tim, Sitting in a Tree", Captain Hero creates new personalities as an outlet for the parts of himself he does not want to acknowledge. One of his selves, Tim Tommerson, exists as a means to explore Hero's repressed homosexuality and his possible romantic feelings for his roommate Xandir (Xandir also mentions another personality of a Latino gang member).
• Screenwriters Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Peter Jackson portrayed Gollum in The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003) as having a split personality. In certain scenes, Sméagol, his "good" personality, argues with Gollum, his "bad" personality. Author J.R.R. Tolkien did not include this subtext, although he had several characters dialoguing with themselves when conflicted.
• French Stewart played a multiple in an episode of Becker entitled "Papa Does Preach".
• The popular sitcom Barney Miller guest-starred Stefan Gierasch as a multiple in the episode "Power Failure", which initially aired December 9, 1976.
• In X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), mutant Jean Grey is described as having developed a split personality as a result of mental barriers placed in her mind by her mentor, Professor Xavier. This "creature" represented all her primal urges, and called itself "Phoenix". In X-Men: Evolution, two characters are subject to DID at some point in the series. Rogue suffers from it after her accumulation of psyches overwhelms her and she loses her sanity. Legion, or David, Xavier's son has multiple personalities, each with a particular mutant ability.
• The NBC TV series Heroes features a character, Niki Sanders with two other selves referred as Jessica and Gina. Niki appears to be "talking to herself", but is actually arguing and fighting for control with Jessica.
• On Smallville Lana Lang was once possessed by a direct ancestor of her family named Margaret Isobel Thoreaux, a 16th-century witch. When exposed to red kryptonite, Clark Kent manifested a secondary personality who lacked Clark's usual inhibitions and restraints when using his powers and in daily life; on another occasion, he was mentally programmed to become a Kryptonian personality known as Kal-El. Black kryptonite was used to separate Clark and Kal-El into two separate bodies.
• In an episode of the USA Network series Psych, (2006) the main character confronts a [...] with typically theatrical split personalities.
• Various episodes of popular TV shows such as X-Files, Psi Factor and Judging Amy, use the idea of multiples with a hidden "killer personality". The film Saimin plays on this idea with one personality being a demonic possession by a malevolent incarnation of the Monkey King; the Touched by an Angel episode "Loser" states that multiples are possessed by demons. The Babylon 5 episode "Divided Loyalties" (1993) postulates a hidden killer personality programmed into the mind of a telepathic woman and triggered by a telepathically sent password.
• The 2005 Tamil film Anniyan, directed by S. Shankar, portrays Ambi, a straightlaced lawyer who gives way to Remo, a ramp-walk model, and Anniyan, a 'grim reaper' who brutally assassinates lawbreakers.
• In the Malayalam film Manichithrathazhu, a woman named Ganga changes into a ghost; she is not frightened, but rather inspired, wanting to learn more about this spirit. The film has been adapted in several other Indian languages such as Bhool Bhulaiyaa in Hindi, Chandramukhi in Tamil, Apthamitra in Kannada, and Rajmohol in Bengali. In Chandramukhi, her condition is referred to as "split personality syndrome."
• In E.R , episode "Jigsaw", and in the Nip/Tuck episode "Montana / Sassy / Justice", patients are portrayed with stereotypical dissociative disorders.
• Jacqueline Hyde, a villain in the game show Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?, is a teenager with (as usual) a sweet, innocent personality and an insane, evil personality. Her voice alternates along with her personality between soft-spoken and loud and "modulated."
