44th United States Congress - political parties

The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1875 to March 3 1877, during the last two years of the second administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by political party.

Main article: 44th United States Congress

See also: 44th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1874

The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order.

Dates of sessions

March 4 1875 - March 3 1877

• Special Session of the Senate: March 5 1875 – March 24 1875
• First session: December 6 1875 - August 15 1876
• Second session: December 4 1876 - March 3 1877 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 43rd Congress
Next congress: 45th Congress

Party summary

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress.

Democratic

A-F

• James E. Bailey (1822-1885), Tennessee …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 29 1877.
• William H. Barnum (1818-1889), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated May 22 1876.
• Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (1828-1898), Delaware
• Lewis V. Bogy (1813-1877), Missouri
• Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876), West Virginia …died July 26 1876.
• Francis M. Cockrell (1834-1915), Missouri
• Henry Cooper (1827-1884), Tennessee
• Henry G. Davis (1823-1916), West Virginia
• George R. Dennis (1822-1882), Maryland
• William W. Eaton (1816-1898), Connecticut
• James E. English (1812-1890), Connecticut …appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 7 1875.
• James B. Eustis (1834-1899), Louisiana …elected, never seated.

G-L

• George Goldthwaite (1809-1879), Alabama
• John B. Gordon (1832-1904), Georgia
• Frank Hereford (1825-1891), West Virginia …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 31 1877.
• Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), Tennessee …died July 31 1875.
• John W. Johnston (1818-1889), Virginia
• Charles W. Jones (1834-1897), Florida
• James K. Kelly (1819-1903), Oregon
• Francis Kernan (1816-1892), New York
• David M. Key (1824-1900), Tennessee …appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1875.

M-R

• Samuel B. Maxey (1825-1895), Texas
• Thomas C. McCreery (1816-1890), Kentucky
• Joseph E. McDonald (1819-1891), Indiana
• Augustus S. Merrimon (1830-1892), North Carolina
• Thomas M. Norwood (1830-1913), Georgia
• Samuel Price (1805-1884), West Virginia …appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 4 1876.
• Theodore F. Randolph (1826-1883), New Jersey
• Matt W. Ransom (1826-1904), North Carolina

S-Z

• Eli M. Saulsbury (1817-1893), Delaware
• John W. Stevenson (1812-1886), Kentucky
• Allen G. Thurman (1813-1895), Ohio
• William A. Wallace (1827-1896), Pennsylvania
• William Pinkney Whyte (1824-1908), Maryland
• Robert E. Withers (1821-1907), Virginia

Republican

A-F

• James L. Alcorn (1816-1894), Mississippi
• William B. Allison (1829-1908), Iowa
• Henry B. Anthony (1815-1884), Rhode Island
• James G. Blaine (1830-1893), Maine …appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 4 1876.
• George S. Boutwell (1818-1905), Massachusetts
• Blanche K. Bruce (1841-1898), Mississippi
• Ambrose E. Burnside (1824-1881), Rhode Island
• Angus Cameron (1826-1897), Wisconsin
• Simon Cameron (1799-1889), Pennsylvania
• Jerome B. Chaffee (1825-1886), Colorado …new state, seated December 4 1876.
• Isaac P. Christiancy (1812-1890), Michigan
• Powell Clayton (1833-1914), Arkansas
• Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), New York
• Simon B. Conover (1840-1908), Florida
• Aaron H. Cragin (1821-1898), New Hampshire
• Henry L. Dawes (1816-1903), Massachusetts
• Stephen W. Dorsey (1842-1916), Arkansas
• George F. Edmunds (1828-1919), Vermont
• Orris S. Ferry (1823-1875), Connecticut ...died November 21 1875.
• Thomas W. Ferry (1827-1896), Michigan
• Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (1817-1885), New Jersey

