Motorway town is a term describing towns which have either been built because of, or have had their functions changed by a nearby motorway. In the UK, many are found on the M25 in Kent and Surrey. They are normally detached from a nearby urban centre or city, but they can be found further away, such as Crawley.
The term is used in North Kent and Surrey and is derogatory, referring to these towns as stereotypical middle class commuter towns dependant on larger cities.
Motorway towns in the UK
*Sevenoaks, Kent
*Oxted, Surrey
*Westerham, Kent
*Reigate, Surrey
*Redhill, Surrey
*Dartford, Kent
*Ashford, Kent
*Crawley, West Sussex
*Swanley, Kent
*Meopham, Kent
*Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire
*Chertsey, Surrey
*Maidstone, Kent
*Orpington, Greater London
The term is used in North Kent and Surrey and is derogatory, referring to these towns as stereotypical middle class commuter towns dependant on larger cities.
Motorway towns in the UK
*Sevenoaks, Kent
*Oxted, Surrey
*Westerham, Kent
*Reigate, Surrey
*Redhill, Surrey
*Dartford, Kent
*Ashford, Kent
*Crawley, West Sussex
*Swanley, Kent
*Meopham, Kent
*Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire
*Chertsey, Surrey
*Maidstone, Kent
*Orpington, Greater London
Introduction
Pseudo-orders or self-styled orders are private associations which profess to be Orders of Chivalry. Some are either recreations of specific medieval orders, or imitations of medieval or monarchical orders without specific reference to This is problem mainly in Europe and in the Americas, where these entities keep on appearing and recruiting members. Sometimes developing a highly meritory hospitaller or benefactor activity, these organizations generally adopt the name, style, classes, insignia and dignities of historical military orders or of orders of Knighthood claiming often to be their inheritors. Playing with the modern renewed attraction to the historical Orders of Knighthood and its long lost traditions, these bogus orders seem to fill a gap in people's ever growing quest for honours and distinctions, otherwise difficult to obtain in our democratic, egalitarian and levelled western societies. Amongst these self-styled orders, the pretended imitations of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the extinct Knights Templar are quite common.
The self-styled orders present nonetheless some common characteristics:
1. The fact of having been long ago supressed by the Holy See, Protector of all the military religious orders founded in the Medieval Ages, in the Holy Land or in the Iberian Peninsula;
2. None of the Western sovereign states recognises them as Orders of Knighthood;
3. They generally claim to be under the high protection or headed by Patriarchs, who although of Christian creed, are not Catholic Roman, or they claim to be headed by 'forgotten' Prince.
4. Close links to false titles of nobility.
Although bona fide orders have been created out of private initiative for charitable, military or religious purposes ever since the original order of Saint John (now known as Malta), since the 19th century there has been a large number of orders created either to satisfy personal vanity, or to enrich a group of people (or both). Not all recently created orders of chivalry need be condemned by such a blanket statement, but caveat emptor remains the rule.
History
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries several similar organizations emerged, encouraged by the interest in chivalry inspired by writers such as Sir Walter Scott. These included the "Order of Saint Joachim" (which asserted the support of Admiral Lord Nelson), the "Order of Saint Hubert of Bar", a false "Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem", the "Order of the Temple of Jerusalem" (one of several "rediscoveries" of the supposed secret Order) and the Order of Saint George of Burgundy" which all had brief lives, generally thanks to the sponsorship of one individual, often using an invented title.
Bibliography
*Gillingham, H. E. Ephemeral Decorations. New York, 1935. American Numismatical Society: Numismatic Notes and Mongraphs 66.
*Chaffanjon, Arnaud and Bertrand Galimard-Flavigny. Ordres & contre-ordres de chevalerie. Paris : Mercure de France, 1982.