• Professional wrestler Mick Foley uses multiple personalities as a gimmick: party animal Dude Love, sado-masochistic psycho Cactus Jack, and deranged but childlike Mankind. They are sometimes referred to as The Three Faces of Foley, with Mick being depicted as the fourth and 'real' Foley. The names for his alter egos were coined for a home video release focusing on the three different characters.
• In 2008, TNA Wrestling held a storyline involving Dustin Rhodes in which he was struggling with a dark alter-ego known as Black Reign where he switched back and forth from himself who was a Face and Black Reign who was a Heel.
• "Alternate", the season nine premiere of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit is a takeoff on Primal Fear.
• In Code Monkeys, Todd shares his body with Pardue, a Dungeons & Dragons fan who thinks the everyday world is part of a role-playing game world and is unaware of Todd's existence, and Tiffany, Todd and Pardue's nymphomaniac "girlfriend".
• In the television show CSI:, Catherine Willows comes into contact with a killer named Tammy Felton who was kidnapped as a child, when her name was Melissa Marlowe. In order to escape punishment, Melissa/Tammy pretends to be multiple.
• In the television show Criminal Minds, Special Agent Spencer Reid is kidnapped by a serial killer named Tobias Hankles. The killer's [...] addiction, along with mounting pressure from his abusive father, causes him to "snap" and take on two other personalities, that of his now deceased father and the Archangel Raphael. (season two, episode fifteen)
• The film Haute Tension (Switchblade Romance) ends with a "killer multiple" revelation.
• In the cartoon Transformers: Animated, the Decepticon Blitzwing has three separate personalities and faces to match: a calm strategist with a blue face and monocle, a hot-headed fighter with a red face and visor, and a childish psychopath with a jack-o-lantern like face.
• In the cartoon Beavis and Butt-head, Beavis has a separate identity, the Great Cornholio, who usually surfaces when he consumes a large amount of sugar or caffeine, or occasionally in moments of extreme anger.
• In the TV show Buffy the Vampire Slayer, at the end of Season Six, Willow Rosenberg refers to herself as two people, before and after her introduction to "dark magic". Viewers are meant to understand that her "two selves" are a product of her personal self-insight and of her exposure to dark magic.
• In an episode of The Mod Squad, Carolyn Jones played a woman with two personalities, one of which was the stereotypical passive "good girl", while the other was a psychotic who had put out a contract on the "good" one.
• In the TV show Psych Episode "Who Ya Gonna Call" a mans alter Ego "Regina" may have witnessed a [...], and Shawn and Gus need to trigger his alter to interview her.
• Showtime's United States of Tara is about a mother of two who actually is diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder. Refusing to take medication to "suppress" her other selves (a medical impossibility), she evidences four selves. Some of the selves share memories with the others. Her family behaves as if these selves are guests.
• In My Bloody Valentine 3D, Tom Hanniger (Jensen Ackles) shares a body with murderous Harry Warden.
• In an episode of American Dad!, Roger discovers that he has a second personality named Sidney. After numerous ridiculous incidents, Roger kills Sidney.
• In episode 4.20 of Criminal Minds, the team encounters a young man who they discover has a vengeful second personality which appears to have resulted as a method of coping with abuse he suffered from his father as a child.
• In the television show My Own Worst Enemy, the plot revolves mainly around this topic.

