The Internet of Hearts (IoH) is a new cardiac telemedicine system. It leverages wearable device, wireless sensing, mobile technology and cloud computing for continuous cardiac monitoring, early identification of acute cardiac events, timely delivery of life-saving, personalized therapies, and smart management of cardiac health. It involves both cardiac patients and cardiologists, and it is a Internet of Things (IoT) technology that specific to the cardiac healthcare.
History
The IoH is proposed by Dr. Hui Yang and Chen Kan from Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University. The core technology of IoH was firstly patented in the year of 2012, which later appeared in the paper "Spatiotemporal differentiation of myocardial infarctions" in 2013. The complete idea of IoH was presented in the paper "Mobile sensing and network analytics for realizing smart automated systems towards health Internet of Things" in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2015). This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1617148 and IIP-1447289).
Motivation
Since 2000, the Internet of Things has been hailed as a revolution of automation science and information technology. The IoT system deploys a multitude of wireless sensors, mobile computing units, and physical objects in an Internet-like infrastructure. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to realize smart automated systems such as smart manufacturing, smart health, smart transportation, and smart home. As every agent is capable of sensing, computing and communicating seamlessly to others, large-scale IoT systems lead to the accumulation of big data. Notably, wearable sensing and mobile technology accelerate human-centered computing for smart health management. People are of greater importance vis-à-vis other physical objects in the IoT system. Understanding human beings and their ambient variables is critical to developing smart automated systems. Rapid advancements of sensing technology lead to more sophisticated and multi-purpose wearable sensing products.
However, most of existing products (e.g., fitbit) focus on wearable sensing and fitness applications, while are limited in the capability for cardiac sensing and clinical applications. Very little work has been done to develop advanced IoT technologies for smart monitoring and control of heart health. It is worth mentioning that heart diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. In 2012, nearly 30% of global deaths (17.5 million) were due to cardiac diseases. There is an urgent need to develop a new IoT technology specific to the heart that will facilitate early identification of acute cardiac events, timely delivery of life-saving, personalized therapies, and smart management of heart health.
Components
Wireless ECG Sensing
The portable sensing device in IoH is not only able to record hospital-grade multi-lead ECG, but also comfortable, flexible and reliable to facilitate long-term continuous monitoring. Existing electrodes are foam-made, fixed-shape and attached to the skin by electrolyte gel. They do not adhere well to the irregular body surface, thereby resulting in artifacts during body movement. A new generation of ECG sensor is adopted in IoH, which is built on stretchable substrates that can stretch, fold, twist and wrap around complex surface of the skin. A Bluetooth LE module is included in the device to transmit ECG signals wirelessly to mobile devices.
Dynamic Network for Health Analytics
IoH leverages the network structure in large-scale IoT systems to enhance the information-processing capability of big data for disease pattern recognition using space-time Vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals. It is aimed at quantifying of spatiotemporal dissimilarity between functional recordings, which provides a great opportunity for the identification of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to phase shift and discrete sampling, two VCG signals can be misaligned, e.g., both signals show a typical pattern and yet there are variations in shape, amplitude and phase between them. The spatiotemporal warping approach optimally aligns P, QRS, and T loops in the VCG signals for two subjects in both space and time.<ref name=":0" /> Such an alignment is critical to compare the corresponding electrical activity of heart chambers. Further, IoH employs a network embedding algorithm for transforming the warping matrix into feature vectors that preserve the warping distances among functional recordings. As such, each VCG loop is embedded as a node (coordinates as predictive features) in the high-dimensional network that preserves the dissimilarity distance matrix. When a new VCG recording is presented in the practice, the pattern dissimilarity will be measured against the database of patients. Then, a new row and column will be obtained in the warping matrix, and a new node will be embedded in the high-dimensional network. Finally, classification models can be used to predict cardiac conditions with node coordinates (i.e., feature vectors).
Experiments
The core technology of IoH was evaluated using real-world data. As it is reported in the paper "Spatiotemporal differentiation of myocardial infarctions",<ref name=":0" /> the algorithm successfully distinguished between healthy control and myocardial infarction subjects, as well as between subjects with infarctions in different locations of the heart. In the paper "Mobile sensing and network analytics for realizing smart automated systems towards health Internet of Things",<ref name=":1" /> patients with different types of left bundle branch blocks were effectively separated by the core technology of IoH.
