Walter E. Klippel, Ph.D. (born June 11, 1942), is an archaeologist and a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville with research interests in American Archaeology, Archaeological Method and Theory, Cultural Ecology, Geoarchaeology, Taphonomy, and North American, Caribbean, and Mediterranean Zooarchaeology[http://web.utk.edu/~anthrop/faculty/klippel.html]. Klippel has been heavily involved with the analyses of faunal remains at the Brimstone Hill fortress site on the island of St. Kitts.
Introduction
Dr. Klippel’s interest in archaeology, specifically zooarchaeology, began between his junior and senior year at Central College in Pella, Iowa. The summer between these years, he participated in a field school at an Oneota culture site in Missouri. There he helped excavate several storage pits, some which were used for refuse and contained many faunal remains; this interaction sparked his interest in zooarchaeology. Although the college did not specifically have an anthropology major at the time, he received his degree in sociology and pursued his master’s in anthropology at the University of Missouri, Columbia. His chair there, Carl Chapman, influenced and guided Klippel; Chapman was a generalist some consider him to be the father of professional archaeology in Missouri. He allowed and supported Klippel’s studies in zooarchaeology, which were not as popular then in the 1960s as they are today. While working at the Illinois State Museum in Springfield, Dr. Klippel worked with Paul Parmalee, one of the first persons associated with the study of zooarchaeology in North America. Parmalee, a zoologist and biologist, assisted Klippel with his dissertation research by helping him identify faunal remains. He and Klippel later worked together on several projects for the Tennessee Valley Authority, including excavations Cheek Bend Cave. Dr. Klippel’s major archaeological interest is certainly zooarchaeology, or animal bone studies, with a specialization in fish. He has researched aquatic resources in a prehistoric and historic context, covering such topics as freshwater mussels as a prehistoric food source and estimating fish live weights from the archaeological record.
Background
Klippel was born in Meadville, PA. He received his B.A. in Sociology from Central College in Pella, Iowa in 1963. The following year, he married his wife, Susan L. Leach, on June 20; they have two children - Donald Blain and Robert Henry. Klippel received his M.A. in Anthropology from the University of Missouri, Columbia in 1965 with his thesis covering an archaeological survey of the Osage River in central Missouri; he received his Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1971 from the same institution, with a dissertation on Prehistory and Environmental Change along the Southern Border of the Prairie Peninsula during the Archaic Period. Through his career, Dr. Klippel has taught at several universities and has conducted research projects in Tennessee, Alabama, the Caribbean, and Greece. He is currently a professor at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville.
Employment History
Dr. Klippel began as a Research Assistant, then a Research Associate with the University of Missouri, Columbia from 1964 to 1969. He then held a position at the Illinois State Museum in Springfield as an Associate Curator of Anthropology from 1970 to 1972, and from 1973 to 1977 he was the Curator and head of the Anthropology Section of the museum. Also, during this time (1973-1976) he was an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois. Dr. Klippel began his teaching career at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1977 and his career as co-director, along with Dr.Bill Bass, with the Midsouth Anthropological Research Center of Knoxville in 1979. This research center was established so that contract archaeologists could perform Phase 1 and Phase II day jobs outside of the normal university system, which allowed them to work in a much more timely fashion. Up until the mid 90s, Dr. Klippel was mostly involved in contracted archaeology with the Midsouth Anthropological Research Center. However, he ended contracting in 1993 when he began teaching full-time at UT. Dr. Klippel was also the Interim Director of the Frank H. McClung Museum of Knoxville in 1990 and a Senior Fellow for the Wiener Laboratory at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece in 1992. His list of courses taught include Advanced Seminar in Archaeology, Cultural Ecology, Environment and Archaeology, Field Method in Archaeology, Midwestern Archaeology, North American Prehistory, Principles of Zooarchaeology, Laboratory Studies of the Vertebrate Skeleton, and Taphonomy and Site Formation Processes.