G-L

• Morgan C. Hamilton (1809-1893), Texas
• Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891), Maine
• James M. Harvey (1833-1894), Kansas
• Phineas W. Hitchcock (1831-1881), Nebraska
• Timothy O. Howe (1816-1883), Wisconsin
• John J. Ingalls (1833-1900), Kansas
• John P. Jones (1829-1912), Nevada
• John A. Logan (1826-1886), Illinois

M-R

• Samuel J. R. McMillan (1826-1897), Minnesota
• John H. Mitchell (1835-1905), Oregon
• Justin S. Morrill (1810-1898), Vermont
• Lot M. Morrill (1813-1883), Maine …resigned July 7 1876.
• Oliver H. P. T. Morton (1823-1877), Indiana
• Richard J. Oglesby (1824-1899), Illinois
• Algernon S. Paddock (1830-1897), Nebraska
• John J. Patterson (1830-1912), South Carolina
• Thomas J. Robertson (1823-1897), South Carolina

S-Z

• Aaron A. Sargent (1827-1887), California
• William Sharon (1821-1885), Nevada
• John Sherman (1823-1900), Ohio
• George E. Spencer (1836-1893), Alabama
• Henry M. Teller (1830-1914), Colorado …new state, seated December 4 1876.
• Bainbridge Wadleigh (1831-1891), New Hampshire
• J. Rodman West (1822-1898), Louisiana
• William Windom (1827-1891), Minnesota
• George G. Wright (1820-1896), Iowa

Independent Republican

• Newton Booth (1825-1892), California

House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large.

Democratic

A-B-C

• Josiah G. Abbott (1814-1891), Massachusetts …contested election, seated July 28 1876.
• Lucien L. Ainsworth (1831-1902), Iowa
• Augustus F. Allen New York …died January 22 1875, before Congress assembled.
• Thomas S. Ashe (1812-1887), North Carolina
• John D. C. Atkins (1825-1908), Tennessee
• John C. Bagby (1819-1896), Illinois
• John H. Bagley, Jr. (1832-1902), New York
• Henry B. Banning (1836-1881), Ohio
• William H. Barnum (1818-1889), Connecticut …resigned May 18 1876.
• George M. Beebe (1836-1927), New York
• Samuel N. Bell (1829-1889), New Hampshire
• Joseph C. S. Blackburn (1838-1918), Kentucky
• Richard P. Bland (1835-1899), Missouri
• Archibald M. Bliss (1838-1923), New York
• James H. Blount (1837-1903), Georgia
• Andrew R. Boone (1831-1886), Kentucky
• Taul Bradford (1835-1883), Alabama
• John M. Bright (1817-1911), Tennessee
• John Y. Brown (1835-1904), Kentucky
• Aylett H. Buckner (1816-1894), Missouri
• Samuel D. Burchard (1836-1901), Wisconsin
• George C. Cabell (1836-1906), Virginia
• John H. Caldwell (1826-1902), Alabama
• William P. Caldwell (1832-1903), Tennessee
• Milton A. Candler (1837-1909), Georgia
• Nathan T. Carr (1833-1885), Indiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5 1876.
• George W. Cate (1825-1905), Wisconsin
• Bernard G. Caulfield (1828-1887), Illinois
• Chester W. Chapin (1798-1883), Massachusetts
• John B. Clark, Jr. (1831-1903), Missouri
• John B. Clarke (1833-1911), Kentucky
• Hiester Clymer (1827-1884), Pennsylvania
• Alexander G. Cochran (1846-1928), Pennsylvania
• Francis D. Collins (1841-1891), Pennsylvania
• Philip Cook (1817-1894), Georgia
• Jacob P. Cowan (1823-1895), Ohio
• Samuel S. Cox (1824-1889), New York
• David B. Culberson (1830-1900), Texas
• Augustus W. Cutler (1827-1897), New Jersey

