31st United States Congress - State Delegations

The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1849 to March 3 1851, during the administration of U.S. President Zachary Taylor and the first months of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Millard Fillmore.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

This article supplements the main article with a list of the members by state delegation.

Main article: 31st United States Congress
See also: 31st United States Congress - political parties
See also: United States House elections, 1848

Dates of sessions

March 4 1849 - March 3 1851

  • Special session of the Senate: March 5 1849 - March 23 1849
  • First session: December 3 1849 - September 30 1850
  • Second session: December 2 1850 - March 3 1851 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 30th Congress
Next congress: 32nd Congress

Members

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1854.

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order.

Alabama

Senate
  • 3: William R. D. King (1786-1853), Democratic
  • 2: Benjamin Fitzpatrick (1802-1869), Democratic
    Jeremiah Clemens (1814-1865), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, November 30 1849.
House of Representatives (7 seats)

  • : William J. Alston (1800-1876), Whig

  • : Henry W. Hilliard (1808-1892), Whig

  • : Sampson W. Harris (1809-1857), Democratic

  • : Samuel W. Inge (1817-1868), Democratic

  • : David Hubbard (1792-1874), Democratic

  • : Williamson R. W. Cobb (1807-1864), Democratic

  • : Franklin W. Bowdon (1817-1857), Democratic

Arkansas

Senate
  • 3: Solon Borland (1808-1864), Democratic
  • 2: William K. Sebastian (1812-1865), Democratic
House of Representatives (1 seat)

  • : Robert W. Johnson (1814-1879), Democratic

California

Senate
  • 3: William M. Gwin (1805-1885), Democratic …newly admitted state, elected September 9 1850.
  • 1: John C. Frémont (1813-1890), Democratic …newly admitted state, elected September 9 1850.
House of Representatives (2 seats)

  • : Edward Gilbert (1819c-1852), Democratic …newly admitted state, seated September 11 1850.

  • : George W. Wright (1816-1885), Independent …newly admitted state, seated September 11 1850.

Connecticut

Senate
  • 1: Roger S. Baldwin (1793-1863), Whig
  • 3: Truman Smith (1791-1884), Whig
House of Representatives (4 seats)

  • : Loren P. Waldo (1802-1881), Democratic

  • : Walter Booth (1791-1870), Free Soil

  • : Chauncey F. Cleveland (1799-1887), Democratic

  • : Thomas B. Butler (1806-1873), Whig

Delaware

Senate
  • 2: Presley Spruance (1785-1863), Whig
  • 1: John Wales (1783-1863), Whig
House of Representatives (1 seat)

  • : John W. Houston (1814-1896), Whig

Florida

Senate
  • 1: David Levy Yulee (1810-1886), Democratic
  • 3: Jackson Morton (1794-1874), Whig
House of Representatives (1 seat)

  • : Edward C. Cabell (1816-1896), Whig

Georgia

Senate
  • 2: John Mcpherson Berrien (1781-1856), Whig
  • 3: William C. Dawson (1798-1856), Whig
House of Representatives (8 seats)

  • : Thomas B. King (1800-1864), Whig …resigned in 1850.

    Joseph W. Jackson (1796-1854), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, March 4 1850.

  • : Marshall J. Wellborn (1808-1874), Democratic

  • : Allen F. Owen (1816-1865), Whig

  • : Hugh A. Haralson (1805-1854), Democratic

  • : Thomas C. Hackett ( -1851), Democratic

  • : Howell Cobb (1815-1868), Democratic

  • : Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883), Whig

  • : Robert A. Toombs (1810-1885), Whig

Illinois

Senate
  • 2: Stephen A. Douglas (1813-1861), Democratic
  • 3: James Shields (1806/1810-1879), Democratic …seat declared vacant March 15 1849, subsequently elected to fill vacancy October 27 1849.
House of Representatives (7 seats)

  • : William H. Bissell (1811-1860), Democratic

  • : John A. McClernand (1812-1900), Democratic

  • : Timothy R. Young (1811-1898), Democratic

  • : John Wentworth (1815-1888), Democratic

  • : William A. Richardson (1811-1875), Democratic

  • : Edward D. Baker (1811-1861), Whig

  • : Thomas L. Harris (1816-1858), Democratic

Indiana

Senate
  • 1: Jesse D. Bright (1812-1875), Democratic
  • 3: James Whitcomb (1795-1852), Democratic
House of Representatives (10 seats)

