Salih Avcı is a Wing Tsun and Escrima martial artist.
Summary
Salih Avcı is one of the chief trainers of the SEK (Spezialeinsatzkommandos, the special response units of the German state police forces), MEK, ZUZ (the SWAT unit of the German Customs Service, and GSG 9 (the elite counter-terrorism and special operations unit of the German Federal Police) in Germany as well as various other special forces ranging from the American Rapid Response Team (RRT) in Chicago to the special police of one of China's biggest provinces. Avci is a security consultant for the Ministry of Justice in Germany.
Avcı was born in Turkey in 1962 and moved to Germany in 1971. He started training in Wing Tsun in 1980 in the European Wing Tsun Organization (EWTO). In 1986, he attained the 1st technician degree. In 1997, he left EWTO to found WTEO (Wing Tsun-Escrima Organization).
Avcı is still the world chief trainer of the organization. Today, WTEO has more than 8000 students, excluding law enforcement forces. There are more than 70 schools of WTEO alone in Germany and several others in the Netherlands, Turkey, France, Austria, Spain, Jordan, Italy, Sudan, Greece and La Reunion.
Since 1997, Salih Avcı has been the head and chief trainer of the young and dynamic martial arts organisation. As head of the Organisation, Salih Avci is responsible for the standard of the instructors’ training and the students. He leads the official seminars that take place around the world.
He has been training the SEK (Spezialeinsatzkommandos: special police commandos)of the largest German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) since 1992 in the areas of safety and interference techniques. The NRW Police Force is the biggest of the 16 German state police forces because almost a quarter of the German population lives in NRW.
In 1996 Salih Avcı became a member of a working group organised by the Ministry of Justice of NRW that had the task of revising and setting new guidelines for law enforcement, he was then assigned as Chief Instructor of that group. The new techniques of Avci WingTsun/Escrima were introduced into law enforcement in NRW. Other public organisation were including Avcı WingTsun/Escrima into their training. The Customs Office and the Federal Bureau of Criminal Investigations use Salih Avci’s experiences and abilities for training their task forces.
The positive results that were reaped from Salih Avci’s system during real-life dangerous situations resulted in the training of the police of NRW Avci System. These techniques are now being applied on a daily basis by officials in NRW. Other Federal States in Germany have stated their interests in incorporating Avci WingTsun/Escrima into their officials’ training.
Arrival in Germany
Salih Avci was born on 6 May 1962 in Karasu, on the Turkish Black Sea coast. He is the eldest son, with two sisters and a brother. After their father’s emigration to Germany in 1964, the whole family followed in the 1970s. After completing high school and a two-year stay in Turkey he started his technical training in the field of electro-mechanical machinery equipment.
He started his training in the Chinese combat art WingTsun in 1980 and two years later the Philippine stick and weapon combat art of Escrima.
Opening the first martial arts school in 1984
At the end of 1984 the first martial arts school was officially opened in Aachen, west of Cologne, the largest city in NRW, and trained the two combat arts Wing Tsun and Escrima. Others followed in the next couple of years around the same town. Today there are 100 schools and over 60,000 students (including police and law enforcers) in Germany, with Salih Avci as the highest level instructor.
By 1986 he had dedicated himself exclusively to the professional instruction of the martial art. He was invited to various combat training courses and in 1992 he was invited to demonstrate his techniques before the Director of the special forces of NRW, who was impressed by the highly effective skills of the martial artist.
Until today, Salih Avci is the coach of the special forces of the state of NRW. The involvement has led to developments in the police interference and arresting techniques, resulting in substantial improvements in the dangerous fields of work.
Understanding the art
Salih Avci’s unique approach to the combat art lies in the practical application of his techniques to disarm and arrest without the use of excessive force or weapons, even in life-threatening situations. Salih Avci does not focus solely on unarmed techniques. He has developed traditional short and long stick techniques to be used efficiently and practically without causing unnecessary harm to the person being arrested. A general-purpose tool for protection, disarming and arresting was the result of Salih Avci’s practical modification of the “tonfa”, which is used by the police.