Research Emphases
Klippel has been involved in a wide variety of research topics throughout his career, including research on post-mortem scavengers’, such as rats, squirrels, and raccoons, effects on the taphonomic processes of deceased human individuals for forensic use - projects he has worked on extensively with Jennifer Synstelien, M.A. and Michelle Hamilton, Ph.D. at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville’s Forensic Anthropology Center. The rat and squirrel projects were done in order to help estimate the time since death of deceased individuals in the forensic context. Dr. Klippel has also researched the historical context and inland use of Atlantic cod and Atlantic mackerel in relation to socioeconomic status with CR Falk and Judy Sichler. The studies conducted with CR Falk were in relation to Montana goldminers’ eating barreled cod shipped from Nova Scotia in order to save time and energy. Klippel has also assisted fellow UT Professor, Dr. Gerald Schroedl, at the Brimstone Hill site on the island of St. Kitts. Dr. Klippel conducted research on African craftsmen and their use of cattle bone discs to make buttons with Schroedl, and analyzed the carbon isotopes of cattle bones found near slave quarters. He found that the slaves’ beef had been mostly barreled in from Europe or North America, making it clear that the food was being provisioned for them. Dr. Klippel has been conducting research at Brimstone Hill since the late 90s. Currently, studies are being done in order to compare the slaves’, engineers’, and enlisted men’s diets, specifically what they ate and from where it came.
Sponsored Research Projects
Throughout his career, Dr. Klippel has worked on several sponsored research projects. Several of these have been for the Tennessee Valley Authority, with emphases including prehistoric cultural adaptation to Holocene environments in Middle Tennessee, the paleontology and excavation of Cheek Bend Cave, an archaeological survey of the Watts Bar Reservoir, East Tennessee, and archaeological investigations of Osceola Island, Sullivan County, Tennessee. Some of these projects were done in order for TVA to implement a new reservoir. Klippel and Paul Parmalee worked on excavating the area for approximately eight years, but the damn that was finally built was never implemented. Klippel also worked for the National Park Service, excavating the Late Mississippian Averbuch site near Nasville, TN; several skeletal and dental studies have been conducted using the remains found at Averbuch. Currently, Dr. Klippel is working with the University of South Alabama at Plash Island, Orange Beach, and at the Corps Site. The university has an active applied and contract archaeology program, but no faunal capabilities, thus Klippel is identifying 10,000 to 11,000 animal skeletons for them at these sites, most of those being Gulf species of fish.
Selected Papers and Books
Klippel, WE and PW Parmalee, 1974, Freshwater mussels as a prehistoric food resource. American Antiquity 39(3): 421-434.
Klippel, WE, DF Morey, and BL Manzano. 1991. Estimation of live weight of fish recovered from archaeological sites. Beamers, Bobwhites, and Blue-Points: Tributes to theCareer of Paul W. Parmalee. James R. Purdue, Walter E. Klippel, and Bonnie W. Styles, eds. Pp. 92-98. Springfield: Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers Vol. 23.
Klippel, W.E. and G.F. Schroedl 1999. African slave craftsmen and single-hole bone discs from Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, West Indies. Post-Medieval Archaeology 33:222-232.
Klippel, W.E. and L.M. Snyder 1999. Harvest profiles, domestic ovicaprids, and Bronze Age Crete. The Practical Impact of Science on Aegean and Near Eastern Archaeology, edited by S. Pike and S. Gitin. Archetype, London.
Stafford, T.W., H.A. Semken, R.W. Graham, W.E. Klippel A. Markova, N. Smirnov, and J. Southon 1999. First accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities. Geology 27(10):903-906.
Klippel, W.E. 2001. Sugar monoculture, bovid skeletal part frequency, and stable carbon isotopes: Interpreting enslaved African diet at Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, West Indies. Journal of Archaeological Science 28:1191-1198.
Klippel, W. E. and C.R. Falk 2002. Atlantic cod in the Missouri River: Gadus morhua from the Steamboat Bertrand. Archaeofauna 11:23-44.
Klippel, WE and MD Hamilton, May 2003, National Forensic Science Institute; Postmortem Scavenging of Human Remains: Identification, Description, and Time Since Death Indicators. Sponsored Research Project.
Klippel, W.E. and Sichler, J.A. 2004. North Atlantic fishes in inland context: pickled mackerel (Scombre scombrus) in the Historic Period. Historical Archaeology 38(4):12-24.
Klippel, WE, MD Hamilton, and JA Synstelien, 2005, Raccoon (Procyon lotor) foraging as a taphonomic agent of soft tissue modification and scene alteration. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Vol. 11.