D-E-F

• Joseph J. Davis (1828-1892), North Carolina
• Rezin A. De Bolt (1828-1891), Missouri
• George G. Dibrell (1822-1888), Tennessee
• Beverly B. Douglas (1822-1878), Virginia
• George H. Durand (1838-1903), Michigan
• Milton J. Durham (1824-1911), Kentucky
• John R. Eden (1826-1909), Illinois
• Albert G. Egbert (1828-1896), Pennsylvania
• E. John Ellis (1840-1889), Louisiana
• Smith Ely, Jr. (1825-1911), New York …resigned December 11 1876.
• Charles J. Faulkner (1806-1884), West Virginia
• David Dudley Field (1805-1894), New York …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 11 1877.
• Jesse J. Finley (1812-1904), Florida …contested election, seated April 19 1876.
• Samuel M. Fite (1816-1875), Tennessee …elected to fill vacancy from death of representative-elect, died October 23 1875, before Congress assembled.
• William H. Forney (1823-1894), Alabama
• Benjamin J. Franklin (1839-1898), Missouri
• Benoni S. Fuller (1825-1903), Indiana

G-H-I

• Lucien C. Gause (1836-1880), Arkansas
• Randall L. Gibson (1832-1892), Louisiana
• John M. Glover (1822-1891), Missouri
• John Goode, Jr. (1829-1909), Virginia
• John R. Goodin (1836-1885), Kansas
• Thomas M. Gunter (1826-1904), Arkansas
• Andrew H. Hamilton (1834-1895), Indiana
• Robert Hamilton (1809-1878), New Jersey
• John Hancock (1824-1893), Texas
• Augustus A. Hardenbergh (1830-1889), New Jersey
• Henry R. Harris (1828-1909), Georgia
• John T. Harris (1823-1899), Virginia
• Carter H. Harrison (1825-1893), Illinois
• Julian Hartridge (1829-1879), Georgia
• William Hartzell (1837-1903), Illinois
• Robert A. Hatcher (1819-1886), Missouri
• William S. Haymond (1823-1885), Indiana
• Eli J. Henkle (1828-1893), Maryland
• Frank Hereford (1825-1891), West Virginia …resigned January 31 1877.
• Abram S. Hewitt (1822-1903), New York
• Goldsmith W. Hewitt (1834-1895), Alabama
• Benjamin H. Hill (1823-1882), Georgia …elected to fill vacancy from death of representative-elect, seated December 6 1875, resigned March 3 1877.
• William S. Holman (1822-1897), Indiana
• Charles E. Hooker (1825-1914), Mississippi
• James H. Hopkins (1832-1904), Pennsylvania
• John F. House (1827-1904), Tennessee
• Andrew Humphreys (1821-1904), Indiana …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5 1876.
• Eppa Hutton, II (1822-1908), Virginia
• Frank H. Hurd (1840-1896), Ohio

J-K-L

• George A. Jenks (1836-1908), Pennsylvania
• Frank Jones (1832-1902), New Hampshire
• Thomas L. Jones (1819-1887), Kentucky
• Edward C. Kehr (1837-1918), Missouri
• Michael C. Kerr (1827-1876), Indiana …died August 19 1876.
• J. Proctor Knott (1830-1911), Kentucky
• George A. La Dow (1826-1875), Oregon …died May 1 1875, before Congress assembled
• Lucius Q. C. Lamar (1825-1893), Mississippi
• Franklin Landers (1825-1901), Indiana
• George M. Landers (1813-1895), Connecticut
• La Fayette Lane (1842-1896), Oregon …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1875.
• John V. Le Moyne (1828-1918), Illinois …contested election, seated May 6 1876.
• William M. Levy (1827-1882), Louisiana
• Burwell B. Lewis (1838-1885), Alabama
• Scott Lord (1820-1885), New York
• John K. Luttrell (1831-1893), California
• William P. Lynde (1817-1885), Wisconsin

