The Diverging C Curve is a diagram created by Darrick Wood economist Connor Brown to represent the concept that firms may operate at a level of subnormal profit, because of low revenue, in order to gain more revenue in the long run.
The Diverging C Curve starts with the short run and long run marginal revenue residing at the same point. At this point, they are making subnormal profit. However, whilst the short run revenue stays subnormal, the run curve diverges, and grows. Conventionally, the short run marginal revenue curve is a line decreasing, implying that the law of diminishing return is at work, as revenue made on the next product is less than made on the product before.
To make the diagram look simpler, the marginal cost curve is steadily increasing with an evenness that makes it look more like a line than a curve. This suggests that the firm is in a constant state of Diseconomies of scale. However, in a variation of the diagram, the marginal cost curve could be relabelled as the average cost. The line dynamic would suggest that there are no fixed costs, no economies or diseconomies of scale and no influence of the law of diminishing return. Both variations do not exist in the real world, like most economic theories.
Example
In 1989, as the Berlin Wall was collapsing, Douglas Ivester, head of Coca-Cola Europe, made a snap decision. He sent out sales forces and ordered them to distribute massive amounts of coke to the newly opened market of East Germany. Coca-Cola quickly set up business in East Germany, giving away free coolers to merchants who began to stock up. It was a money losing proposition in the short-run; the Eastern German currency was still worthless - scraps of paper to the rest of the world. However, it was a brilliant business decision, and in the long run, in 1995, per capita consumption of Coca-Cola in the former East Germany had risen to the level of West Germany, which was already a strong market.
The Diverging C Curve starts with the short run and long run marginal revenue residing at the same point. At this point, they are making subnormal profit. However, whilst the short run revenue stays subnormal, the run curve diverges, and grows. Conventionally, the short run marginal revenue curve is a line decreasing, implying that the law of diminishing return is at work, as revenue made on the next product is less than made on the product before.
To make the diagram look simpler, the marginal cost curve is steadily increasing with an evenness that makes it look more like a line than a curve. This suggests that the firm is in a constant state of Diseconomies of scale. However, in a variation of the diagram, the marginal cost curve could be relabelled as the average cost. The line dynamic would suggest that there are no fixed costs, no economies or diseconomies of scale and no influence of the law of diminishing return. Both variations do not exist in the real world, like most economic theories.
Example
In 1989, as the Berlin Wall was collapsing, Douglas Ivester, head of Coca-Cola Europe, made a snap decision. He sent out sales forces and ordered them to distribute massive amounts of coke to the newly opened market of East Germany. Coca-Cola quickly set up business in East Germany, giving away free coolers to merchants who began to stock up. It was a money losing proposition in the short-run; the Eastern German currency was still worthless - scraps of paper to the rest of the world. However, it was a brilliant business decision, and in the long run, in 1995, per capita consumption of Coca-Cola in the former East Germany had risen to the level of West Germany, which was already a strong market.
Gary Hateley (born 19 December 1982 Sutton Coldfield) is a British Goalkeeper, currently playing for Gresley F.C..
Gary starting his football career as a professional with Crystal Palace F.C., and made appearances at Under 17, Under 18, Under 19, Reserve and First Team Level.
Due to his Grandfathers roots, he qualified to represent Wales, and did so at Under 19, Under 19 and Under 21 level. Upon leaving Crystal Palace in 2001, he went on to play for Telford United, in the then named Vauxhall Conference, before opting the following season to sign for Solihull Borough F.C. Upon leaving Crystal Palace, Gary had offers to continue playing professional football and was offered short term contracts in Norway, Sweeden, Iceland and Australia, but opted to stay in England and pursue a career in Business whilst continuing to play football on a semi-professional basis.
His non league career has seen him so far play for Stamford A.F.C., Halesown Town F.C., Hednesdford Town F.C., Shepshed Dynamo F.C. & Kettering Town F.C. Gary had two spells at Kettering Town FC, firstly he was signed by Kevin Wilson, but departed after a brief spell following being sent off in his first game for the club, but was brought back to the Poppies by Paul Gascoigne when he was appointed Manager.
It was during this second spell that Gary was made a lucrative offer once again to move abroad to play football, and this time it was to the Middle East, but due to factors professionally and his progressing career away from football he opted to stay in the UK.
As well as continually to play football, and help steward his current side to back to back promotion campaigns as their captain, his career has taking a step into a new avenue as he pursues a career in modelling. It is obvious that Gary has spent extensive time in the gym, and has a the perfect physique, one that will serve him well in this new venture.
Gary starting his football career as a professional with Crystal Palace F.C., and made appearances at Under 17, Under 18, Under 19, Reserve and First Team Level.
Due to his Grandfathers roots, he qualified to represent Wales, and did so at Under 19, Under 19 and Under 21 level. Upon leaving Crystal Palace in 2001, he went on to play for Telford United, in the then named Vauxhall Conference, before opting the following season to sign for Solihull Borough F.C. Upon leaving Crystal Palace, Gary had offers to continue playing professional football and was offered short term contracts in Norway, Sweeden, Iceland and Australia, but opted to stay in England and pursue a career in Business whilst continuing to play football on a semi-professional basis.