History
The IoH is proposed by Dr. Hui Yang and Chen Kan from Harold and Inge Marcus Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University. The core technology of IoH was firstly patented in the year of 2012, which later appeared in the paper "Spatiotemporal differentiation of myocardial infarctions" in 2013. The complete idea of IoH was presented in the paper "Mobile sensing and network analytics for realizing smart automated systems towards health Internet of Things" in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE 2015). This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1617148 and IIP-1447289).
Motivation
Since 2000, the Internet of Things has been hailed as a revolution of automation science and information technology. The IoT system deploys a multitude of wireless sensors, mobile computing units, and physical objects in an Internet-like infrastructure. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to realize smart automated systems such as smart manufacturing, smart health, smart transportation, and smart home. As every agent is capable of sensing, computing and communicating seamlessly to others, large-scale IoT systems lead to the accumulation of big data. Notably, wearable sensing and mobile technology accelerate human-centered computing for smart health management. People are of greater importance vis-à-vis other physical objects in the IoT system. Understanding human beings and their ambient variables is critical to developing smart automated systems. Rapid advancements of sensing technology lead to more sophisticated and multi-purpose wearable sensing products.
However, most of existing products (e.g., fitbit) focus on wearable sensing and fitness applications, while are limited in the capability for cardiac sensing and clinical applications. Very little work has been done to develop advanced IoT technologies for smart monitoring and control of heart health. It is worth mentioning that heart diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. In 2012, nearly 30% of global deaths (17.5 million) were due to cardiac diseases. There is an urgent need to develop a new IoT technology specific to the heart that will facilitate early identification of acute cardiac events, timely delivery of life-saving, personalized therapies, and smart management of heart health.
Components
Wireless ECG Sensing
The portable sensing device in IoH is not only able to record hospital-grade multi-lead ECG, but also comfortable, flexible and reliable to facilitate long-term continuous monitoring. Existing electrodes are foam-made, fixed-shape and attached to the skin by electrolyte gel. They do not adhere well to the irregular body surface, thereby resulting in artifacts during body movement. A new generation of ECG sensor is adopted in IoH, which is built on stretchable substrates that can stretch, fold, twist and wrap around complex surface of the skin. A Bluetooth LE module is included in the device to transmit ECG signals wirelessly to mobile devices.
Dynamic Network for Health Analytics
IoH leverages the network structure in large-scale IoT systems to enhance the information-processing capability of big data for disease pattern recognition using space-time Vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals. It is aimed at quantifying of spatiotemporal dissimilarity between functional recordings, which provides a great opportunity for the identification of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to phase shift and discrete sampling, two VCG signals can be misaligned, e.g., both signals show a typical pattern and yet there are variations in shape, amplitude and phase between them. The spatiotemporal warping approach optimally aligns P, QRS, and T loops in the VCG signals for two subjects in both space and time.<ref name=":0" /> Such an alignment is critical to compare the corresponding electrical activity of heart chambers. Further, IoH employs a network embedding algorithm for transforming the warping matrix into feature vectors that preserve the warping distances among functional recordings. As such, each VCG loop is embedded as a node (coordinates as predictive features) in the high-dimensional network that preserves the dissimilarity distance matrix. When a new VCG recording is presented in the practice, the pattern dissimilarity will be measured against the database of patients. Then, a new row and column will be obtained in the warping matrix, and a new node will be embedded in the high-dimensional network. Finally, classification models can be used to predict cardiac conditions with node coordinates (i.e., feature vectors).
Experiments
The core technology of IoH was evaluated using real-world data. As it is reported in the paper "Spatiotemporal differentiation of myocardial infarctions",<ref name=":0" /> the algorithm successfully distinguished between healthy control and myocardial infarction subjects, as well as between subjects with infarctions in different locations of the heart. In the paper "Mobile sensing and network analytics for realizing smart automated systems towards health Internet of Things",<ref name=":1" /> patients with different types of left bundle branch blocks were effectively separated by the core technology of IoH.