M-N-O

• Levi A. Mackey (1819-1889), Pennsylvania
• Levi Maish (1837-1899), Pennsylvania
• William McFarland (1821-1900), Tennessee
• John A. McMahon (1833-1923), Ohio
• Edwin R. Meade (1836-1889), New York
• Henry B. Metcalfe (1805-1881), New York
• Charles W. Milliken (1827-1915), Kentucky
• Roger Q. Mills (1832-1911), Texas
• Hernando D. Money (1839-1912), Mississippi
• Charles H. Morgan (1842-1912), Missouri
• William R. Morrison (1824-1909), Illinois
• William Mutchler (1831-1893), Pennsylvania
• Lawrence T. Neal (1844-1905), Ohio
• Jeptha D. New (1830-1892), Indiana
• William J. O'Brien (1836-1905), Maryland
• N. Holmes Odell (1828-1904), New York

P-Q-R

• Edward Y. Parsons (1842-1876), Kentucky …died July 8 1876.
• Henry B. Payne (1810-1896), Ohio
• James Phelps (1822-1900), Connecticut
• John F. Philips (1834-1919), Missouri
• William A. Piper (1826-1899), California
• Earley F. Poppleton (1834-1899), Ohio
• Allen Potter (1818-1885), Michigan
• Joseph Powell (1828-1904), Pennsylvania
• Samuel J. Randall (1828-1890), Pennsylvania
• David Rea (1831-1901), Missouri
• John H. Reagan (1818-1905), Texas
• James B. Reilly (1845-1924), Pennsylvania
• John Reilly (1836-1904), Pennsylvania
• Americus V. Rice (1835-1904), Ohio
• Haywood Y. Riddle (1834-1879), Tennessee …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 5 1876.
• John Robbins, Jr. (1808-1880), Pennsylvania
• William M. Robbins (1828-1905), North Carolina
• Charles B. Roberts (1842-1899), Maryland
• Miles Ross (1827-1903), New Jersey

S-T-U-V

• John S. Savage (1841-1884), Ohio
• Milton Sayler (1831-1892), Ohio
• Alfred M. Scales (1827-1892), North Carolina
• Gustave Schleicher (1823-1879), Texas
• John G. Schumaker (1826-1905), New York
• James Sheakley (1829-1917), Pennsylvania
• Otho R. Singleton (1814-1889), Mississippi
• William F. Slemons (1830-1918), Arkansas
• William E. Smith (1829-1890), Georgia
• Milton I. Southard (1836-1905), Ohio
• William A. J. Sparks (1828-1904), Illinois
• William B. Spencer (1835-1882), Louisiana …contested election, seated June 8 1876.
• William M. Springer (1836-1903), Illinois
• William H. Stanton (1843-1900), Pennsylvania …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4 1876.
• William S. Stenger (1840-1918), Pennsylvania
• Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883), Georgia
• Adlai E. Stevenson (1835-1914), Illinois
• William H. Stone (1828-1901), Missouri
• Thomas Swann (1809-1883), Maryland
• John K. Tarbox (1838-1887), Massachusetts
• Frederick H. Teese (1823-1894), New Jersey
• William Terry (1824-1888), Virginia
• Phillip F. Thomas (1810-1890), Maryland
• Charles Perkins Thompson (1827-1894), Massachusetts
• James W. Throckmorton (1825-1894), Texas
• John R. Tucker (1823-1897), Virginia
• Jacob Turney (1825-1891), Pennsylvania
• John L. Vance (1839-1921), Ohio
• Robert B. Vance (1828-1899), North Carolina

W-X-Y-Z

• Alfred M. Waddell (1834-1912), North Carolina
• Charles C. B. Walker (1824-1888), New York
• Gilbert C. Walker (1833-1885), Virginia
• Ansel T. Walling (1824-1896), Ohio
• William Walsh (1828-1892), Maryland
• Elijah Ward (1816-1882), New York
• Levi Warner (1831-1911), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4 1876.
• William W. Warren (1834-1880), Massachusetts
• Henry Watterson (1840-1921), Kentucky …elected to fill vacancy, seated August 12 1876.
• Erastus Wells (1823-1893), Missouri
• John O. Whitehouse (1817-1881), New York
• Washington C. Whitthorne (1825-1891), Tennessee
• Peter D. Wigginton (1839-1890), California
• Scott Wike (1834-1901), Illinois
• Alpheus S. Williams (1810-1878), Michigan
• James Williams (1825-1899), Delaware
• James D. Williams (1808-1880), Indiana …resigned December 1 1876.
• Jeremiah N. Williams (1829-1915), Alabama
• Benjamin A. Willis (1840-1886), New York
• William W. Wilshire (1830-1888), Arkansas
• Benjamin Wilson (1825-1901), West Virginia
• Fernando Wood (1812-1881), New York
• Jesse J. Yeates (1829-1892), North Carolina
• H. Casey Young (1828-1899), Tennessee