  • : Nathaniel Albertson (1800-1863), Democratic

  • : Cyrus L. Dunham (1817-1877), Democratic

  • : John L. Robinson (1813-1860), Democratic

  • : George W. Julian (1817-1899), Free Soil

  • : William J. Brown (1805-1857), Democratic

  • : Willis A. Gorman (1816-1876), Democratic

  • : Edward W. McGaughey (1817-1852), Whig

  • : Joseph E. McDonald (1819-1891), Democratic

  • : Graham N. Fitch (1809-1892), Democratic

  • : Andrew J. Harlan (1815-1907), Democratic

Iowa

Senate
  • 3: Augustus C. Dodge (1812-1883), Democratic
  • 2: George W. Jones (1804-1896), Democratic
House of Representatives (2 seats)

  • : William Thompson (1813-1897), Democratic …contested election, served until June 29 1850.

    Daniel F. Miller (1814-1895), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 20 1850.

  • : Shepherd Leffler (1811-1879), Democratic

Kentucky

Senate
  • 2: Joseph R. Underwood (1791-1876), Whig
  • 3: Henry Clay (1777-1852), Whig
House of Representatives (10 seats)

  • : Linn Boyd (1800-1859), Democratic

  • : James L. Johnson (1818-1877), Whig

  • : Finis E. McLean (1806-1881), Whig

  • : George A. Caldwell (1814-1866), Democratic

  • : John B. Thompson (1810-1874), Whig

  • : Daniel Breck (1788-1871), Whig

  • : Humphrey Marshall (1812-1872), Whig

  • : Charles S. Morehead (1802-1868), Whig

  • : John C. Mason (1802-1865), Democratic

  • : Richard H. Stanton (1812-1891), Democratic

Louisiana

Senate
  • 2: Solomon W. Downs (1801-1854), Democratic
  • 3: Pierre Soulé (1801-1870), Democratic
House of Representatives (4 seats)

  • : Emile La Sére (1802-1882), Democratic

  • : Charles M. Conrad (1804-1878), Whig …resigned August 17 1850.

    Henry A. Bullard (1788-1851), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5 1850.

  • : John H. Harmanson (1803-1850), Democratic …died October 25 1850.

    Alexander G. Penn (1799-1866), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30 1850.

  • : Isaac E. Morse (1809-1866), Democratic

Maine

Senate
  • 2: James W. Bradbury (1802-1901), Democratic
  • 1: Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891), Democratic
House of Representatives (7 seats)

  • : Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886), Democratic

  • : Nathaniel S. Littlefield (1804-1882), Democratic

  • : John Otis (1801-1856), Whig

  • : Rufus K. Goodenow (1790-1863), Whig

  • : Cullen Sawtelle (1805-1887), Democratic

  • : Charles Stetson (1801-1863), Democratic

  • : Thomas J. D. Fuller (1808-1876), Democratic

Maryland

Senate
  • 3: James A. Pearce (1805-1862), Whig
  • 1: Reverdy Johnson (1796-1876), Whig …resigned March 7 1849.
    David Stewart (1800-1858), Whig …appointed to fill vacancy, December 6 1849.
    Thomas G. Pratt (1804-1869), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, January 12 1850.
House of Representatives (6 seats)

  • : Richard J. Bowie (1807-1881), Whig

  • : William T. Hamilton (1820-1888), Democratic

  • : Edward Hammond (1812-1882), Democratic

  • : Robert M. McLane (1815-1898), Democratic

  • : Alexander Evans (1818-1888), Whig

  • : John B. Kerr (1809-1878), Whig

Massachusetts

Senate
  • 1: Daniel Webster (1782-1852), Whig …resigned July 22 1850.
    Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), Whig …appointed to fill vacancy, July 30 1850.
    Robert J. Rantoul, Jr. (1805-1852), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 1 1851.
  • 2: John Davis (1787-1854), Whig
House of Representatives (10 seats)

  • : Robert C. Winthrop (1809-1894), Whig …resigned July 30 1850.

    Samuel A. Eliot (1798-1862), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated August 22 1850.

  • : Daniel P. King (1801-1850), Whig …died July 25 1850.

