Daemons in astrophysics
DAEMONS in astrophysics (DArk Electric Matter Objects) are (presumably) electrically charged elementary Planck black holes (Planck particles) comprising the Dark Matter (DM) of the Universe and galaxies, including our Milky Way. Their gravitational radius is rg = 2Gm/c2 ≈ 3×10−33 cm and mass m ≈ 2×10−5 g is such that the smaller mass, having a greater Compton wavelength λc = c/ν, cannot be localized inside such a small rg, - so the smaller mass black hole cannot exist. These values of m and rg define the Planck scale. Such particles can carry an electric charge of about Z ≈ ±10 electron charges, - its repulsive action is counterbalanced by the m self-gravitation. Daemons are relics from Planck era of our Universe (some first ~10−43 s). Similar objects were considered earlier (e.g., Markov 1965, Hawking 1971), but the possibilities of their detection were approved skeptically. Indeed, their flux from the Galaxy halo is very small (f ~ 5×10−12cm−2s−1), while objects with velocity 10-100 km/s are able to cause a very weak scintillation if any.
These problems are resolved if one takes into account a capture of the Galaxy disk low velocity (~4÷30 km/s) daemons by the Solar system and their accumulation in the strongly elongated Earth-crossing heliocentric orbits (SEECHOs) (that increases the daemon flux onto the Earth up to f ≥ 3×10−7cm−2s−1; after several encounters with the Earth, the SEECHO objects transfer in the near-Earth almost circular heliocentric orbits - NEACHOs), and (2) the negative daemon can capture atomic nucleus with a liberation of about 100 MeV energy. The last process excites the nucleus with resulting emission of nucleons and atomic (and refilling) electrons capable of creation of strong scintillation, while the daemon finds itself inside the remnant of the nucleus captured. Here daemon has supposedly to catalyze decays of one nucleon by another, with a mean interval of ~10−6 s, becoming thus finally free and able of capturing a new nucleus.
Rather simple experiments with two spaced ZnS(Ag) thin (~10 μm) scintillator screens performed by E.M.Drobyshevski (Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of RAS) in Saint Petersburg (and also in the underground Baksan Neutrino Observatory at the Northern Caucasus) revealed strongly penetrative (i.e., highly massive!) objects with velocities in a range of ~5÷10÷30 km/s (the detector used does not register objects with V > 30 km/s). The most prominent (with a confidence more than 99.99%) is >10−7cm−2s−1 flux of objects going both from top down and bottom top with V ≈ 10–15 km/s. Such a velocity corresponds to an outfall from the NEACHOs. The flux changes with 0.5 y period with maxima near equinoxes as it outflows from the celestial mechanics calculations.
Interestingly, E.M.Drobyshevski has shown that if one takes into account the channeling effect of the keV-energy elastically recoiled iodine nuclei in the NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator, the DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA results (as well as their non-reproducibility by other groups searching for hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles - WIMPs) can be quantitatively explained in the daemon paradigm frame also, but in this case the signals are caused by ~ 6×10−7cm−2s−1 flux objects outfalling with V ≈ 30÷50 km/s from SEECHOs oriented in the antapex direction relative the Sun. It is remarkable these velocities correspond just to the narrow 2÷6 keV scintillation energy range where the signals reveal the one-year period modulation. Moreover, prediction that more massive DAMA/LIBRA set-up will not show a corresponding increase in number of registered events, as it was tuned for the WIMPs search with making use of the single hit criterion, when signals from two neighboring scintillators occurring in 600 ns time window were disregarded, has gotten its confirmation.
One should not overlook the chance that the scenario of daemon interaction with matter described above is incomplete and lacks some essential aspects. This may eventually affect somehow the strategy to be accepted in detection and investigation of daemons. Nevertheless, the daemon paradigm provides even now not only explanation for different astrophysical and geophysical facts and phenomena, but it suggests some definite predictions as well (as this was demonstrated above for the DAMA/LIBRA case). So, rather unexpectedly, we are standing at the threshold of the Planck physics where the energetics of elementary processes is measured in ~1019 GeV (for comparison, in chemistry it is ~1÷10 eV, in nuclear physics - ~1÷100 MeV).
On the other hand, a capture of several light nuclei (say, 12C+12C) by the super-massive and eternally living negatively multiple-charged daemon shall obviously result in the fusion of these nuclei with liberation of great energy (~13.9 MeV per act in this case), - the process which is similar to the muon-catalyzed fusion. In future, that promises a creation of the ecologically friendly and compact nuclear energy source.