* World Orders of Knighthood and Merit, Guy Stair Sainty, Rafal Heydel-Mankoo, London 2006
Pseudo-orders or self-styled orders are private associations which profess to be Orders of Chivalry. Some are either recreations of specific medieval orders, or imitations of medieval or monarchical orders without specific reference to This is problem mainly in Europe and in the Americas, where these entities keep on appearing and recruiting members. Sometimes developing a highly meritory hospitaller or benefactor activity, these organizations generally adopt the name, style, classes, insignia and dignities of historical military orders or of orders of Knighthood claiming often to be their inheritors. Playing with the modern renewed attraction to the historical Orders of Knighthood and its long lost traditions, these bogus orders seem to fill a gap in people's ever growing quest for honours and distinctions, otherwise difficult to obtain in our democratic, egalitarian and levelled western societies. Amongst these self-styled orders, the pretended imitations of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, or of the extinct Knights Templar are quite common.
The self-styled orders present nonetheless some common characteristics:
1. The fact of having been long ago supressed by the Holy See, Protector of all the military religious orders founded in the Medieval Ages, in the Holy Land or in the Iberian Peninsula;
2. None of the Western sovereign states recognises them as Orders of Knighthood;
3. They generally claim to be under the high protection or headed by Patriarchs, who although of Christian creed, are not Catholic Roman, or they claim to be headed by 'forgotten' Prince.
4. Close links to false titles of nobility.
Although bona fide orders have been created out of private initiative for charitable, military or religious purposes ever since the original order of Saint John (now known as Malta), since the 19th century there has been a large number of orders created either to satisfy personal vanity, or to enrich a group of people (or both). Not all recently created orders of chivalry need be condemned by such a blanket statement, but caveat emptor remains the rule.
History
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries several similar organizations emerged, encouraged by the interest in chivalry inspired by writers such as Sir Walter Scott. These included the "Order of Saint Joachim" (which asserted the support of Admiral Lord Nelson), the "Order of Saint Hubert of Bar", a false "Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem", the "Order of the Temple of Jerusalem" (one of several "rediscoveries" of the supposed secret Order) and the Order of Saint George of Burgundy" which all had brief lives, generally thanks to the sponsorship of one individual, often using an invented title.
Bibliography
*Gillingham, H. E. Ephemeral Decorations. New York, 1935. American Numismatical Society: Numismatic Notes and Mongraphs 66.
*Chaffanjon, Arnaud and Bertrand Galimard-Flavigny. Ordres & contre-ordres de chevalerie. Paris : Mercure de France, 1982.
* World Orders of Knighthood and Merit, Guy Stair Sainty, Rafal Heydel-Mankoo, London 2006
Ashlene Nand is a marketing professional and music journalist from Sydney, Australia who is currently residing in New York City. She began her career writing for local press and soon moved to New York for her career. Concentrating on the R&B and Hip-Hop music scene, Ashlene was able to capitalize on the growing demand for the music back home and shortly after arriving to New York she became the U.S. Correspondent for Urban Hitz Australia, a leading publication concentrating on urban culture and lifestyle. Ashlene also became a Senior Writer for the leading hip-hop website, allhiphop.com and her recent credits include , Hip-Hop’s leading publication.
Career
In 1996 Ashlene, who was in high school at the time, put aside her holiday earnings to publish her own magazine playfully titled Hot Ashes. With help from owners of a local hip-hop shop, she published two issues before running out of money. Two years later her sister, Anoushka Nand, offered to place the magazine online. Today HotAshes.com.au is the largest portal for South Asian youth in Australia and offers an exclusive look at the Australian Desi scene through event listings and exclusive interviews.
Ashlene continued to chase the urban market, where she found a real passion. In 2002 Ashlene began her own company MUMA: Marketing Urban Music Australia catering to the music industry and expanding the local knowledge of underground Hip-Hop artists. Through MUMA, Ashlene interviewed a range of artists such as freestyler Jin, DJ Green Lantern, and Usher.
Ashlene’s career took off in 2004, when she moved to New York City after graduating from the University of Western Sydney with a Bachelor in Business and major in Marketing. In 2005 Ashlene flew to Jamaica to interview Missy Elliott which included a candid, open conversation about her childhood. Since then she has also interviewed high-caliber artists such as Enrique Iglesias and Mary J Blige.