  • : James H. Duncan (1793-1869), Whig

  • : vacant

  • : Charles Allen (1797-1869), Free Soil

  • : George Ashmun (1804-1870), Whig

  • : Julius Rockwell (1805-1888), Whig

  • : Horace Mann (1796-1859), Whig

  • : Orin Fowler (1791-1852), Whig

  • : Joseph Grinnell (1788-1885), Whig

Michigan

Senate
  • 1: Lewis Cass (1782-1866), Democratic
  • 2: Alpheus Felch (1804-1896), Democratic
House of Representatives (3 seats)

  • : Alexander W. Buel (1813-1868), Democratic

  • : William Sprague (1809-1868), Whig

  • : Kinsley S. Bingham (1808-1861), Democratic

Mississippi

Senate
  • 2: Henry S. Foote (1804-1880), Democratic
  • 1: Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), Democratic
House of Representatives (4 seats)

  • : Jacob Thompson (1810-1885), Democratic

  • : Winfield S. Featherston (1820-1891), Democratic

  • : William McWillie (1795-1869), Democratic

  • : Albert G. Brown (1813-1880), Democratic

Missouri

Senate
  • 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic
  • 3: David R. Atchison (1807-1886), Democratic
House of Representatives (5 seats)

  • : James B. Bowlin (1804-1874), Democratic

  • : William V. Bay (1818-1894), Democratic

  • : James S. Green (1817-1870), Democratic

  • : Willard P. Hall (1820-1882), Democratic

  • : John S. Phelps (1814-1886), Democratic

New Hampshire

Senate
  • 2: John P. Hale (1806-1873), Free Soil
  • 3: Moses Norris, Jr. (1799-1855), Democratic
House of Representatives (4 seats)

  • : Amos Tuck (1810-1879), Free Soil

  • : Charles H. Peaslee (1804-1866), Democratic

  • : James Wilson (1797-1881), Whig …resigned September 9 1850.

    George W. Morrison (1809-1888), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1850.

  • : Harry Hibbard (1816-1872), Democratic

New Jersey

Senate
  • 2: Jacob W. Miller (1800-1862), Whig
  • 1: William L. Dayton (1807-1864), Whig
House of Representatives (5 seats)

  • : Andrew K. Hay (1809-1881), Whig

  • : William A. Newell (1817-1901), Whig

  • : Isaac Wildrick (1803-1892), Democratic

  • : John Van Dyke (1807-1878), Whig

  • : James G. King (1791-1853), Whig

New York

Senate
  • 1: Daniel S. Dickinson (1800-1866), Democratic
  • 3: William H. Seward (1801-1872), Whig
House of Representatives (34 seats)

  • : John A. King (1788-1867), Whig

  • : David A. Bokee (1805-1860), Whig

  • : J. Phillips Phoenix (1788-1859), Whig

  • : Walter Underhill (1795-1866), Whig

  • : George Briggs (1805-1869), Whig

  • : James Brooks (1810-1873), Whig

  • : William Nelson (1784-1869), Whig

  • : Ransom Halloway (1793c-1851), Whig

  • : Thomas McKissock (1790-1866), Whig

  • : Herman D. Gould (1799-1852), Whig

  • : Peter H. Silvester (1807-1882), Whig

  • : Gideon Reynolds (1813-1896), Whig

  • : John L. Schoolcraft (1804-1860), Whig

  • : George R. Andrews (1808-1873), Whig

  • : John R. Thurman (1814-1854), Whig

  • : Hugh White (1798-1870), Whig

  • : Henry P. Alexander (1801-1867), Whig

  • : Preston King (1806-1865), Free Soil

  • : Charles E. Clarke (1790-1863), Whig

  • : Orsamus B. Matteson (1805-1889), Whig

  • : Hiram Walden (1800-1880), Democratic

  • : Henry Bennett (1808-1868), Whig

  • : William Duer (1805-1879), Whig

  • : Daniel Gott (1794-1864), Whig

  • : Harmon S. Conger (1816-1882), Whig

  • : William T. Jackson (1794-1882), Whig

  • : William A. Sackett (1811-1895), Whig

  • : Abraham M. Schermerhorn (1791-1855), Whig

  • : Robert L. Rose (1804-1877), Whig

  • : David Rumsey, Jr. (1810-1883), Whig

  • : Elijah Risley (1787-1870), Whig

  • : Elbridge G. Spaulding (1809-1897), Whig

  • : Harvey Putnam (1793-1855), Whig

  • : Lorenzo Burrows (1805-1885), Whig

North Carolina

Senate
  • 2: Willie P. Mangum (1792-1861), Whig
  • 3: George E. Badger (1795-1866), Whig
House of Representatives (9 seats)