Apart from the realistic application and professional use of self-defence and arresting techniques for civilians and officials, Salih Avci trains actors and fight choreographers for film and television.
Family and seven children
Salih Avcı is married since 1993 and has five sons and two daughters.
Summary
Salih Avcı is one of the chief trainers of the SEK (Spezialeinsatzkommandos, the special response units of the German state police forces), MEK, ZUZ (the SWAT unit of the German Customs Service, and GSG 9 (the elite counter-terrorism and special operations unit of the German Federal Police) in Germany as well as various other special forces ranging from the American Rapid Response Team (RRT) in Chicago to the special police of one of China's biggest provinces. Avci is a security consultant for the Ministry of Justice in Germany.
Avcı was born in Turkey in 1962 and moved to Germany in 1971. He started training in Wing Tsun in 1980 in the European Wing Tsun Organization (EWTO). In 1986, he attained the 1st technician degree. In 1997, he left EWTO to found WTEO (Wing Tsun-Escrima Organization).
Avcı is still the world chief trainer of the organization. Today, WTEO has more than 8000 students, excluding law enforcement forces. There are more than 70 schools of WTEO alone in Germany and several others in the Netherlands, Turkey, France, Austria, Spain, Jordan, Italy, Sudan, Greece and La Reunion.
Since 1997, Salih Avcı has been the head and chief trainer of the young and dynamic martial arts organisation. As head of the Organisation, Salih Avci is responsible for the standard of the instructors’ training and the students. He leads the official seminars that take place around the world.
He has been training the SEK (Spezialeinsatzkommandos: special police commandos)of the largest German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) since 1992 in the areas of safety and interference techniques. The NRW Police Force is the biggest of the 16 German state police forces because almost a quarter of the German population lives in NRW.
In 1996 Salih Avcı became a member of a working group organised by the Ministry of Justice of NRW that had the task of revising and setting new guidelines for law enforcement, he was then assigned as Chief Instructor of that group. The new techniques of Avci WingTsun/Escrima were introduced into law enforcement in NRW. Other public organisation were including Avcı WingTsun/Escrima into their training. The Customs Office and the Federal Bureau of Criminal Investigations use Salih Avci’s experiences and abilities for training their task forces.
The positive results that were reaped from Salih Avci’s system during real-life dangerous situations resulted in the training of the police of NRW Avci System. These techniques are now being applied on a daily basis by officials in NRW. Other Federal States in Germany have stated their interests in incorporating Avci WingTsun/Escrima into their officials’ training.
Arrival in Germany
Salih Avci was born on 6 May 1962 in Karasu, on the Turkish Black Sea coast. He is the eldest son, with two sisters and a brother. After their father’s emigration to Germany in 1964, the whole family followed in the 1970s. After completing high school and a two-year stay in Turkey he started his technical training in the field of electro-mechanical machinery equipment.
He started his training in the Chinese combat art WingTsun in 1980 and two years later the Philippine stick and weapon combat art of Escrima.
Opening the first martial arts school in 1984
At the end of 1984 the first martial arts school was officially opened in Aachen, west of Cologne, the largest city in NRW, and trained the two combat arts Wing Tsun and Escrima. Others followed in the next couple of years around the same town. Today there are 100 schools and over 60,000 students (including police and law enforcers) in Germany, with Salih Avci as the highest level instructor.
By 1986 he had dedicated himself exclusively to the professional instruction of the martial art. He was invited to various combat training courses and in 1992 he was invited to demonstrate his techniques before the Director of the special forces of NRW, who was impressed by the highly effective skills of the martial artist.
Until today, Salih Avci is the coach of the special forces of the state of NRW. The involvement has led to developments in the police interference and arresting techniques, resulting in substantial improvements in the dangerous fields of work.
Understanding the art
Salih Avci’s unique approach to the combat art lies in the practical application of his techniques to disarm and arrest without the use of excessive force or weapons, even in life-threatening situations. Salih Avci does not focus solely on unarmed techniques. He has developed traditional short and long stick techniques to be used efficiently and practically without causing unnecessary harm to the person being arrested. A general-purpose tool for protection, disarming and arresting was the result of Salih Avci’s practical modification of the “tonfa”, which is used by the police.