Klippel, WE and JA Synstelien, 2007, Rodents as taphonomic agents: bone gnawing by brown rats and gray squirrels. Journal of Forensic Sciences 52(4): 765-773.
Introduction
Dr. Klippel’s interest in archaeology, specifically zooarchaeology, began between his junior and senior year at Central College in Pella, Iowa. The summer between these years, he participated in a field school at an Oneota culture site in Missouri. There he helped excavate several storage pits, some which were used for refuse and contained many faunal remains; this interaction sparked his interest in zooarchaeology. Although the college did not specifically have an anthropology major at the time, he received his degree in sociology and pursued his master’s in anthropology at the University of Missouri, Columbia. His chair there, Carl Chapman, influenced and guided Klippel; Chapman was a generalist some consider him to be the father of professional archaeology in Missouri. He allowed and supported Klippel’s studies in zooarchaeology, which were not as popular then in the 1960s as they are today. While working at the Illinois State Museum in Springfield, Dr. Klippel worked with Paul Parmalee, one of the first persons associated with the study of zooarchaeology in North America. Parmalee, a zoologist and biologist, assisted Klippel with his dissertation research by helping him identify faunal remains. He and Klippel later worked together on several projects for the Tennessee Valley Authority, including excavations Cheek Bend Cave. Dr. Klippel’s major archaeological interest is certainly zooarchaeology, or animal bone studies, with a specialization in fish. He has researched aquatic resources in a prehistoric and historic context, covering such topics as freshwater mussels as a prehistoric food source and estimating fish live weights from the archaeological record.
Background
Klippel was born in Meadville, PA. He received his B.A. in Sociology from Central College in Pella, Iowa in 1963. The following year, he married his wife, Susan L. Leach, on June 20; they have two children - Donald Blain and Robert Henry. Klippel received his M.A. in Anthropology from the University of Missouri, Columbia in 1965 with his thesis covering an archaeological survey of the Osage River in central Missouri; he received his Ph.D. in Anthropology in 1971 from the same institution, with a dissertation on Prehistory and Environmental Change along the Southern Border of the Prairie Peninsula during the Archaic Period. Through his career, Dr. Klippel has taught at several universities and has conducted research projects in Tennessee, Alabama, the Caribbean, and Greece. He is currently a professor at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville.
Employment History
Dr. Klippel began as a Research Assistant, then a Research Associate with the University of Missouri, Columbia from 1964 to 1969. He then held a position at the Illinois State Museum in Springfield as an Associate Curator of Anthropology from 1970 to 1972, and from 1973 to 1977 he was the Curator and head of the Anthropology Section of the museum. Also, during this time (1973-1976) he was an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois. Dr. Klippel began his teaching career at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1977 and his career as co-director, along with Dr.Bill Bass, with the Midsouth Anthropological Research Center of Knoxville in 1979. This research center was established so that contract archaeologists could perform Phase 1 and Phase II day jobs outside of the normal university system, which allowed them to work in a much more timely fashion. Up until the mid 90s, Dr. Klippel was mostly involved in contracted archaeology with the Midsouth Anthropological Research Center. However, he ended contracting in 1993 when he began teaching full-time at UT. Dr. Klippel was also the Interim Director of the Frank H. McClung Museum of Knoxville in 1990 and a Senior Fellow for the Wiener Laboratory at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece in 1992. His list of courses taught include Advanced Seminar in Archaeology, Cultural Ecology, Environment and Archaeology, Field Method in Archaeology, Midwestern Archaeology, North American Prehistory, Principles of Zooarchaeology, Laboratory Studies of the Vertebrate Skeleton, and Taphonomy and Site Formation Processes.
Research Emphases
Klippel has been involved in a wide variety of research topics throughout his career, including research on post-mortem scavengers’, such as rats, squirrels, and raccoons, effects on the taphonomic processes of deceased human individuals for forensic use - projects he has worked on extensively with Jennifer Synstelien, M.A. and Michelle Hamilton, Ph.D. at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville’s Forensic Anthropology Center. The rat and squirrel projects were done in order to help estimate the time since death of deceased individuals in the forensic context. Dr. Klippel has also researched the historical context and inland use of Atlantic cod and Atlantic mackerel in relation to socioeconomic status with CR Falk and Judy Sichler. The studies conducted with CR Falk were in relation to Montana goldminers’ eating barreled cod shipped from Nova Scotia in order to save time and energy. Klippel has also assisted fellow UT Professor, Dr. Gerald Schroedl, at the Brimstone Hill site on the island of St. Kitts. Dr. Klippel conducted research on African craftsmen and their use of cattle bone discs to make buttons with Schroedl, and analyzed the carbon isotopes of cattle bones found near slave quarters. He found that the slaves’ beef had been mostly barreled in from Europe or North America, making it clear that the food was being provisioned for them. Dr. Klippel has been conducting research at Brimstone Hill since the late 90s. Currently, studies are being done in order to compare the slaves’, engineers’, and enlisted men’s diets, specifically what they ate and from where it came.
