The Scientific Software Database (SSD) will be launched on January 1st 2010. The SSD currently contains computer programs in FORTRAN,, Maple, MATLAB, Java, python and Sage for a wide assortment of scientific computations in chemical physics, quantum physics, quantum computing, applied mathematics, pure mathematics, bioinformatics, computational genetics, chaos theory, game theory, fractal analysis and computational neuroscience.
Purposes
With the rise of the use of numerical computation as an experimental technique in science, many articles in the scientific literature have been published without confirmation of the veracity of their numerical results, and in many cases, false results have leaked into the literature - either because the authors used a program that had a bug about which they were unaware, or because knew they could cheat the current with false reports and that no one would care to spend the time rewriting a code simply to verify their results. In either case, the SSD community provides an open medium in which scientific programmers share their codes and therefore allows scientific results to be verifiable and in some cases, for codes to be enhanced.
How it works
Authors of programs used for any type of scientific computation can at any time upload their code to the database. Participating authors may choose to share their code for free, or to put a price for its use. In either case, downloads of codes are tracked, and anyone that publishes a paper in a scientific journal, in which the paper was based partially on use of that code, is expected to reference credit the authors appropraitely. Members of the SSD community monitor publications as they are put forth: If a paper is published by an author who has recently downloaded a particular code, and appears to have used that code for simulations leading to the publication without referencing it properly, their privilege to download more codes from the SSD may be severely restricted. The SSD keeps track of which codes appear most useful in the scientific literature based on citations, and authors of highly cited software can be awarded research grants. Premium members (members who have paid a fee) may have their codes reviewed by expert programmers for optimization and algorithm-enhancement or parallelization. Authors may also make downloading of their code restricted on a need for permission basis.
Support and Controversy
While open-source proponents like William Stein, and quantum computing researcher Michael Nielsen (see for example, the prequel to his newest book The Future of Science ) advocate the idea of a more open world of science , many people criticize the aims of the SSD. The two main arguments against the SSD are the fear of code pollution (the fear that source codes let lose can be "polluted" by someone customizing it, and likely changing its mathematical integrity, and then distributing it somewhere untrustworthy), and the lack of virtue in the market portion of the database. People arguing the latter point disagree that scientific code should be sold as a commodity in this manner.
Other open source databases and scientific libraries
www.sourceforge.com
open source
GNU
LAPACK libraries
Purposes
With the rise of the use of numerical computation as an experimental technique in science, many articles in the scientific literature have been published without confirmation of the veracity of their numerical results, and in many cases, false results have leaked into the literature - either because the authors used a program that had a bug about which they were unaware, or because knew they could cheat the current with false reports and that no one would care to spend the time rewriting a code simply to verify their results. In either case, the SSD community provides an open medium in which scientific programmers share their codes and therefore allows scientific results to be verifiable and in some cases, for codes to be enhanced.
How it works
Authors of programs used for any type of scientific computation can at any time upload their code to the database. Participating authors may choose to share their code for free, or to put a price for its use. In either case, downloads of codes are tracked, and anyone that publishes a paper in a scientific journal, in which the paper was based partially on use of that code, is expected to reference credit the authors appropraitely. Members of the SSD community monitor publications as they are put forth: If a paper is published by an author who has recently downloaded a particular code, and appears to have used that code for simulations leading to the publication without referencing it properly, their privilege to download more codes from the SSD may be severely restricted. The SSD keeps track of which codes appear most useful in the scientific literature based on citations, and authors of highly cited software can be awarded research grants. Premium members (members who have paid a fee) may have their codes reviewed by expert programmers for optimization and algorithm-enhancement or parallelization. Authors may also make downloading of their code restricted on a need for permission basis.
Support and Controversy
While open-source proponents like William Stein, and quantum computing researcher Michael Nielsen (see for example, the prequel to his newest book The Future of Science ) advocate the idea of a more open world of science , many people criticize the aims of the SSD. The two main arguments against the SSD are the fear of code pollution (the fear that source codes let lose can be "polluted" by someone customizing it, and likely changing its mathematical integrity, and then distributing it somewhere untrustworthy), and the lack of virtue in the market portion of the database. People arguing the latter point disagree that scientific code should be sold as a commodity in this manner.
Other open source databases and scientific libraries
www.sourceforge.com
open source
GNU
LAPACK libraries
UMS Pastoe is a Dutch company founded on April 13, 1901 by Mr. H. Illiarisch in Utrecht, the Netherlands. In 1913 the company merged with the UMS furniture company. Pastoe pasta was originally acquired for providing the meals for UMS workers. Pastoe pasta has since grown into a large scale retailer in the international pasta market.