Apart from the realistic application and professional use of self-defence and arresting techniques for civilians and officials, Salih Avci trains actors and fight choreographers for film and television.
Family and seven children
Salih Avcı is married since 1993 and has five sons and two daughters.
Onix Audio was a trading name of a partnership manufacturing a range of hi fidelity amplifiers, tuners and accessories.
History
The first ONIX branded amplifier with the name ONIX on the front panel the company produced was the ONIX AUDIO OA-20 in 1984. The OA-21 was the next model added, this model having a pre-amplifier sub board with similar characteristics as the previous as well as the introduction of a moving coil (MC) and moving magnet (MM) alternate board change option. In addition the OA-21 was fitted with a supply connector on the back that accepted the powers supply option called a SOAP (Special Onix Audio Power) that was introduced by Onix in 1985. With the success of the OA-21 amplifier and the OA-20, Onix Audio released an improved OA-20 called the OA-22 that included two CD inputs to allow for the wave of high output CD players of the time. All products in the meantime were continuing to be developed and evolved and an FM , the BWD-1 made its debut in 1987. The Onix BWD-1 provided a compromise between cost, musical integrity, and quality performance. Onix Audio continued to upgrade their product lines and developed a new dedicated pre-amp called the OA-24 in 1989. In the same year a new updated version of the power supply SOAP 2 and other models including the OA21s that had electronic speaker short protection were introduced. In 1990, the OA-401/40 watt and the OA-601/60 watt stereo amplifiers were added to the product range.
1990-1997
In late 1990, the trading activities of Onix Audio were sold to a newly created company called OEL Ltd. Adam Worsfold retained a controlling interest of a 65%. OEL Ltd later became a subsidiary of Swisstone Electronics Ltd. OEL Ltd changed its name to Kendal Electronics Ltd in January 1997, and Kendal Electronics Ltd was subsequently liquidated in February 1997, after a serious loss in market share in past years, and loss of several key distributors worldwide.
1997-2016
After 1997 the name ONIX became was purchased by Chinese company Shenzen Digital Technology. They did not use any of the original Onix audio designs, and were typically making and marketing generic branded product using "ONIX" as a printed name on the front. In 2010 a new company was formed as ONIX GB, by original founder Adam Worsfold. ONIX GB filed a trademark action aginst Shenzen. This action succeeded on November 5, 2014. In 2016 ONIX GB Ltd released a new product range.
History
The first ONIX branded amplifier with the name ONIX on the front panel the company produced was the ONIX AUDIO OA-20 in 1984. The OA-21 was the next model added, this model having a pre-amplifier sub board with similar characteristics as the previous as well as the introduction of a moving coil (MC) and moving magnet (MM) alternate board change option. In addition the OA-21 was fitted with a supply connector on the back that accepted the powers supply option called a SOAP (Special Onix Audio Power) that was introduced by Onix in 1985. With the success of the OA-21 amplifier and the OA-20, Onix Audio released an improved OA-20 called the OA-22 that included two CD inputs to allow for the wave of high output CD players of the time. All products in the meantime were continuing to be developed and evolved and an FM , the BWD-1 made its debut in 1987. The Onix BWD-1 provided a compromise between cost, musical integrity, and quality performance. Onix Audio continued to upgrade their product lines and developed a new dedicated pre-amp called the OA-24 in 1989. In the same year a new updated version of the power supply SOAP 2 and other models including the OA21s that had electronic speaker short protection were introduced. In 1990, the OA-401/40 watt and the OA-601/60 watt stereo amplifiers were added to the product range.
1990-1997
In late 1990, the trading activities of Onix Audio were sold to a newly created company called OEL Ltd. Adam Worsfold retained a controlling interest of a 65%. OEL Ltd later became a subsidiary of Swisstone Electronics Ltd. OEL Ltd changed its name to Kendal Electronics Ltd in January 1997, and Kendal Electronics Ltd was subsequently liquidated in February 1997, after a serious loss in market share in past years, and loss of several key distributors worldwide.