Republican

A-B-C

• Charles H. Adams (1824-1902), New York
• George A. Bagley (1826-1915), New York
• John H. Baker (1832-1915), Indiana
• William H. Baker (1827-1911), New York
• Latimer W. Ballou (1812-1900), Rhode Island
• Lyman K. Bass (1836-1889), New York
• James B. Belford (1837-1910), Colorado …new state, seated January 31 1877.
• James G. Blaine (1830-1893), Maine …resigned July 10 1876.
• Henry W. Blair (1834-1920), New Hampshire
• Nathan B. Bradley (1831-1906), Michigan
• William R. Brown (1840-1916), Kansas
• James Buffinton (1817-1875), Massachusetts …died March 7 1875, before Congress assembled.
• Horatio C. Burchard (1825-1908), Illinois
• John H. Burleigh (1822-1877), Maine
• Charles W. Buttz (1837-1913), South Carolina …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 23 1877.
• Joseph G. Cannon (1836-1926), Illinois
• Thomas J. Cason (1828-1901), Indiana
• Lucien B. Caswell (1827-1919), Wisconsin
• Omar D. Conger (1818-1898), Michigan
• William W. Crapo (1830-1926), Massachusetts …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1875.
• Lorenzo Crounse (1834-1909), Nebraska

D-E-F

• Lorenzo Danford (1829-1899), Ohio
• Chester B. Darrall (1842-1908), Louisiana
• John M. Davy (1835-1909), New York
• Samuel A. Dobbins (1814-1886), New Jersey
• Mark H. Dunnell (1823-1904), Minnesota
• Benjamin T. Eames (1818-1901), Rhode Island
• James L. Evans (1825-1903), Indiana
• Charles B. Farwell (1823-1903), Illinois …contested election, served until May 6 1876.
• Edwin Flye (1817-1886), Maine …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4 1876.
• Greenbury L. Fort (1825-1883), Illinois
• Charles Foster (1828-1904), Ohio
• Chapman Freeman (1832-1904), Pennsylvania
• Rufus S. Frost (1826-1894), Massachusetts …contested election, served until July 28 1876.
• William P. Frye (1830-1911), Maine

G-H-I

• James A. Garfield (1831-1881), Ohio
• Eugene Hale (1836-1918), Maine
• Jeremiah Haralson (1846-1916), Alabama
• Benjamin W. Harris (1823-1907), Massachusetts
• Henry H. Hathorn (1813-1887), New York
• Charles Hays (1834-1879), Alabama
• George W. Hendee (1832-1906), Vermont
• Thomas J. Henderson (1824-1911), Illinois
• George F. Hoar (1826-1904), Massachusetts
• Solomon L. Hoge (1836-1909), South Carolina
• George G. Hoskins (1824-1893), New York
• Jay A. Hubbell (1829-1900), Michigan
• Morton C. Hunter (1825-1896), Indiana
• Stephen A. Hurlbut (1815-1882), Illinois
• John A. Hyman (1840-1891), North Carolina

J-K-L

• Charles H. Joyce (1830-1916), Vermont
• John A. Kasson (1822-1910), Iowa
• William D. Kelley (1814-1890), Pennsylvania
• Winthrop W. Ketchum (1820-1879), Pennsylvania …resigned July 19 1876.
• Alanson M. Kimball (1827-1913), Wisconsin
• William S. King (1828-1900), Minnesota
• Elbridge G. Lapham (1814-1890), New York
• William Lawrence (1819-1899), Ohio
• Elias W. Leavenworth (1803-1887), New York
• John R. Lynch (1847-1939), Mississippi

