Catholic Church and independence of the Republic of Indonesia
The Catholic Church in Indonesia strongly supported national independence, with figures like Bishop Soegijapranata encouraging participation in the new republic, and the Holy See became one of the first European entities to recognize Indonesia's sovereignty in 1947, bolstering the nation's legitimacy. Catholic youth played a key role in the anti-communist movement after independence, while the Church integrated its values with the national ideology of Pancasila, emphasizing religious harmony and human dignity, a stance later praised by Pope Francis.
Key Figure
Mgr. Albertus Soegijapranata (First Native Bishop):
He served as a bridge between the Church and the Republic during the revolution, leading with steadfastness when religious identity could be questioned.
He stated that being a true Catholic meant being a true patriot, uniting faith and love for the homeland.
His strong lobbying efforts convinced the Vatican to recognize the Republic of Indonesia, providing international legitimacy.
He was awarded the title of National Hero by President Soekarno for his contributions.
Pre-Independence & The Struggle
Note:
Early Activism: Even before independence, some Catholic missionaries and figures, like Fr. van Lith, S.J., supported native interests against colonial rule.
Political Involvement: Catholic political groups, such as the Persatuan Politik Katolik Indonesia (PPKI), worked within the Volksraad (People's Council) for greater Indonesian representation.
Soekarno's Connection: Indonesia's first president, Soekarno, befriended Catholics and read in the local library during his exile in Ende inspiring his vision for a pluralistic nation based on Pancasila.
Post-Independence & Vatican Recognition
Note:
Vatican Support: The Holy See, under Pope Pius XII, recognized Indonesia's independence in July 1947, sending an Apostolic Delegate (like Bishop Georges-Marie de Jonghe d'Ardoye) to Jakarta, a significant diplomatic boost for the new nation.
Diplomatic Relations: Formal diplomatic ties were established, with the Apostolic Delegation becoming an Apostolic Nunciature, solidifying the relationship between the Vatican and the new republic.
The Church in Independent Indonesia
Note:
Embracing the Republic: Bishop Soegijapranata called for Catholics to integrate into the new state, promoting Christian values within Indonesian society.
Pancasila: The Church embraced Pancasila (the state philosophy emphasizing belief in one God and religious diversity) as foundational to national life, promoting interfaith dialogue and harmony.
Growth & Role: The Catholic Church grew steadily, becoming a vibrant minority community actively participating in national life, despite facing challenges from extremist groups later on, but always upholding Pancasila principles.
Moral & Spiritual Support
International Legitimacy: Recognition by the Vatican (Holy See) strengthens Indonesia's position internationally.
The slogan "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian": Affirms that Catholic identity and Indonesian citizenship are inseparable, encouraging the faithful to be active in nation-building.
Moral Foundation: The Church provides a moral, ethical, and spiritual foundation for national development, promoting the common good, justice, and service.
Participation
Active in Development: Catholics are called to be responsible citizens, participate in development, avoid corruption, and uphold the law.
Prayer and Struggle: Through prayer (such as the Red and White Rosary) and concrete actions, Catholics pray for the safety of the nation, the integrity of nature, and the wisdom of their leaders.
Symbolism
"Red and White Rosary": A Rosary prayer initiative with the specific intention of national salvation and unity, featuring a combination of Catholic symbols (the Rosary prayer) and national symbols (the red and white flag colors).
References
See also
Catholicism in Indonesia
Relations between the Catholic Church and the state
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