Manga and anime

• In the popular Japanese manga MPD Psycho, made into a TV miniseries directed by Takashi Miike, a police detective who is multiple is tracking down a serial killer who is also multiple, and fears that the clues point to one of the people in his own system as the [...].
• In the anime Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, one of the main characters, Lady Une, has two separate personalities, a ruthless and cruel military officer ("Col. Une"), and a caring advocate of peace ("Saint Une"). They're easy to distinguish by their clothing and manners. The two sides are reconciled into one after she is shot and nearly killed; she goes into a coma and emerges as one person. The now psychologically complete and emotionally stable "Lady Une" helps end the war, establishes the Preventors, and adopts Mariemaia Khushrenada (Treize Khushrenada's daughter) as her own.
• In InuYasha, Suikotsu of the Shichi'nintai (Band of Seven) has two personalities: a good and peaceful doctor, and a ruthless mass [...]. At first the Good Doctor is the dominant one, with Evil Suikotsu relegated to his subconscious; as the story advances, Evil Suikotsu takes over more frequently, and later becomes the dominant one.
• In the anime Sukisho, the two main characters develop alternate personalities as a result of abuse in a scientific experiment.
• The anime film Kara no Kyōkai depicts the main character Shiki as having split personalities, having the feminine side (式Shiki) and her masculine side (織Shiki)
• In the anime and manga Cardcaptor Sakura, Yukito Tsukishiro famously exhibits signs of MPD after his "true personality", Yue, emerges. It is a fairly stereotypical display, including memory loss and radical differences between both personalities despite them sharing similarities.
• In the anime and manga D.N.Angel, the main character, Daisuke Niwa, has genetically inherited a separate personality, Dark. While Daisuke is shy and unsure of himself, Dark is flirtatious and confident. Acting as an antithesis, Satoshi Hiwatari has inherited a second self called Krad. While Satoshi is relatively calm and quiet, Krad is (of course) a sadistic homicidal sociopath.
• In the anime and manga Yu-Gi-Oh!, the main character, Yugi Mutou, has a second personality, Yami no Yūgi (meaning "Dark Yugi") later revealed to be the long dead pharaoh Atem. Atem seems to have Yugi's best interest at heart, and the two cooperate and share achievements and goals. Yugi's friend Ryo Bakura has a similar alternate personality, Yami no Bakura ("Dark Bakura"), that is thought to be a long dead tomb robber and king of thieves from ancient Egypt. Bakura's second self is manipulative, self-serving, and sadistic even toward Bakura himself. Since Yami Yugi and Yami Bakura had been actual persons who died, their spirits trapped inside the Millennium items, Yugi Mutou and Ryo Bakura can best be said to be hosting walk-in spirits.
• Another character in Yu-Gi-Oh!, Marik Ishtar, develops a more theatrically typical form of DID during his childhood, due to traumatic events (namely, his isolation from the real world and his father's mistreatment of him, his sister Isis, and his adoptive brother Rishid/Odion). The psychotic alter ego still goes by the name Marik, but it's made very clear that the two are separate personalities. After being defeated, Marik regains control of himself.
• In Yu-Gi-Oh! GX, Sartorius (Takuma Saiou) and Pro League king, The D (DD), develop destructive split personalities after being exposed to an alien energy.
• In YuYu Hakusho, the villain of the Chapter Black Saga, Shinobu Sensui, has developed seven personalities after witnessing the death of weaker demons by humans. These seven personalities help him achieve Sacred Energy, because their presence shortens the training from 49 years to 7 years. They each have their own names and characteristics: 'Minoru' is intellectual and charismatic, Kazuya is sadistic and bloodthirsty, Naru is a girly-girl, etc.
• The character Lucy from Elfen Lied had MPD since childhood. Later in the series, her disorder is revealed to have been caused by head trauma from a sniper's bullet. The "Lucy" personality is a wicked, violent sadist, while the other, "Nyuu", is kind and innocent.
• Kozue Aoba of Mahoraba has five personalities who differ drastically from one another.
• The character Hatsuharu Sohma from Fruits Basket who is usually calm, well mannered, and soft spoken has another personality that his other family members call Black Haru, a violent [...] deviant. It originated because of being teased a lot when he was young. One of Haru's cousins, Kagura Sohma, is usually kind, shy and sweet, but also has another personality, which has a violent temper that is second only to Hatsuharu's.
• Momoka Nishizawa from Sgt. Frog has two different selves who work very well together without memory loss, although one is much more confident and manipulative than the other. Tamama also appears to have a split personality, but it is unknown if he has two "Alters" or this is just a sudden change in emotion. Momoka's mother also appears to have this personality trait (or traits) as her daughter.
• In both the manga and anime versions of 3x3 Eyes, all members of the Sanjiyan race have two selves.
• Lunch in Dragon Ball has two different selves which alternate whenever she sneezes. The normal Lunch has blue hair and is kind and sweet, but her other self is a gun-toting blonde.
• In Hellsing, one of the Vatican's assassins, Yumiko has another personality, Yumie Takagi. In stereotypical fashion, Yumiko is somewhat of a coward, while Yumie is a ruthless killer. Yumiko does not appear in Hellsing proper, but this does not negate her presence, since she only appears in battle.