The beginning 1901 - 1930
Pastoe Pasta started out as a small family business in the neighbourhood of Hoograven, Utrecht. It served the workers a daily lunch of pasta. The fusion with UMS introduced a new period of industrialisation. The machines for carpentry were used for the production of pasta as there was less demand for furniture.
Big boom 1930 - 1940
In an era of economic depression Pastoe Pasta became the staple food of the nation.Growing in popularity Pastoe Pasta was found in every housewife's kitchen.
War effort 1940-1950
During the second world war the machinery of Pastoe pasta was confiscated for the war effort. After the war there was high demand for affordable food. Pastoe reinstated the pasta factory and with the profits it was able to rebuild its furniture production.
Swinging sixties 1960 - 1970
Inspired by the cultural and artistic environment in the sixties Pastoe pasta brought diversity and innovation by introducing pasta with different colours.
Shape and technology 1970 - 1990
Various shapes are introduced with innovation through high technology creating a wide range of product assortment.
Product diversity 1990 - now
Innovation in product and flavours. Pastoe pasta expands its position in a global market and introduces flavours from around the world. The introduction of the noodle cup proved a world wide success. The noodle cup became so popular that it became a collectors item. The first edition values on the auction markets for +/- 1500 dollars.
The future 2010 - beyond
After a hundred years of innovation Pastoe pasta is going back to the basics by introducing organic pasta made by hand.Pastoe pasta will focus on quality products which are good for the environment. Providing consumers with an authentic pasta product.
Overview of different pasta shapes produced by the Pastoe Pasta factory
The beginning 1901 - 1930
Pastoe Pasta started out as a small family business in the neighbourhood of Hoograven, Utrecht. It served the workers a daily lunch of pasta. The fusion with UMS introduced a new period of industrialisation. The machines for carpentry were used for the production of pasta as there was less demand for furniture.
Big boom 1930 - 1940
In an era of economic depression Pastoe Pasta became the staple food of the nation.Growing in popularity Pastoe Pasta was found in every housewife's kitchen.
War effort 1940-1950
During the second world war the machinery of Pastoe pasta was confiscated for the war effort. After the war there was high demand for affordable food. Pastoe reinstated the pasta factory and with the profits it was able to rebuild its furniture production.
Swinging sixties 1960 - 1970
Inspired by the cultural and artistic environment in the sixties Pastoe pasta brought diversity and innovation by introducing pasta with different colours.
Shape and technology 1970 - 1990
Various shapes are introduced with innovation through high technology creating a wide range of product assortment.
Product diversity 1990 - now
Innovation in product and flavours. Pastoe pasta expands its position in a global market and introduces flavours from around the world. The introduction of the noodle cup proved a world wide success. The noodle cup became so popular that it became a collectors item. The first edition values on the auction markets for +/- 1500 dollars.
The future 2010 - beyond
After a hundred years of innovation Pastoe pasta is going back to the basics by introducing organic pasta made by hand.Pastoe pasta will focus on quality products which are good for the environment. Providing consumers with an authentic pasta product.
Overview of different pasta shapes produced by the Pastoe Pasta factory
* All the Things She Said (2003) by t.A.T.u. Actresses : Lena Katina & Yulia Volkova.
* American Pie (2000) by Madonna. Actors : . Actresses : .
* Cosas Que Contar (2006) by Eduardo Cruz. Actresses : Penelope Cruz & Mía Maestro.
* Erotica (1992) by Madonna. Actresses : Madonna, Naomi Campbell & Isabella Rossellini.
* First Time (2006) by Sunblock. Actresses : Oksana Andersson & Pernilla Lundberg.
* Gimme Gimme (2001) by Lords of Acid. Actresses : Deborah Ostrega & .
* Girls Kiss Girls (2007) by Pittsburgh Slim. Actresses : Krista Ayne & .
* I Feel Love (2003) by Dallas Superstars. Actresses : .
* Justify My Love (1990) by Madonna. Actresses : Madonna & Amanda Cazalet.
* LoveGame by Lady Gaga. Actresses : Stefani Germanotta & .
* Plug Me In (2000) by . Actresses : Nadia Styles & Layla Jade.
* Rain Fall Down (2005) by The Rolling Stones. Actresses : .
* Scream by Tokio Hotel. Actresses : .
* Sex Me (2002) by J-Diva. Actors : . Actresses : Gry Jannicke Jarlum & .
* Sextonic (2008) by Olivia Del Rio. Actresses : Olivia Del Rio & .
* Sober (2008) by Pink. Actresses : Alecia Moore & .
* Someday (2003) by Alcazar. Actors : . Actresses : Tess Merkel & Sofia Eriksson.
* Taboo (2001) by Claudia Christian. Actresses : Claudia Christian & Alexandra Tydings.
* Tip Drill (2003) by Nelly. Actresses : .
* (2003) by Scooter. Actresses : .