In that same year, Ashlene decided to expand her career and start her own record label. Ashlene, who has a Fiji-Indian background and incidentally grew up on Bollywood movies, began Bollyhood Records focusing on Indian Hip-Hop & R&B. Her first release was a compilation titled “Bhood: A Collaboration of Indian & Urban artists” and included original, exclusive musical blends such as Bhangra group RDB with Dancehall artist Elephant Man on the underground hit “Ishq Naag (Love Bites)”. The CD has been gaining critical acclaim as the first real album to fuse genres such as Bhangra, Hip-Hop, and Dancehall. Bollyhood Records continues to find its niche in the market.
Ashlene continues to pursue her career as a marketing and communications professional.
External links
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Career
In 1996 Ashlene, who was in high school at the time, put aside her holiday earnings to publish her own magazine playfully titled Hot Ashes. With help from owners of a local hip-hop shop, she published two issues before running out of money. Two years later her sister, Anoushka Nand, offered to place the magazine online. Today HotAshes.com.au is the largest portal for South Asian youth in Australia and offers an exclusive look at the Australian Desi scene through event listings and exclusive interviews.
Ashlene continued to chase the urban market, where she found a real passion. In 2002 Ashlene began her own company MUMA: Marketing Urban Music Australia catering to the music industry and expanding the local knowledge of underground Hip-Hop artists. Through MUMA, Ashlene interviewed a range of artists such as freestyler Jin, DJ Green Lantern, and Usher.
Ashlene’s career took off in 2004, when she moved to New York City after graduating from the University of Western Sydney with a Bachelor in Business and major in Marketing. In 2005 Ashlene flew to Jamaica to interview Missy Elliott which included a candid, open conversation about her childhood. Since then she has also interviewed high-caliber artists such as Enrique Iglesias and Mary J Blige.
In that same year, Ashlene decided to expand her career and start her own record label. Ashlene, who has a Fiji-Indian background and incidentally grew up on Bollywood movies, began Bollyhood Records focusing on Indian Hip-Hop & R&B. Her first release was a compilation titled “Bhood: A Collaboration of Indian & Urban artists” and included original, exclusive musical blends such as Bhangra group RDB with Dancehall artist Elephant Man on the underground hit “Ishq Naag (Love Bites)”. The CD has been gaining critical acclaim as the first real album to fuse genres such as Bhangra, Hip-Hop, and Dancehall. Bollyhood Records continues to find its niche in the market.
Ashlene continues to pursue her career as a marketing and communications professional.
External links
*
*
BulletProof Messenger was the 12th artist to reach 50K on SellaBand
Overview
Formerly knows as Gone To Earth, BulletProof Messenger is an electronic rock band from NY. Recently, the group has toured with many national acts including major recording artists Incubus, Trapt, Collective Soul, Blindside, Adema and more, performing overseas as well as in the United States. The band has also received recognition through such media sources as Fox Television, MTV, CBS, Newsday, Press and Sun News, Clear Channel Radio - (Winners of 92.5 KGB FM Battle of the Bands), XM Satellite Radio, etc. Furthermore, the group has gained a large following through extensive touring and a significant amount of radio airplay; and is featured on MySpace as one of their top 50 Un-signed acts. Most recently the group has completed their full length release, engineered by Tony Dawsey (NIN, Kid Rock, Jay-Z).
Biography
Formed by Programmer Matt Litwin and Guitarist Voley Martin, BulletProof Messenger experimented with many styles and underwent a great deal of change before finding their niche. While the music is melodic enough to attract alternative rock fans, the guitar riffs attract even metal listeners. Couple this with layers of programming and electronics, BPM creates a completely new dynamic. These variety of influences are clearly reflected in the music and live performances.
Unwilling to compromise with the sound with poor vocals, after a grueling three year search for a singer, vocalist Marcus Klavan joined the band. His dedication was immediately evident when he relocated from his home in Maryland to Long Island, NY.
Immediately following Marcus' incorporation into the group, the band caught their big break. Incubus chose the band to perform as their opening act after consideration of countless applicants. This show ignited the following year’s touring schedule.