Bola Mosuro is a Nigerian journalist and radio broadcaster working for BBC News. Mosuro is one of the main presenters of Newsday on the BBC World Service.
Personal life
Bola Mosuro was born in Nigeria, and was raised in Lagos and London. She studied in Northern Ireland, and holds a BA in Peace and Conflict Studies from the University of Ulster. Mosuro is married with three children.
Career
Mosuro joined the BBC in 1992. She worked as part of the Focus on Africa editorial team before going on to present Postmark Africa, What's News and Everywoman on the BBC World Service. Mosuro is currently one of the main presenters on Newsday, and since 2000 has presented the weekday breakfast programme BBC Network Africa.
Personal life
Bola Mosuro was born in Nigeria, and was raised in Lagos and London. She studied in Northern Ireland, and holds a BA in Peace and Conflict Studies from the University of Ulster. Mosuro is married with three children.
Career
Mosuro joined the BBC in 1992. She worked as part of the Focus on Africa editorial team before going on to present Postmark Africa, What's News and Everywoman on the BBC World Service. Mosuro is currently one of the main presenters on Newsday, and since 2000 has presented the weekday breakfast programme BBC Network Africa.
The information is based on the WEconomy Index 2015 written by students from the Radboud University in Nijmegen, The Netherlands
General theory
Sustainability and sustainable development are terms that have been growing in popularity since the European Commission came with its Brundtland Report in 1987. Sustainable development refers to development that meets our own needs (as a society) without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The Brundtland report asked for a transition to sustainable development to meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems and pointed at problems such as air and water pollution, depletion of groundwater, and the proliferation of toxic chemicals and hazardous waste that many industrialized and developing countries are dealing with. These problems are inherited from one generation to another. Moreover, new problems have arisen that are directly related to agricultural, industrial, energy, forestry, and transportation policies and practices. Erosion, desertification, acidification, new chemicals and new forms of waste are the undesired
consequences of these practices and still, most of these problems have not been dealt with accordingly. This calls for a social as well as an economic transition towards a greener and more sustainable economy.
General theory
Sustainability and sustainable development are terms that have been growing in popularity since the European Commission came with its Brundtland Report in 1987. Sustainable development refers to development that meets our own needs (as a society) without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The Brundtland report asked for a transition to sustainable development to meet the needs of the poor while not increasing environmental problems and pointed at problems such as air and water pollution, depletion of groundwater, and the proliferation of toxic chemicals and hazardous waste that many industrialized and developing countries are dealing with. These problems are inherited from one generation to another. Moreover, new problems have arisen that are directly related to agricultural, industrial, energy, forestry, and transportation policies and practices. Erosion, desertification, acidification, new chemicals and new forms of waste are the undesired
consequences of these practices and still, most of these problems have not been dealt with accordingly. This calls for a social as well as an economic transition towards a greener and more sustainable economy.
Mansour Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi is a Professional Rally Driver, Businessman and Philanthropist. He is the Chief Operating Officer of the Bin Jabr Group.
Early life
Born in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates to Arms and Defence contractor and former politician Saeed Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi. He lived there until the age of 17 when he was sent to boarding school at Brummana High School in Lebanon by his father for facing a few incidents with the law regarding illegal street racing. After graduating high school he moved to pursue his college education at the New York Institute of Technology in the United States. He resides between his two homes in Dubai and Beverly Hills.
Personal life
He was born in Abu-Dhabi on June 6, 1986 as the son of Emirati billionaire Saeed Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi. He undertakes humanitarian works. and a Boxing enthusiast usually seen sitting ringside at fights alongside friend and two-time world champion Andre Berto. He was engaged to Australian beauty icon Mariam Rod.
Career
Mansour Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi is a professional Rally Driver. He started his racing career as the youngest member of the UAE national Jet Ski team at the age of 13, this achievement helped him continue his racing career as a motorbike racer from 2000-2003. He stopped racing after that to attended high school in Lebanon. During his time in Lebanon is when he started racing Go karts at a local track nearby his dorms which eventually led him to switch his passion to cars. After being a spectator at the Rally of Lebanon where fellow Emirati racing legend Mohammed Bin Sulayem was fighting for the title, the action surrounding the event and the level of competition during that particular race attracted Bin Jabr to make a switch to rallying. Soon after graduating he signed with Ford Factory Abu Dhabi Rally Team for the 2007-08 season. Bin Jabr drove the Ford Fiesta S2000 M-sport in six rallies and also won 'Best Driver Award' in 2008. He has set records for fastest times in the 2015 FIA Middle East Rally Championship, while driving a Tok Sport-prepared Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X in the Group N category. and is said to be one of the worlds youngest billionaires.