* When Shirts Get Tight (1998) by Fig Dish. Actresses : Chasey Lain & Janine Lindemulder.
* Whiskey in the Jar (1998) by Metallica. Actresses : .
* American Pie (2000) by Madonna. Actors : . Actresses : .
* Cosas Que Contar (2006) by Eduardo Cruz. Actresses : Penelope Cruz & Mía Maestro.
* Erotica (1992) by Madonna. Actresses : Madonna, Naomi Campbell & Isabella Rossellini.
* First Time (2006) by Sunblock. Actresses : Oksana Andersson & Pernilla Lundberg.
* Gimme Gimme (2001) by Lords of Acid. Actresses : Deborah Ostrega & .
* Girls Kiss Girls (2007) by Pittsburgh Slim. Actresses : Krista Ayne & .
* I Feel Love (2003) by Dallas Superstars. Actresses : .
* Justify My Love (1990) by Madonna. Actresses : Madonna & Amanda Cazalet.
* LoveGame by Lady Gaga. Actresses : Stefani Germanotta & .
* Plug Me In (2000) by . Actresses : Nadia Styles & Layla Jade.
* Rain Fall Down (2005) by The Rolling Stones. Actresses : .
* Scream by Tokio Hotel. Actresses : .
* Sex Me (2002) by J-Diva. Actors : . Actresses : Gry Jannicke Jarlum & .
* Sextonic (2008) by Olivia Del Rio. Actresses : Olivia Del Rio & .
* Sober (2008) by Pink. Actresses : Alecia Moore & .
* Someday (2003) by Alcazar. Actors : . Actresses : Tess Merkel & Sofia Eriksson.
* Taboo (2001) by Claudia Christian. Actresses : Claudia Christian & Alexandra Tydings.
* Tip Drill (2003) by Nelly. Actresses : .
* (2003) by Scooter. Actresses : .
* When Shirts Get Tight (1998) by Fig Dish. Actresses : Chasey Lain & Janine Lindemulder.
* Whiskey in the Jar (1998) by Metallica. Actresses : .
Anti-Corruption Measures are measures that aim at tackling Corruption. They include measures at all governmental levels as well as private sector and civil society initiatives.
Anti-corruption treaties
The United States were the first country to pass a comprehensive anti-corruption law that criminalized the bribery of foreign public officials by American firms, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, approved by the US Congress in 1977. Joint international initiatives to tackle corruption did only start after the end of the Cold War when security concerns were slowly overcome by the changing global political framework. The first regional convention, the Inter-American Convention against Corruption was adopted in 1996 by the Organization of American States. Just one year after, and both due to pressure exerted by the US whose enterprises until then were the only ones that were bound by an anti-corruption law while doing business abroad and concerns about the amount of money lost by enterprises based in industrialized countries due to corruption abroad lead the OECD to adopt its Convention against Bribery of Foreign Public Officials. In 1998 and 1999, the Council of Europe produced two anti-corruption treaties, the Criminal Law and the Civil Law Conventions on Corruption. The United Nations recognized the need for a global convention focused only on corruption in the year 2000, when they also adopted the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The General Assembly then authorized an ad-hoc group to negotiate a “broad and effective” treaty that takes a “comprehensive and multidisciplinary” approach to the problem. This treaty, the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, was adopted in 2003 and came into force after its 30th ratification in December 2005. Another regional anti-corruption treaty, the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption as adopted in 2003.
Many countries also observe the Forty Financial Action Task Force Recommendations, revised in 2003.
Anti-corruption treaties
The United States were the first country to pass a comprehensive anti-corruption law that criminalized the bribery of foreign public officials by American firms, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, approved by the US Congress in 1977. Joint international initiatives to tackle corruption did only start after the end of the Cold War when security concerns were slowly overcome by the changing global political framework. The first regional convention, the Inter-American Convention against Corruption was adopted in 1996 by the Organization of American States. Just one year after, and both due to pressure exerted by the US whose enterprises until then were the only ones that were bound by an anti-corruption law while doing business abroad and concerns about the amount of money lost by enterprises based in industrialized countries due to corruption abroad lead the OECD to adopt its Convention against Bribery of Foreign Public Officials. In 1998 and 1999, the Council of Europe produced two anti-corruption treaties, the Criminal Law and the Civil Law Conventions on Corruption. The United Nations recognized the need for a global convention focused only on corruption in the year 2000, when they also adopted the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. The General Assembly then authorized an ad-hoc group to negotiate a “broad and effective” treaty that takes a “comprehensive and multidisciplinary” approach to the problem. This treaty, the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, was adopted in 2003 and came into force after its 30th ratification in December 2005. Another regional anti-corruption treaty, the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption as adopted in 2003.
Many countries also observe the Forty Financial Action Task Force Recommendations, revised in 2003.