Sponsored Research Projects
Throughout his career, Dr. Klippel has worked on several sponsored research projects. Several of these have been for the Tennessee Valley Authority, with emphases including prehistoric cultural adaptation to Holocene environments in Middle Tennessee, the paleontology and excavation of Cheek Bend Cave, an archaeological survey of the Watts Bar Reservoir, East Tennessee, and archaeological investigations of Osceola Island, Sullivan County, Tennessee. Some of these projects were done in order for TVA to implement a new reservoir. Klippel and Paul Parmalee worked on excavating the area for approximately eight years, but the damn that was finally built was never implemented. Klippel also worked for the National Park Service, excavating the Late Mississippian Averbuch site near Nasville, TN; several skeletal and dental studies have been conducted using the remains found at Averbuch. Currently, Dr. Klippel is working with the University of South Alabama at Plash Island, Orange Beach, and at the Corps Site. The university has an active applied and contract archaeology program, but no faunal capabilities, thus Klippel is identifying 10,000 to 11,000 animal skeletons for them at these sites, most of those being Gulf species of fish.
Selected Papers and Books
Klippel, WE and PW Parmalee, 1974, Freshwater mussels as a prehistoric food resource. American Antiquity 39(3): 421-434.
Klippel, WE, DF Morey, and BL Manzano. 1991. Estimation of live weight of fish recovered from archaeological sites. Beamers, Bobwhites, and Blue-Points: Tributes to theCareer of Paul W. Parmalee. James R. Purdue, Walter E. Klippel, and Bonnie W. Styles, eds. Pp. 92-98. Springfield: Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers Vol. 23.
Klippel, W.E. and G.F. Schroedl 1999. African slave craftsmen and single-hole bone discs from Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, West Indies. Post-Medieval Archaeology 33:222-232.
Klippel, W.E. and L.M. Snyder 1999. Harvest profiles, domestic ovicaprids, and Bronze Age Crete. The Practical Impact of Science on Aegean and Near Eastern Archaeology, edited by S. Pike and S. Gitin. Archetype, London.
Stafford, T.W., H.A. Semken, R.W. Graham, W.E. Klippel A. Markova, N. Smirnov, and J. Southon 1999. First accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates documenting contemporaneity of nonanalog species in late Pleistocene mammal communities. Geology 27(10):903-906.
Klippel, W.E. 2001. Sugar monoculture, bovid skeletal part frequency, and stable carbon isotopes: Interpreting enslaved African diet at Brimstone Hill, St. Kitts, West Indies. Journal of Archaeological Science 28:1191-1198.
Klippel, W. E. and C.R. Falk 2002. Atlantic cod in the Missouri River: Gadus morhua from the Steamboat Bertrand. Archaeofauna 11:23-44.
Klippel, WE and MD Hamilton, May 2003, National Forensic Science Institute; Postmortem Scavenging of Human Remains: Identification, Description, and Time Since Death Indicators. Sponsored Research Project.
Klippel, W.E. and Sichler, J.A. 2004. North Atlantic fishes in inland context: pickled mackerel (Scombre scombrus) in the Historic Period. Historical Archaeology 38(4):12-24.
Klippel, WE, MD Hamilton, and JA Synstelien, 2005, Raccoon (Procyon lotor) foraging as a taphonomic agent of soft tissue modification and scene alteration. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Vol. 11.
Klippel, WE and JA Synstelien, 2007, Rodents as taphonomic agents: bone gnawing by brown rats and gray squirrels. Journal of Forensic Sciences 52(4): 765-773.