• The character Akito from the manga and anime Air Gear has a separate self called Agito. Akito is a kind, gentle boy, while Agito is his stronger, darker, bloodthirsty side. Akito and Agito are aware of each other's presences. They signal that they are trading places by shifting an eyepatch from one eye to the other. When the right eye is covered, Akito is running the body; if the left eye is covered, Agito is in charge. They can share memories and information, especially if it's of particular interest to the other, but also hide information from each other with a bit of effort.
• Yaya, the main character in the manga Othello, has an alternate personality named Nana. Nana initially comes out if Yaya sees her reflection or suffers a head injury, but is able to take the body more easily as the story progresses. Eventually, Nana leaves Yaya.
• In Paranoia Agent, the episode "Double Lips" features Harumi Chono, tutor of Lil' Slugger's victim Yuichi Taira. She has an alternate personality named Maria. In the time-honored fashion, Harumi is a modest, reserved, and shy tutor and assistant, while Maria is a wild prostitute who comes out at night. The two communicate through Harumi's answering machine. Maria "wants to be free" and this results in a battle for dominance that escalates when Harumi gets engaged.
• In Mega Man Star Force and its anime and manga equivalents, the character Tsukasa Futaba (English Pat Sprigs) has an evil self named Hikaru (Rey). When he fuses with his FM partner Gemini, both personalities become two separate entities.
• In Bleach, Kurosaki Ichigo develops an Inner Hollow, a literal "inner deamon", forming into a separate personality. The Inner Hollow tries to take over during later battles but is subdued with training.
• In Perfect Blue, the main character Mima plays a character in the TV drama Double Bind who splits after being raped, in order to repress the memories and "save her soul". The second self identifies as a model, and proceeds to commit a number of gruesome murders, which forms the main storyline of the drama. Mima's manager, Rumi, also seems to have a Jekyll-and-Hyde type split personality. She identifies herself as 'the real Mima' and denounces Mima as an impostor. She then commits a series of murders echoing Double Bind.
• In Sayonara Zetsubō Sensei, one of the female students, Kaere Kimura, has MPD after undergoing mental trauma from having to adapt to the customs of the separate countries she visited as an exchange student. Her main personality, Kaere, resembles that of a stereotypical foreigner who flashes her panties and constantly threatens to sue others, while her second self, Kaede, is gentle, easily embarrassed and generally possesses the traits of a yamato nadeshiko.
• In Samurai Deeper Kyo, two of the main character's personalities inhabit the same body. Kyoshiro (the gentler of the two) switched personality with Demon Eyes Kyo when he draws his sword. As the plot progresses, Kyo becomes dominant, but Kyoshiro often takes over when Kyo's life is threatened by an enemy he cannot defeat.
• In Mobile Suit Gundam 00, the character Allelujah Haptism developed another personality named Hallelujah as a result of the experiments done to his mind during his childhood in order to make him a Supersoldier. The Hallelujah persona is aggressive, cold and sadistic in contrast to Allelujah. When they switch personalities, Allelujah's fringe of hair covering his right side of the face switches to the left, concealing his grayish left eye and exposing his gold right eye. Allelujah is most likely heterochromic, because both personalities combine at the season one finale as the result of a near-fatal battle.
• In Shigofumi, Fumika developed another personality after abuse from her father.
• In Kaori Yuki's gothic manga Earl Cain, the character Riff is developed by DELILAH to be loyal and loving to Cain, while his true personality is a very evil man. While Riffael is primarily right-handed, Riff became left after attempts at [...] and thus he became ambidextrous.
• In the manga of Fullmetal Alchemist, the Homunculus Greed is reborn in the body of a Xingeese prince, Ling Yao. Although it was originally intended for Greed to consume Ling's soul, the prince's willpower caused the two to instead constantly fight for dominance over the body.
• In the visual novel and anime Shuffle!, the female character Lisianthus has a twin sister named Kikyou, whom was absorbed inside Lisianthus' body at birth, making them share the same body; however, Lisianthus took control most of the time. Sometimes Kikyou would switch places with Lisianthus, without any of the other characters noticing any difference, until they notice their different personalities.
• In Bottle Fairy, four fairies merge together to appear as a single human girl, but each fairy retains her own individuality.
• In the manga Change 123, the protagonist Makoto has three main alternate personalities which arose after her rigorous training by three different "fathers" in three types of combat skills. These personalities are named Hibiki, Fujiko and Mikiri (collectively known as HiFuMi) and are proficient in karate, weaponry, and submission moves, respectively. There is also a fourth personality, Zero, who is inhumanely powerful and ruthless.
• In the manga Soul Eater, the character Soul gains a inner personality in the form of a devil like imp after being infected with black blood. He occasionally controls Soul's actions.