  • : Thomas L. Clingman (1812-1897), Whig

  • : Joseph P. Caldwell (1808-1853), Whig

  • : Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), Whig

  • : Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), Whig

  • : Abraham W. Venable (1799-1876), Democratic

  • : John R. J. Daniel (1802-1868), Democratic

  • : William S. Ashe (1814-1862), Democratic

  • : Edward Stanly (1810-1872), Whig

  • : David Outlaw (1806-1868), Whig

Ohio

Senate
  • 1: Thomas Corwin (1794-1865), Whig …resigned July 20 1850.
    Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), Whig …appointed to fill vacancy, July 20 1850.
  • 3: Salmon P. Chase (1808-1873), Free Soil
House of Representatives (21 seats)

  • : David T. Disney (1803-1857), Democratic

  • : Lewis D. Campbell (1811-1882), Whig

  • : Robert C. Schenck (1809-1890), Whig

  • : Moses B. Corwin (1790-1872), Whig

  • : Emery D. Potter (1804-1896), Democratic

  • : Rodolphus Dickinson (1797-1849), Democratic …died March 20 1849.

    John Bell (1796-1869), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 7 1851.
    Amos E. Wood (1810-1850), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849, died November 19 1850.

  • : Jonathan D. Morris (1804-1875), Democratic

  • : John L. Taylor (1805-1870), Whig

  • : Edson B. Olds (1802-1869), Democratic

  • : Charles Sweetser (1808-1864), Democratic

  • : John K. Miller (1819-1863), Democratic

  • : Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), Whig

  • : William A. Whittlesey (1796-1866), Democratic

  • : Nathan Evans (1804-1879), Whig

  • : William F. Hunter (1808-1874), Whig

  • : Moses Hoagland (1812-1865), Democratic

  • : Joseph Cable (1801-1880), Democratic

  • : David K. Cartter (1812-1887), Democratic

  • : John Crowell (1801-1883), Whig

  • : Joshua R. Giddings (1795-1864), Free Soil

  • : Joseph M. Root (1807-1879), Free Soil

Pennsylvania

Senate
  • 1: Daniel Sturgeon (1789-1878), Democratic
  • 3: James Cooper (1810-1863), Whig
House of Representatives (24 seats)

  • : Lewis C. Levin (1808-1860), American

  • : Joseph R. Chandler (1792-1880), Whig

  • : Henry D. Moore (1817-1887), Whig

  • : John Robbins, Jr. (1808-1880), Democratic

  • : John Freedley (1793-1851), Whig

  • : Thomas Ross (1806-1865), Democratic

  • : Jesse C. Dickey (1808-1890), Whig

  • : Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868), Whig

  • : William Strong (1808-1895), Democratic

  • : Milo M. Dimmick (1811-1872), Democratic

  • : Chester P. Butler (1798-1850), Whig …died October 5 1850.

    John Brisbin (1818-1880), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 13 1851.

  • : David Wilmot (1814-1868), Democratic

  • : Joseph Casey (1814-1879), Whig

  • : Charles W. Pitman ( -1871), Whig

  • : Henry Nes (1799-1850), Whig …died September 10 1850.

    Joel B. Danner (1804-1885), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2 1850.

  • : James X. McLanahan (1809-1861), Democratic

  • : Samuel Calvin (1811-1890), Whig

  • : Andrew J. Ogle (1822-1852), Whig

  • : Job Mann (1795-1873), Democratic

  • : Robert R. Reed (1807-1864), Whig

  • : Moses Hampton (1803-1878), Whig

  • : John W. Howe (1801-1873), Free Soil

  • : James Thompson (1806-1874), Democratic

  • : Alfred Gilmore (1812-1890), Democratic

Rhode Island

Senate
  • 1: Albert C. Greene (1792-1863), Whig
  • 2: John H. Clarke (1789-1870), Whig
House of Representatives (2 seats)