Are You Interested is an online dating community that utilizes the internet and social networks such as Facebook and My Space to help singles meet. Meeting people thru online communities and social networks represent a cultural shift and gives people a different type of experience than traditional dating. Recent data from Piper Jaffray investment research said that Americans spent $1.2 billion on online matching sites in 2008, and the company predicted that would rise to $1.7 billion by 2013 .
Overview
Social network dating it is a natural extension of something you're probably doing already: connecting with people on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Are You Interested enables its users to meet and connect with others within the context of their online social networks and thru the use of their iPhone. Singles can join Are You Interested by adding the Are You Interested application through Facebook, Bebo, Hi5, Friendster, and MySpace, or by signing up at Are You Interested.com. Users can download their picture from their social networks or add a different picture and immediately begin meeting others. Are You Interested users can connect with each other by clicking on "Yes" on other users pictures and by sending messages and virtual gifts. The growth of these types of applications are evidenced in the amount of people that are now using them instead of traditional ways of meeting people. “The beautiful thing is that we’ve developed an online dating model that works very well on the social networks,” says CEO Cliff Lerner, who co-founded SNAP with his brother, Darrell Lerner. “People are engaged; they come back over and over. As these new opportunities open up, we can duplicate what we’ve created. There are many other large social networks that we haven’t begun to leverage. We have a product that works and will incremental users and revenues.”
The facebook application currently has 13,000,000 installations and averages nearly 1,000,000 daily visits.
After its start in August of 2007, Snap rose rapidly in the Internet dating world. Less than a year later, Are You Interested and Snap’s other Facebook application, Meet New People, rival the top dating sites, Mr. Lerner contends, without spending money on marketing.
Mobile Dating
As an extension and evolution of SNAP's popular Facebook® Platform dating application, the iPhone application was added in the first quarter of 2009 and is further proof that dating is going thru major changes.
An article in the New York Times that reviewed successful iPhone applications when SNAP was launching their iPhone application read “That’s why there are mobile apps that let you know who is on the market and how close by they are. Are You Interested? lets users indicate their level of interest based on profile pictures and allows matches to exchange messages through the platform”.
Overview
Social network dating it is a natural extension of something you're probably doing already: connecting with people on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Are You Interested enables its users to meet and connect with others within the context of their online social networks and thru the use of their iPhone. Singles can join Are You Interested by adding the Are You Interested application through Facebook, Bebo, Hi5, Friendster, and MySpace, or by signing up at Are You Interested.com. Users can download their picture from their social networks or add a different picture and immediately begin meeting others. Are You Interested users can connect with each other by clicking on "Yes" on other users pictures and by sending messages and virtual gifts. The growth of these types of applications are evidenced in the amount of people that are now using them instead of traditional ways of meeting people. “The beautiful thing is that we’ve developed an online dating model that works very well on the social networks,” says CEO Cliff Lerner, who co-founded SNAP with his brother, Darrell Lerner. “People are engaged; they come back over and over. As these new opportunities open up, we can duplicate what we’ve created. There are many other large social networks that we haven’t begun to leverage. We have a product that works and will incremental users and revenues.”
The facebook application currently has 13,000,000 installations and averages nearly 1,000,000 daily visits.
After its start in August of 2007, Snap rose rapidly in the Internet dating world. Less than a year later, Are You Interested and Snap’s other Facebook application, Meet New People, rival the top dating sites, Mr. Lerner contends, without spending money on marketing.
Mobile Dating
As an extension and evolution of SNAP's popular Facebook® Platform dating application, the iPhone application was added in the first quarter of 2009 and is further proof that dating is going thru major changes.
An article in the New York Times that reviewed successful iPhone applications when SNAP was launching their iPhone application read “That’s why there are mobile apps that let you know who is on the market and how close by they are. Are You Interested? lets users indicate their level of interest based on profile pictures and allows matches to exchange messages through the platform”.
The Hapes Consortium was the ruling government and consortium of the Hapes Cluster. A hereditary monarchy based on the capital world of Hapes, it ruled over the region in isolation since before 3,000 BBY, protected by the Transitory Mists. It spanned 63 closely positioned star systems, each with an inhabited world.