Comics

• The Batman supervillain Two-Face has a Jekyll-Hyde split personality owing to injury which scarred one side of his face, the resulting damage to the left side of his brain turning him into a violent criminal. Another Batman foe, The Ventriloquist, also has a second (violent, of course) personality manifesting itself through a dummy.
• In the 1980s, the backstory of the Incredible Hulk was reworked by writer Peter David to fit then-current beliefs about DID, with the Hulk's multiple incarnations reflecting different aspects of Bruce Banner's personality, repressed by Bruce due to his childhood abuse at the hands of his father. He came to believe that showing emotion caused people to be hurt. Psychiatrist Doc Samson was able to merge his personalities, but he eventually regressed back into his multiple state, and after Peter David left the book, writer Paul Jenkins revealed that the supposed merged personality was the Professor, another personality created by Doc Samson, in the hopes that it would become the true personality. Banner was revealed to have had hundreds of personalities, most of which appeared to have 'died'.
• As written by Doug Moench, Moon Knight had three separate civilian identities. Often he showed confusion as to which was his "real" personality. He eventually did develop something similar to stereotyped multiple personality disorder, but was apparently integrated. His counterpart in Marvel's Ultimate Marvel line not only has four personalities to begin with, he later creates a fifth, which goes by the name Ronin. In this version he never integrates.
• Rose and Thorn are the personalities of two different multiples in DC Comics. In the 1940s, Rose Canton, who later married the original Green Lantern, had a self called Thorn, a plant-based supervillain. The 1970s version depicted gentle Rose and feisty crimefighting Thorn, who was out to avenge the [...] of Rose's father. Rose had no idea that Thorn shared her body. This latter series was remade in 2003 to incorporate a storyline which fit then-current beliefs about DID – the personality of Thorn was revealed to have been induced by an unscrupulous therapist.
• Typhoid Mary, an enemy/lover of the Marvel Comics character, Daredevil, is one of three coexisting persons in one body. In accordance with the usual stereotypes, Typhoid Mary is a violent seductress, Bloody Mary is a psychopathic [...], and "Mary" is a timid pacifist.
• Crazy Jane of the Doom Patrol has 64 distinct personalities as a result of being molested by her father as a child. Each of them has a unique skill or ability. Some aspects of her story are based on real-life multiple Truddi Chase.
• Aurora, a superheroine from Alpha Flight, was actually diagnosed with DID. As in Rose and the Thorn, a mild-mannered self dominates during Aurora's normal, day-to-day life, and a more adventurous self is responsible for her excursions as a costumed hero, although Aurora is aware (but disapproves) of her other's existence. Aurora's DID was apparently cured or suppressed for a time (i.e., the two selves were integrated).
• In the 1994 Zero Hour version of the Legion of Super-Heroes series, Luorno Durgo or Triplicate Girl was considered to have multiple personality disorder at birth. Natives of her world can split into three bodies, but all three usually have identical personalities; her three separate selves were considered a shameful defect. Luorno was incarcerated in an institution where her three selves were tortured to force them to behave identically. She escaped and was adopted by R.J. Brande, the father of Chameleon Boy.
• A major premise in The Badger is that hero Norbert Sykes has multiple personalities. Only one of them is unaware that the others exist.