1997-2016
After 1997 the name ONIX became was purchased by Chinese company Shenzen Digital Technology. They did not use any of the original Onix audio designs, and were typically making and marketing generic branded product using "ONIX" as a printed name on the front. In 2010 a new company was formed as ONIX GB, by original founder Adam Worsfold. ONIX GB filed a trademark action aginst Shenzen. This action succeeded on November 5, 2014. In 2016 ONIX GB Ltd released a new product range.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional universe of Middle-earth, the Door of Night was a place set at the utmost West of Arda, near to Avakúma, the void. It was vital in the cosmology of Middle-earth, forming the border between Arda and the void, as well as barricading the prison of the renegade Vala Morgoth Bauglir. Other names of the Door of Night include Moritarnon and Tarn Fui.
Creation
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's legends, the Door was created by the Valar as a gateway for the Sun to pass through. The following text describes the creation of the Door:
Thus came it that the Gods dared a very great deed, the most mighty of their works; for making a fleet of magic rafts and boats with aid—and otherwise had none of these endured to sail upon the waters of Vai—they drew to the Wall of Things, and there they made the Door of Night.
In later versions of the story, the Sun and Moon don't pass through the Doors of Night, but sink into Vaiya, the Encircling Seas. The creation of the Doors of Night would have happened at some time to throw Morgoth outside Arda.
Purpose
The Sun was to pass through the Door of Night as it travelled above Arda. When the Sun passed through the Door, night would fall upon Middle-earth. The Moon would then rise from its resting place and continue on its path over the Earth. The Sun would traverse the border of the Wall of the World, re-entering the world in the East, at the Gates of Morning. At the same time the Moon would be sinking in the West and a new day would begin. At the conclusion of the War of Wrath, when Eärendil the Mariner sailed to Aman to beseech the aid of the Valar, Morgoth was imprisoned outside the Door of Night. The following reference is from The Silmarillion:
But Morgoth himself the Valar thrust through the Door of Night beyond the Walls of the World, into the Timeless Void; and a guard is set forever on those walls, and Eärendil keeps watch upon the ramparts of the sky.
Location
A description of the location of the Door of Night can be found in the :
About the World are the Ilurambar, or Walls of the World. They are as ice and glass and steel, being above all the imagination of the Children of Earth cold, transparent, and hard. They cannot be seen, nor can they be passed, save by the Door of Night. Within these walls the Earth is globed: above, below and upon all sides is Vaiya, the Enfolding Ocean. But this is more like to sea below the Earth and more like to air above the Earth.
Appearance
The Door of Night was likened to a huge gate of stone at the very edge of the world: the Ilurambar, invisible Walls of the World.
There it still stands, utterly black and huge against the deep-blue walls. Its pillars are of the mightiest basalt and its lintel likewise, but great dragons of black stone are carved thereon, and shadowy smoke pours slowly from their jaws.
Fate
In the Book of Lost Tales, Part One, the fate of the Door of Night in the West and its counterpart the Gates of Morning in the East are documented as follows:
For 'tis said ere the Great end come Melko shall in some wise contrive a quarrel between Moon and Sun, and Ilsinor shall seek to follow Urwendi through the Gates, and when they are gone the Gates of both East and West will be destroyed, and Urwendi and Ilsinor shall be lost.
Creation
In the earliest versions of Tolkien's legends, the Door was created by the Valar as a gateway for the Sun to pass through. The following text describes the creation of the Door:
Thus came it that the Gods dared a very great deed, the most mighty of their works; for making a fleet of magic rafts and boats with aid—and otherwise had none of these endured to sail upon the waters of Vai—they drew to the Wall of Things, and there they made the Door of Night.
In later versions of the story, the Sun and Moon don't pass through the Doors of Night, but sink into Vaiya, the Encircling Seas. The creation of the Doors of Night would have happened at some time to throw Morgoth outside Arda.