Overview
The Hapans were ruled by the Queen Mother, who held court at either the Fountain Palace when on Hapes, or aboard the royal transport ship Star Home when traveling abroad. The title of Queen Mother was hereditary, passed down from mother to daughter. If the Queen Mother failed to have daughters, the wife of the firstborn son became Queen Mother. However, to be in the line of succession meant both the Queen Mother and her heirs had to avoid constant attempts on their lives by jealous relatives who vied for the throne themselves.
In addition to the Queen Mother, there were also representatives from each Consortium member planet at the Royal Court. Their main purpose was to vote on matters of importance and to give updates on any political and social conditions of their home planets that may require the Queen Mother's attention. The Queen Mother had the final say on everything, and her word was considered law.
History
After the defeat of the Lorell Raiders at the hands of the Jedi, the remaining population of Hapes, most of whom were female, decided to create a new government system which gave power to one woman. Given the title of Queen Mother, the chosen woman united the planets of the Hapes Cluster and formed the basis of the Hapes Consortium. Later on, she would commission the building of Star Home, a mobile replica of the Fountain Palace on Hapes that she would use when traveling abroad.
Around the same time Star Home was completed, the first Queen Mother sealed the borders of the Hapes Consortium from any outsiders and quickly captured more planets within the Cluster for the Hapans to colonize. After being isolated from the rest of the galaxy for almost 3000 years, the Hapes Consortium only opened its borders to the rest of the galaxy in 8 ABY after an alliance was made between Queen Mother Ta'a Chume and representatives of the New Republic.
As of 27 ABY, the Queen Mother was Tenel Ka Chume Ta' Djo. In 36 ABY, her daughter and heir Allana was born. During the Second Galactic Civil War, the Corellian leadership planned on drawing the Consortium into the war on their side by assassinating Tenel Ka and Allana. The result of their assassination attempt failed.
During the Sith-Imperial War and the Second Imperial Civil War that followed, Hapes remained neutral.
Culture
Hapan culture, at least among the upper classes, was based on assassination attempts and struggles for power. Most upper class Hapans would think nothing of arranging the death of one of their own if it would advance their own cause.
The Queen Mother was treated like a goddess by the Hapans, and her selection of a consort was important to all her people. Candidates for the role of consort often came from the nobility, mainly to keep the gene pool vibrant. There were fierce rivalries between many noble houses over which house would get their sons to father the next Queen Mother, and nobles often plotted against both the consort and the heir of the Queen Mother who was not fathered by one of their own. It was because of this that Allana's paternity was kept secret, so all the noble houses would believe that one of their own possibly fathered her and would not harm her.
Due to the matriarchal society of the Hapes Consortium, men were often treated as second class citizens. Although most Hapan males were used mainly for breeding, some held positions of power, although their ability to use it was often limited. Some Hapan men who felt trapped by their position in society often ran away and became pirates. These men hid out in the Transitory Mists and preyed on unsuspecting vessels, at least until caught by passing Hapes Nova-class battle cruisers. When captured, they would be put on trial and possibly executed depending on how severe the charge was.
Anti-Jediism was rife among the Hapans, mainly due to the fact that the Lorell Raiders had fallen to the Jedi. This sentiment came to head during the reign of Ni'Korish. Ni'Korish had an immense hatred of Jedi and had done her best to wipe out any that had made their way into the Consortium. Because of this, that had formed among the Hapans during the Yuuzhan Vong War was named after her.
Commerce
The Hapes Consortium was vastly wealthy, with treasures such as rainbow gems and guns of command fetching high prices on both legal and illegal markets.
Even though businesses could operate on any of the 63 planets, Hapan law dictates that all major financial and business transactions must be conducted on Hapes.
Appearances
*The Courtship of Princess Leia
*Children of the Jedi
*Young Jedi Knights: Lightsabers
*Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse
*Edge of Victory I: Conquest
*Star by Star
*Dark Journey
*Destiny's Way
*Tatooine Ghost
*The Unifying Force
*Dark Nest I: The Joiner King
*Dark Nest II: The Unseen Queen
*Betrayal
*Bloodlines
*Tempest
*Exile
*Sacrifice
*Inferno
*Fury
*Revelation
*Invincible
*Blood Oath
*Outcast
*Omen
*Star Wars Legacy 10: Trust Issues, Part 2
Overview
The Hapans were ruled by the Queen Mother, who held court at either the Fountain Palace when on Hapes, or aboard the royal transport ship Star Home when traveling abroad. The title of Queen Mother was hereditary, passed down from mother to daughter. If the Queen Mother failed to have daughters, the wife of the firstborn son became Queen Mother. However, to be in the line of succession meant both the Queen Mother and her heirs had to avoid constant attempts on their lives by jealous relatives who vied for the throne themselves.