M-N-O

• Clinton D. MacDougall (1839-1914), New York
• Henry S. Magoon (1832-1889), Wisconsin
• George W. McCrary (1835-1890), Iowa
• James W. McDill (1834-1894), Iowa
• Samuel F. Miller (1827-1892), New York
• James Monroe (1821-1898), Ohio
• Frank Morey (1840-1889), Louisiana …contested election, served until June 8 1876.
• Charles E. Nash (1844-1913), Louisiana
• Nelson I. Norton (1820-1887), New York …elected to fill vacancy from death of representative-elect, seated December 6 1875.
• S. Addison Oliver (1833-1912), Iowa
• Charles O'Neill (1821-1893), Pennsylvania

P-Q-R

• John B. Packer (1824-1891), Pennsylvania
• Horace F. Page (1833-1890), California
• William A. Phillips (1824-1893), Kansas
• Henry L. Pierce (1825-1896), Massachusetts
• Harris M. Plaisted (1828-1898), Maine …elected to fill vacancy from death of representative-elect, seated December 6 1875.
• Thomas C. Platt (1833-1910), New York
• Henry O. Pratt (1838-1931), Iowa
• William J. Purman (1840-1928), Florida
• Joseph H. Rainey (1832-1887), South Carolina
• Milton S. Robinson (1832-1892), Indiana
• Sobieski Ross (1828-1877), Pennsylvania
• Jeremiah M. Rusk (1830-1893), Wisconsin

S-T-U-V

• Ezekiel S. Sampson (1831-1892), Iowa
• Clement H. Sinnickson (1834-1919), New Jersey
• Robert Smalls (1839-1915), South Carolina
• A. Herr Smith (1815-1894), Pennsylvania
• Henry H. Starkweather (1826-1876), Connecticut …died January 28 1876.
• William H. H. Stowell (1840-1922), Virginia
• Horace B. Strait (1835-1894), Minnesota
• Jacob M. Thornburgh (1837-1890), Tennessee
• Martin I. Townsend (1810-1903), New York
• Washington Townsend (1813-1894), Pennsylvania
• John Q. Tufts (1840-1908), Iowa
• Nelson H. Van Vorhees (1822-1882), Ohio

W-X-Y-Z

• John T. Wait (1811-1899), Connecticut …elected to fill vacancy, seated April 12 1876.
• Henry Waldron (1819-1880), Michigan
• Alexander S. Wallace (1810-1893), South Carolina
• John W. Wallace (1818-1889), Pennsylvania
• Josiah T. Walls (1842-1905), Florida …contested election, served until April 19 1876.
• William A. Wheeler (1819-1887), New York
• John D. White (1849-1920), Kentucky
• Richard H. Whiting (1826-1888), Illinois
• George Willard (1824-1901), Michigan
• Andrew Williams (1828-1907), New York
• Charles G. Williams (1829-1892), Wisconsin
• William B. Williams (1826-1905), Michigan
• James Wilson (1835-1920), Iowa
• Alan Wood, Jr. (1834-1902), Pennsylvania
• William Woodburn (1838-1915), Nevada
• Laurin D. Woodworth (1837-1897), Ohio

Independent

• William B. Anderson (1830-1901), Illinois
• Nathaniel P. Banks (1816-1894), Massachusetts
• Alexander Campbell (1814-1898), Illinois
• Julius H. Seelye (1824-1895), Massachusetts

Independent Democratic

• William H. Felton (1823-1909), Georgia

Independent Republican

• Simeon B. Chittenden (1814-1889), New York
• Dudley C. Denison (1819-1905), Vermont
• Edmund W. M. Mackey (1846-1884), South Carolina …contested election, served until July 19 1876, seat declared vacant.
• G. Wiley Wells (1840-1909), Mississippi

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists