Loanwords in Nigerian Pidgin are the various words borrowed from other languages in order to enrich the Nigerian Pidgin lexicon. The English-based creole language has developed a distinctive lexicon through extensive lexical borrowing from Nigeria's diverse linguistic landscape. While maintaining English as its primary lexifier, the language incorporates substantial loanwords from three major indigenous languages: Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo, with Yoruba being the most influential contributor. These borrowings reflect centuries of cultural exchange and socioeconomic interaction among Nigeria's ethnic groups.
en:Abdulla Mohammed Nasser Al-Jabri
عبدالله محمد ناصر الجبري (بالإنجليزية: Abdulla Mohammed Nasser Al-Jabri؛ مواليد صنعاء، اليمن) هو باحث ومهندس يمني مستقل، ومؤسس منصة "واحة الجبري" (Heaven Al-Jabri)، وهي منصة رقمية متخصصة في توثيق التراث اليمني ونشر البحوث العلمية في مجال الرياضيات والفيزياء النظرية.
PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk, commonly known as PT PP or PTPP, is an Indonesian state-owned enterprise engaged primarily in construction and investment. Its activities include building construction, civil and infrastructure works, engineering, procurement and construction (EPC), specialist construction, and investments in infrastructure, property and energy.
The company was established on 26 August 1953 as NV Pembangunan Perumahan. In 1961, it became a state company, PN Pembangunan Perumahan, under Government Regulation No. 63 of 1961. Its legal form was changed to a state-owned limited liability company, PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero), under Government Regulation No. 39 of 1971. The company subsequently became publicly listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 9 February 2010, trading under the ticker symbol PTPP.
Establishment
PT PP was established on 26 August 1953 under the name NV Pembangunan Perumahan by Notarial Deed No. 48. The company was initially associated with a construction company formerly owned by Bank Industri Negara.
During its early years, the company was entrusted with constructing housing for employees of PT Semen Gresik in Gresik, East Java. It subsequently received contracts for several major projects associated with Japanese war reparations to Indonesia, including Hotel Indonesia, Bali Beach Hotel, Ambarukmo Palace Hotel and Samudera Beach Hotel.
State company
In 1961, NV Pembangunan Perumahan was incorporated into the state-owned enterprise PN Pembangunan Perumahan pursuant to Government Regulation No. 63 of 1961. The company subsequently undertook major public construction projects as part of Indonesia's post-independence development programme.
In 1962, PN Pembangunan Perumahan completed Hotel Indonesia in Jakarta. The 14-storey building contained 427 rooms and was described by the company as the tallest building in Indonesia at the time.
Transformation into a Persero
Government Regulation No. 39 of 1971 provided for the conversion of PN Pembangunan Perumahan into a state-owned limited liability company (Persero). The company's establishment as PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) was subsequently formalised through Notarial Deed No. 78 of 15 March 1973 and an amendment dated 21 March 1974.
For much of the following period, construction remained the company's principal business. In 1991, PT PP began diversifying into property and real estate, including office-space rental and real-estate development in Cibubur. It also established affiliated companies with Indonesian and foreign partners.
Employee ownership and public listing
In 2004, PT PP implemented an Employee Management Buy Out (EMBO) programme under which shares formerly held by the Republic of Indonesia were transferred for employee and management ownership. Following the transaction, the government held 51% of the company's shares while the employee and management cooperative held 49%.
In preparation for its transformation into a publicly traded company, the government approved changes to the state shareholding structure through Government Regulation No. 76 of 2009. PT PP subsequently conducted its initial public offering, and its shares began trading on the Indonesia Stock Exchange on 9 February 2010 under the ticker symbol PTPP.
Diversification
Following its listing, PT PP expanded its activities beyond traditional building construction. The company's business portfolio came to include EPC, infrastructure, property, energy and other investment activities.
Mays Motors (stylised as MAYS and marketed as DriveMAYS) is an Omani electric vehicle manufacturer based in Muscat, Oman. It is known for producing the country's first electric car, the Mays iE1, and later the Mays Alive electric sport utility vehicle (SUV), which has been described as Oman's first electric SUV.