In addition to the Queen Mother, there were also representatives from each Consortium member planet at the Royal Court. Their main purpose was to vote on matters of importance and to give updates on any political and social conditions of their home planets that may require the Queen Mother's attention. The Queen Mother had the final say on everything, and her word was considered law.
History
After the defeat of the Lorell Raiders at the hands of the Jedi, the remaining population of Hapes, most of whom were female, decided to create a new government system which gave power to one woman. Given the title of Queen Mother, the chosen woman united the planets of the Hapes Cluster and formed the basis of the Hapes Consortium. Later on, she would commission the building of Star Home, a mobile replica of the Fountain Palace on Hapes that she would use when traveling abroad.
Around the same time Star Home was completed, the first Queen Mother sealed the borders of the Hapes Consortium from any outsiders and quickly captured more planets within the Cluster for the Hapans to colonize. After being isolated from the rest of the galaxy for almost 3000 years, the Hapes Consortium only opened its borders to the rest of the galaxy in 8 ABY after an alliance was made between Queen Mother Ta'a Chume and representatives of the New Republic.
As of 27 ABY, the Queen Mother was Tenel Ka Chume Ta' Djo. In 36 ABY, her daughter and heir Allana was born. During the Second Galactic Civil War, the Corellian leadership planned on drawing the Consortium into the war on their side by assassinating Tenel Ka and Allana. The result of their assassination attempt failed.
During the Sith-Imperial War and the Second Imperial Civil War that followed, Hapes remained neutral.
Culture
Hapan culture, at least among the upper classes, was based on assassination attempts and struggles for power. Most upper class Hapans would think nothing of arranging the death of one of their own if it would advance their own cause.
The Queen Mother was treated like a goddess by the Hapans, and her selection of a consort was important to all her people. Candidates for the role of consort often came from the nobility, mainly to keep the gene pool vibrant. There were fierce rivalries between many noble houses over which house would get their sons to father the next Queen Mother, and nobles often plotted against both the consort and the heir of the Queen Mother who was not fathered by one of their own. It was because of this that Allana's paternity was kept secret, so all the noble houses would believe that one of their own possibly fathered her and would not harm her.
Due to the matriarchal society of the Hapes Consortium, men were often treated as second class citizens. Although most Hapan males were used mainly for breeding, some held positions of power, although their ability to use it was often limited. Some Hapan men who felt trapped by their position in society often ran away and became pirates. These men hid out in the Transitory Mists and preyed on unsuspecting vessels, at least until caught by passing Hapes Nova-class battle cruisers. When captured, they would be put on trial and possibly executed depending on how severe the charge was.
Anti-Jediism was rife among the Hapans, mainly due to the fact that the Lorell Raiders had fallen to the Jedi. This sentiment came to head during the reign of Ni'Korish. Ni'Korish had an immense hatred of Jedi and had done her best to wipe out any that had made their way into the Consortium. Because of this, that had formed among the Hapans during the Yuuzhan Vong War was named after her.
Commerce
The Hapes Consortium was vastly wealthy, with treasures such as rainbow gems and guns of command fetching high prices on both legal and illegal markets.
Even though businesses could operate on any of the 63 planets, Hapan law dictates that all major financial and business transactions must be conducted on Hapes.
Appearances
*The Courtship of Princess Leia
*Children of the Jedi
*Young Jedi Knights: Lightsabers
*Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse
*Edge of Victory I: Conquest
*Star by Star
*Dark Journey
*Destiny's Way
*Tatooine Ghost
*The Unifying Force
*Dark Nest I: The Joiner King
*Dark Nest II: The Unseen Queen
*Betrayal
*Bloodlines
*Tempest
*Exile
*Sacrifice
*Inferno
*Fury
*Revelation
*Invincible
*Blood Oath
*Outcast
*Omen
*Star Wars Legacy 10: Trust Issues, Part 2
Marone Industries is a fictional shipping conglomerate in Los Angeles, California, on the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.