  • : George G. King (1807-1870), Whig

  • : Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (1812-1881), Whig

South Carolina

Senate
  • 2: John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), Democratic …died March 31 1850.
    Franklin H. Elmore (1799-1850), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, April 11 1850, died May 29 1850.
    Robert W. Barnwell (1801-1882), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, June 4 1850.
    R. Barnwell Rhett (1800-1876), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, December 18 1850.
  • 3: Andrew P. Butler (1796-1857), Democratic
House of Representatives (7 seats)

  • : Daniel Wallace (1801-1859), Democratic

  • : James L. Orr (1822-1873), Democratic

  • : Joseph A. Woodward (1806-1885), Democratic

  • : Alexander D. Sims (1803-1848), Democratic …died November 16 1848.

    John McQueen (1804-1867), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress.

  • : Armistead Burt (1802-1883), Democratic

  • : Isaac E. Holmes (1796-1867), Democratic

  • : William F. Colcock (1804-1889), Democratic

Tennessee

Senate
  • 1: Hopkins L. Turney (1797-1857), Democratic
  • 2: John Bell (1797-1869), Whig
House of Representatives (11 seats)

  • : Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), Democratic

  • : Albert G. Watkins (1818-1895), Whig

  • : Josiah M. Anderson (1807-1861), Whig

  • : John H. Savage (1815-1904), Democratic

  • : George W. Jones (1806-1884), Democratic

  • : James H. Thomas (1808-1876), Democratic

  • : Meredith P. Gentry (1809-1866), Whig

  • : Andrew Ewing (1813-1864), Democratic

  • : Isham G. Harris (1818-1897), Democratic

  • : Frederick P. Stanton (1814-1894), Democratic

  • : Christopher H. Williams (1798-1857), Whig

Texas

Senate
  • 2: Samuel Houston (1793-1863), Democratic
  • 1: Thomas J. Rusk (1803-1857), Democratic
House of Representatives (2 seats)

  • : David S. Kaufman (1813-1851), Democratic …died January 31 1851.

  • : Volney E. Howard (1809-1889), Democratic

Vermont

Senate
  • 1: Samuel S. Phelps (1793-1855), Whig
  • 3: William Upham (1792-1853), Whig
House of Representatives (4 seats)

  • : William Henry (1788-1861), Whig

  • : William Hebard (1800-1875), Whig

  • : George P. Marsh (1801-1882), Whig …resigned in 1849.

    James Meacham (1810-1856), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849.

  • : Lucius B. Peck (1802-1866), Democratic

Virginia

Senate
  • 1: James M. Mason (1798-1871), Democratic
  • 2: Robert M. T. Hunter (1809-1887), Democratic
House of Representatives (15 seats)

  • : John S. Millson (1808-1874), Democratic

  • : Richard K. Meade (1803-1862), Democratic

  • : Thomas H. Averett (1800-1855), Democratic

  • : Thomas S. Bocock (1815-1891), Democratic

  • : Paulus Powell (1809-1874), Democratic

  • : James A. Seddon (1815-1880), Democratic

  • : Thomas H. Bayly (1810-1856), Democratic

  • : Alexander R. Holladay (1811-1877), Democratic

  • : Jeremiah Morton (1799-1878), Whig

  • : Richard Parker (1810-1893), Democratic

  • : James McDowell (1795-1851), Democratic

  • : Henry A. Edmundson (1814-1890), Democratic

  • : LaFayette McMullen (1805-1880), Democratic

  • : James M. H. Beale (1786-1866), Democratic

  • : Alexander Newman (1804-1849), Democratic …died September 8 1849.

    Thomas S. Haymond (1794-1869), Whig …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3 1849.

Wisconsin

Senate
  • 1: Henry Dodge (1782-1867), Democratic
  • 3: Isaac P. Walker (1815-1872), Democratic
House of Representatives (3 seats)

  • : Charles Durkee (1805-1870), Free Soil

  • : Orsamus Cole (1819-1903), Whig

  • : James D. Doty (1799-1865), Democratic

Delegates

Minnesota Territory

  • : Henry H. Sibley (1811-1891), …newly formed territory, seated December 3 1849.

Oregon Territory

  • : Samuel R. Thurston (1816-1851), Democratic …newly formed territory, seated December 3 1849.