Work
After returning back to the United Arab Emirates from New York, Bin Jabr brought back with him the world renowned Italian restaurant brand Cipriani S.A. to open up with his brother on the Yas Island. He went alongside Giuseppe Cipriani to create the first Cipriani Japanese concept Yotto. He sold his shares at the Yas Island Yacht Club project later that year which consisted of a nightclub, members club and two restaurants for an undisclosed amount. He acquired a food service equipment trading and contracting company Emirates Kitchen Equipment after that, which he also uses to help finance restaurant owners looking for investments by supplying them kitchen equipment in exchange to cash, which made him become a partner in over 46 restaurants across the region and the largest restaurant owner in the UAE, Which he operates under both companies The Destination Hospitality and Edesia Capital.
Awards and achievements
*Youngest member of UAE national team (jet ski)
*Sheikh Rashid Humanitarian Award <ref name="thenationalstaff"/>
*‘Best Upcoming Driver Award’ in 2008 (Rally) <ref name="maggyparries"/>
Early life
Born in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates to Arms and Defence contractor and former politician Saeed Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi. He lived there until the age of 17 when he was sent to boarding school at Brummana High School in Lebanon by his father for facing a few incidents with the law regarding illegal street racing. After graduating high school he moved to pursue his college education at the New York Institute of Technology in the United States. He resides between his two homes in Dubai and Beverly Hills.
Personal life
He was born in Abu-Dhabi on June 6, 1986 as the son of Emirati billionaire Saeed Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi. He undertakes humanitarian works. and a Boxing enthusiast usually seen sitting ringside at fights alongside friend and two-time world champion Andre Berto. He was engaged to Australian beauty icon Mariam Rod.
Career
Mansour Bin Jabr Al Suwaidi is a professional Rally Driver. He started his racing career as the youngest member of the UAE national Jet Ski team at the age of 13, this achievement helped him continue his racing career as a motorbike racer from 2000-2003. He stopped racing after that to attended high school in Lebanon. During his time in Lebanon is when he started racing Go karts at a local track nearby his dorms which eventually led him to switch his passion to cars. After being a spectator at the Rally of Lebanon where fellow Emirati racing legend Mohammed Bin Sulayem was fighting for the title, the action surrounding the event and the level of competition during that particular race attracted Bin Jabr to make a switch to rallying. Soon after graduating he signed with Ford Factory Abu Dhabi Rally Team for the 2007-08 season. Bin Jabr drove the Ford Fiesta S2000 M-sport in six rallies and also won 'Best Driver Award' in 2008. He has set records for fastest times in the 2015 FIA Middle East Rally Championship, while driving a Tok Sport-prepared Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X in the Group N category. and is said to be one of the worlds youngest billionaires.
Work
After returning back to the United Arab Emirates from New York, Bin Jabr brought back with him the world renowned Italian restaurant brand Cipriani S.A. to open up with his brother on the Yas Island. He went alongside Giuseppe Cipriani to create the first Cipriani Japanese concept Yotto. He sold his shares at the Yas Island Yacht Club project later that year which consisted of a nightclub, members club and two restaurants for an undisclosed amount. He acquired a food service equipment trading and contracting company Emirates Kitchen Equipment after that, which he also uses to help finance restaurant owners looking for investments by supplying them kitchen equipment in exchange to cash, which made him become a partner in over 46 restaurants across the region and the largest restaurant owner in the UAE, Which he operates under both companies The Destination Hospitality and Edesia Capital.
Awards and achievements
*Youngest member of UAE national team (jet ski)
*Sheikh Rashid Humanitarian Award <ref name="thenationalstaff"/>
*‘Best Upcoming Driver Award’ in 2008 (Rally) <ref name="maggyparries"/>