History
Marone Industries was founded by Massimo Marone after he graduated from Northwestern University. It grew into a multinational corporation with ports and offices in Europe, Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East.
For years, Massimo ran Marone Industries with an iron fist as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, but when it was revealed that Ridge Forrester was Massimo’s son, he became Vice Chairman, but later resigned returning to Forrester Creations, but still kept an office at Marone Industries.
Massimo's youngest son Nick Marone also became an executive at Marone Industries after it was revealed Massimo was his father. After tensions became unbearable Nick forced the Marone board to remove Massimo as Chairman and CEO and make him the new CEO but Nick eventually quit to work for his mother at Jackie M Designs.
Other divisions
Marone Industries owns several tankers in the greater Long Beach area.
Marone International
The offices of Marone Industries outside of the United States include Paris, Rome, Venice, and Korea. Massimo Marone's nephew, Oscar Marone works in the Marone Internationals' Holland offices.
Forrester Creations
Nick became furious and out for justice against Stephanie and the Forresters when he heard that Stephanie had thrown his mother over the balcony during an argument. He gave them an ultimatum: give him Forrester Creations or he would make sure that Stephanie went to jail. The Forresters gave Nick their company and it became a subsidiary of Marone Industries.
Nick was removed from the CEO spot at Marone Industries. Nick moved quickly and before Eric could reclaim his company, Nick sold his Marone stock and purchased Forrester Creations greatly angering the Forrester family.
Nearly a year later, in a happier frame of mind, he decided to sell Forrester Creations back to Eric with the condition that he divorce Stephanie and remove her from the company. Eric agreed and they made the deal.
Future of Marone Industries
After Nick sold his stock to a board member named George who presumably took over as CEO but Massimo has a large part of the company's stock. It is not known to what extent Ridge has in the company but as Massimo's eldest son and chosen heir in Massimo's will Ridge is thought to have some association with Marone Industries.
Employees
* Massimo Marone ( founder,Controlling Shareholder,Owner; former Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer)
* Nick Marone (Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors; former Executive)
* Ridge Forrester (Former Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors)
* George Septolino (Senior Member of the Board of Directors)
* Oscar Marone (Employee for Holland headquarters)
History
Marone Industries was founded by Massimo Marone after he graduated from Northwestern University. It grew into a multinational corporation with ports and offices in Europe, Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East.
For years, Massimo ran Marone Industries with an iron fist as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, but when it was revealed that Ridge Forrester was Massimo’s son, he became Vice Chairman, but later resigned returning to Forrester Creations, but still kept an office at Marone Industries.
Massimo's youngest son Nick Marone also became an executive at Marone Industries after it was revealed Massimo was his father. After tensions became unbearable Nick forced the Marone board to remove Massimo as Chairman and CEO and make him the new CEO but Nick eventually quit to work for his mother at Jackie M Designs.
Other divisions
Marone Industries owns several tankers in the greater Long Beach area.
Marone International
The offices of Marone Industries outside of the United States include Paris, Rome, Venice, and Korea. Massimo Marone's nephew, Oscar Marone works in the Marone Internationals' Holland offices.
Forrester Creations
Nick became furious and out for justice against Stephanie and the Forresters when he heard that Stephanie had thrown his mother over the balcony during an argument. He gave them an ultimatum: give him Forrester Creations or he would make sure that Stephanie went to jail. The Forresters gave Nick their company and it became a subsidiary of Marone Industries.
Nick was removed from the CEO spot at Marone Industries. Nick moved quickly and before Eric could reclaim his company, Nick sold his Marone stock and purchased Forrester Creations greatly angering the Forrester family.
Nearly a year later, in a happier frame of mind, he decided to sell Forrester Creations back to Eric with the condition that he divorce Stephanie and remove her from the company. Eric agreed and they made the deal.
Future of Marone Industries
After Nick sold his stock to a board member named George who presumably took over as CEO but Massimo has a large part of the company's stock. It is not known to what extent Ridge has in the company but as Massimo's eldest son and chosen heir in Massimo's will Ridge is thought to have some association with Marone Industries.
Employees
* Massimo Marone ( founder,Controlling Shareholder,Owner; former Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer)
* Nick Marone (Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors; former Executive)
* Ridge Forrester (Former Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors)
* George Septolino (Senior Member of the Board of Directors)
* Oscar Marone (Employee for Holland headquarters)