His non league career has seen him so far play for Stamford A.F.C., Halesown Town F.C., Hednesdford Town F.C., Shepshed Dynamo F.C. & Kettering Town F.C. Gary had two spells at Kettering Town FC, firstly he was signed by Kevin Wilson, but departed after a brief spell following being sent off in his first game for the club, but was brought back to the Poppies by Paul Gascoigne when he was appointed Manager.
It was during this second spell that Gary was made a lucrative offer once again to move abroad to play football, and this time it was to the Middle East, but due to factors professionally and his progressing career away from football he opted to stay in the UK.
As well as continually to play football, and help steward his current side to back to back promotion campaigns as their captain, his career has taking a step into a new avenue as he pursues a career in modelling. It is obvious that Gary has spent extensive time in the gym, and has a the perfect physique, one that will serve him well in this new venture.
Robert William (John) Shannon (1962-) is a New Zealand born inventor, who lives in Sydney, Australia. He has often chosen under country intellectual property laws to give all his inventions to his employers, so consequently his inventions are owned by multi-national companies such as Vodafone and EDS (now part of Hewlett-Packard).
John Shannon's 12 INPADOC inventions include:
* Field: Medical: [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1PTO2&Sect2HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r1&p1&fG&l50&dPG01&S1(shannon.IN.+AND+wellington.INCI.)&OS=in/shannon+and+ic/wellington&RS=(IN/shannon+AND+IC/wellington) Method and system for administering a drug], filed in 2003, USPTO
* Field: Financial: [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1PTO2&Sect2HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r2&p1&fG&l50&dPG01&S1(shannon.IN.+AND+wellington.INCI.)&OS=in/shannon+and+ic/wellington&RS=(IN/shannon+AND+IC/wellington) Point of sale receipt service], filed in 2002, USPTO
* Field Veterinary Science, Pill Popping Device filed in New Zealand Patents Office prior to 2003 (expired)
* Field: Image Processing: System, method, and computer program product for personal document management, filed in European EPO, IPA, IP Canada, USPTO, and International, 2003 - 2009.
John Shannon's 12 INPADOC inventions include:
* Field: Medical: [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1PTO2&Sect2HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r1&p1&fG&l50&dPG01&S1(shannon.IN.+AND+wellington.INCI.)&OS=in/shannon+and+ic/wellington&RS=(IN/shannon+AND+IC/wellington) Method and system for administering a drug], filed in 2003, USPTO
* Field: Financial: [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1PTO2&Sect2HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r2&p1&fG&l50&dPG01&S1(shannon.IN.+AND+wellington.INCI.)&OS=in/shannon+and+ic/wellington&RS=(IN/shannon+AND+IC/wellington) Point of sale receipt service], filed in 2002, USPTO
* Field Veterinary Science, Pill Popping Device filed in New Zealand Patents Office prior to 2003 (expired)
* Field: Image Processing: System, method, and computer program product for personal document management, filed in European EPO, IPA, IP Canada, USPTO, and International, 2003 - 2009.
Scott F. Wolter is a Minnesota geologist and author best known for his theories and books about the Kensington Runestone, an artefact claimed to be a medieval Scandinavian stone-inscription found near Kensington, Minnesota.
Wolter was hired in 2000 by the Runestone Museum to conduct a forensic geological investigation of the artifact. The Kensington Stone was brought to his company, American Petrographic Services in St. Paul, for the investigation. Using both transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis, he and his staff found mica degradation on the man-made surfaces. Wolter reported that his investigation clearly indicated the inscription had weathered at least 200 years after carving. Wolter became intrigued with the Kensington Stone, and based on his geological findings and additional research, has become a dedicated supporter of its authenticity.
In his 2009 book The Hooked X Wolter claims that the stone was made by the Knights Templar in 1362, 50 years after the dissolution of the organization in Europe. He also claims Columbus was a member of the Knights of Christ order and had a map he used to find his way around the West Indies in 1492. Wolter's fellow researcher Dr Richard Nielsen states that "Wolter’s geological theories still remain unproven". Nielsen subsequently rebutted many of the statements in Wolter's 2011 “Report of Digital Microscopic Examination”; according to Neilsen, Wolter had failed to "meet the Popper’s Falsification Criterion, the pre-agreed formula to test Wolter’s results" and had "not presented any replicable evidence that the KRS is at least 200 years old"
Wolter was hired in 2000 by the Runestone Museum to conduct a forensic geological investigation of the artifact. The Kensington Stone was brought to his company, American Petrographic Services in St. Paul, for the investigation. Using both transmitted and reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis, he and his staff found mica degradation on the man-made surfaces. Wolter reported that his investigation clearly indicated the inscription had weathered at least 200 years after carving. Wolter became intrigued with the Kensington Stone, and based on his geological findings and additional research, has become a dedicated supporter of its authenticity.
In his 2009 book The Hooked X Wolter claims that the stone was made by the Knights Templar in 1362, 50 years after the dissolution of the organization in Europe. He also claims Columbus was a member of the Knights of Christ order and had a map he used to find his way around the West Indies in 1492. Wolter's fellow researcher Dr Richard Nielsen states that "Wolter’s geological theories still remain unproven". Nielsen subsequently rebutted many of the statements in Wolter's 2011 “Report of Digital Microscopic Examination”; according to Neilsen, Wolter had failed to "meet the Popper’s Falsification Criterion, the pre-agreed formula to test Wolter’s results" and had "not presented any replicable evidence that the KRS is at least 200 years old"