Purpose
The Sun was to pass through the Door of Night as it travelled above Arda. When the Sun passed through the Door, night would fall upon Middle-earth. The Moon would then rise from its resting place and continue on its path over the Earth. The Sun would traverse the border of the Wall of the World, re-entering the world in the East, at the Gates of Morning. At the same time the Moon would be sinking in the West and a new day would begin. At the conclusion of the War of Wrath, when Eärendil the Mariner sailed to Aman to beseech the aid of the Valar, Morgoth was imprisoned outside the Door of Night. The following reference is from The Silmarillion:
But Morgoth himself the Valar thrust through the Door of Night beyond the Walls of the World, into the Timeless Void; and a guard is set forever on those walls, and Eärendil keeps watch upon the ramparts of the sky.
Location
A description of the location of the Door of Night can be found in the :
About the World are the Ilurambar, or Walls of the World. They are as ice and glass and steel, being above all the imagination of the Children of Earth cold, transparent, and hard. They cannot be seen, nor can they be passed, save by the Door of Night. Within these walls the Earth is globed: above, below and upon all sides is Vaiya, the Enfolding Ocean. But this is more like to sea below the Earth and more like to air above the Earth.
Appearance
The Door of Night was likened to a huge gate of stone at the very edge of the world: the Ilurambar, invisible Walls of the World.
There it still stands, utterly black and huge against the deep-blue walls. Its pillars are of the mightiest basalt and its lintel likewise, but great dragons of black stone are carved thereon, and shadowy smoke pours slowly from their jaws.
Fate
In the Book of Lost Tales, Part One, the fate of the Door of Night in the West and its counterpart the Gates of Morning in the East are documented as follows:
For 'tis said ere the Great end come Melko shall in some wise contrive a quarrel between Moon and Sun, and Ilsinor shall seek to follow Urwendi through the Gates, and when they are gone the Gates of both East and West will be destroyed, and Urwendi and Ilsinor shall be lost.
In the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien, many of the Elves undertook a great migration and built a city upon reaching their destination; in early versions of the mythology, this city was known as Kôr. All those Elves who did not complete the migration, and consequently did not see Kôr, were known by the Quenya term Ilkorindi, literally "not of Kôr". The same term was applied to their many languages.
Reworking the mythology in the late 1920s, Tolkien applied the word only to those Elves (later called Sindar) who lived in Beleriand and were ruled by King Thingol:
:"In the course of ages the tongues and dialects of Beleriand became altogether estranged from those of other Eldar in Valinor, through the learned in such lore may perceive that they were anciently sprung from Telerin. These were the Ilkorin speeches of Beleriand."
These Ilkorin Elves spoke three dialects:
*the speech of the Elves of the Kingdom of Doriath, Doriathrin;
*the speech of the Elves from the havens of Brithombar and Eglarest, Falassian;
*the speech of the nomadic Elves living in Beleriand.
Later on (in the early 1940s) Tolkien conceived the name Lemberin for that language, and said about Ilkorin that it "is not rightly a linguistic name, and included the Pereldar, and all who began the march, but did not come to Kór".
So Lemberin became the name for the tongue of the Telerin Elves that remained in Beleriand. Before the coming of the Noldor it was spoken far and wide in Beleriand (save in Ossiriand) and all the names of places, of rivers, woods, fields, plains, hills and mountains were given in this tongue.
Reworking the mythology in the late 1920s, Tolkien applied the word only to those Elves (later called Sindar) who lived in Beleriand and were ruled by King Thingol:
:"In the course of ages the tongues and dialects of Beleriand became altogether estranged from those of other Eldar in Valinor, through the learned in such lore may perceive that they were anciently sprung from Telerin. These were the Ilkorin speeches of Beleriand."
These Ilkorin Elves spoke three dialects:
*the speech of the Elves of the Kingdom of Doriath, Doriathrin;
*the speech of the Elves from the havens of Brithombar and Eglarest, Falassian;
*the speech of the nomadic Elves living in Beleriand.
Later on (in the early 1940s) Tolkien conceived the name Lemberin for that language, and said about Ilkorin that it "is not rightly a linguistic name, and included the Pereldar, and all who began the march, but did not come to Kór".
So Lemberin became the name for the tongue of the Telerin Elves that remained in Beleriand. Before the coming of the Noldor it was spoken far and wide in Beleriand (save in Ossiriand) and all the names of places, of rivers, woods, fields, plains, hills and mountains were given in this tongue.