Computer and video games

• The main character of Xenogears, Fei Fong Wong, has three personalities, who appear physically as well as psychologically different. He is mistakenly referred to as "schizophrenic" at several points in the game. Later events in the game reveal that he has MPD as a result of having been subjected to abusive medical experiments as a child. Fei's confrontation and integration of these personalities is a major plot feature of the game.
• In the videogame Killer7 the main character, Harman Smith, is an old man confined to a wheelchair whose different personalities take their own physical forms; all of them are assassins. They each have different abilities and weapons that the player must use to progress through the game. A major aspect of the game is finding out which personality is the dominant and the original one.
• The 1999 PlayStation game Clock Tower II: The Struggle Within by Agetek features a situation similar to the Star Trek episode "The Enemy Within".; a meek main character with a homicidal alternate personality. The player must combine the former's insight with the latter's ruthlessness to solve puzzles and to survive.
• The Prince in Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones has an alter-ego called the Dark Prince, who constantly bickers with him about right and wrong. This split-personality theme was meant to combine the Prince's characters from the two previous incarnations of the Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time trilogy.
• In the Twisted Metal series, Marcus Kane has another self known as Needles Kane.
• One character in Mega Man Star Force, Pat, has 2 personalities, one evil, one good.
• The character Sakubo from .hack//GU appears to be played by two siblings, but is actually played by one person with two selves.
• In The Suffering and its sequel, The Suffering: Ties That Bind Torque has suffered abuse since early adolescence and has several personalities. This is explored in more depth in the sequel. One of his selves assists him in fights.
• In Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, Ripper Roo is a literate, civilized person co-existing with a deranged kangaroo, who is regarded as the original or core self.
• In Crash of the Titans, Doctor N. Gin briefly develops two separate personalities after Nina Cortex takes over the role of main antagonist.
• In Soulcalibur series, the female character Tira has two selves. In stereotypical fashion, one self is happily insane, the other angry and combative.
• In the 2000 video game Resident Evil: Code Veronica, Alfred Ashford, one of the main antagonists for the game, shares his body with his sister Alexia.
• In the video game Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines, Therese Voerman created a second personality, Jeannette, after being sexually abused by her father.
• In the video game series Silent Hill, protagonist Alessa coexists with three more selves.
• Emil Castagnier of Tales of Symphonia: Dawn of the New World alternates between his timid, cowardly and kind self (when his eyes are green) and his aggressive, violent and arrogant self (when his eyes are red), the latter which his companions eventually dub his "Ratatosk Mode." As time goes on the personalities become more distinct and develop troubles with memory continuity and cooperation.
• In the game Psychonauts there is a character named Fred Bonaparte, whose alternate personality is Napoleon Bonaparte. An actual descendant of the real Napoleon, easygoing Fred lived a normal life, free of war, empire building and funny hats. Somewhere deep within him, the spirit of Napoleon lay dormant, and upon waking caused various troubles for Fred.

In music

• Quadrophenia by British rock band The Who is about a mod named Jimmy who embodies the personalities of the band members.
• In Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence song by progressive metal band Dream Theater one of the movements, titled "Losing Time", appears to describe a Sybil-like multiple.
• Sweating Bullets by American heavy metal band Megadeth is about a man in an insane asylum holding conversations with multiple versions of himself.

Miscellaneous

• In the 2008 machinima series Red vs. Blue: Reconstruction, it is revealed that the character Church (unbeknown to him) is The Alpha, an AI created from the mind of the director of Project Freelancer. Because the AI could not be copied, it was deliberately subjected to traumatic scenarios to force it to split into fragments. Agent Washington refers to the process as “reverse-engineering a multiple personality disorder.” Each new AI was a specific component of the Alpha; embodying aspects such as rage, deceit, logic, memories, creativity, etc. In the previous Blood Gulch Chronicles series, a fragment that embodies The Alpha's rage, called Omega, possessed the character Doc. The pacifistic medic and extremely violent, manipulative AI frequently conversed with each other.

See also

• Dissociative identity disorder