Later that year, the band was selected to perform in the 92.5 KGB FM Clear Channel Battle of the Bands. The band went on to win the competition, turning heads along the way with their newest addition drummer, Alex Straiter. His energy at live performances and unique style brought an exciting new dynamic to the sound of BulletProof Messenger.
Following this success, the band was selected by Collective Soul to be the direct opener for the release of their new album. Just days later, the band was selected by XM Satellite Radio as one of the top unsigned acts in the country and was selected by the band Trapt to open their shows.
Since that time, two new members were added to the group: Jesse Downing, former bassist for Shootyz Groove, and Scott Martin on guitar. As a result of these two new members, the sound and live presence of the group were all enhanced.
After a year and a half in pre-production and 3 months in the studio, working with noteworthy individuals such as Tony Dawsey (NIN, Jay-Z, Kid Rock) BulletProof Messenger completed their self produced debut release, “The Crucial Line”, released in November 2006.
Following the band’s debut release, in mid 2007, BulletProof Messenger was selected from over 3,000 acts world wide, to perform a special showcase for Sellaband.com at the Gibson Guitar Studios in London. This show attracted the attention of various international music press and greatly increased the bands international following.
Discography
The Crucial Line - 2006, Lo-Fidelity Publishing
Overview
Formerly knows as Gone To Earth, BulletProof Messenger is an electronic rock band from NY. Recently, the group has toured with many national acts including major recording artists Incubus, Trapt, Collective Soul, Blindside, Adema and more, performing overseas as well as in the United States. The band has also received recognition through such media sources as Fox Television, MTV, CBS, Newsday, Press and Sun News, Clear Channel Radio - (Winners of 92.5 KGB FM Battle of the Bands), XM Satellite Radio, etc. Furthermore, the group has gained a large following through extensive touring and a significant amount of radio airplay; and is featured on MySpace as one of their top 50 Un-signed acts. Most recently the group has completed their full length release, engineered by Tony Dawsey (NIN, Kid Rock, Jay-Z).
Biography
Formed by Programmer Matt Litwin and Guitarist Voley Martin, BulletProof Messenger experimented with many styles and underwent a great deal of change before finding their niche. While the music is melodic enough to attract alternative rock fans, the guitar riffs attract even metal listeners. Couple this with layers of programming and electronics, BPM creates a completely new dynamic. These variety of influences are clearly reflected in the music and live performances.
Unwilling to compromise with the sound with poor vocals, after a grueling three year search for a singer, vocalist Marcus Klavan joined the band. His dedication was immediately evident when he relocated from his home in Maryland to Long Island, NY.
Immediately following Marcus' incorporation into the group, the band caught their big break. Incubus chose the band to perform as their opening act after consideration of countless applicants. This show ignited the following year’s touring schedule.
Later that year, the band was selected to perform in the 92.5 KGB FM Clear Channel Battle of the Bands. The band went on to win the competition, turning heads along the way with their newest addition drummer, Alex Straiter. His energy at live performances and unique style brought an exciting new dynamic to the sound of BulletProof Messenger.
Following this success, the band was selected by Collective Soul to be the direct opener for the release of their new album. Just days later, the band was selected by XM Satellite Radio as one of the top unsigned acts in the country and was selected by the band Trapt to open their shows.
Since that time, two new members were added to the group: Jesse Downing, former bassist for Shootyz Groove, and Scott Martin on guitar. As a result of these two new members, the sound and live presence of the group were all enhanced.
After a year and a half in pre-production and 3 months in the studio, working with noteworthy individuals such as Tony Dawsey (NIN, Jay-Z, Kid Rock) BulletProof Messenger completed their self produced debut release, “The Crucial Line”, released in November 2006.
Following the band’s debut release, in mid 2007, BulletProof Messenger was selected from over 3,000 acts world wide, to perform a special showcase for Sellaband.com at the Gibson Guitar Studios in London. This show attracted the attention of various international music press and greatly increased the bands international following.
Discography
The Crucial Line - 2006, Lo-Fidelity Publishing