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Nicki Scully is an author and teacher in the fields of metaphysics, shamanism and healing. Her work combines energetic healing techniques with shamanic principles with the aim of providing integrated and balanced healing and growth processes. Founder and creator of Shamanic Journeys, Ltd. and Alchemical Healing, Scully has been visiting Egypt since 1978, and has incorporated aspects of Egyptian magic, lore and imagery into her shamanic work. She currently gives lectures, seminars and performances internationally at a variety of conferences and gatherings, and specializes in spiritual tours to Egypt, Greece, Peru, and what she regards as other sacred power centers.

Published works
Books

* 1991 - The Golden Cauldron: Shamanic Journeys on the Path of Wisdom (reissued as Power Animal Meditations) (Bear & Company) ISBN 0-939680-78-5
* 2001 - Power Animal Meditations: Shamanic Journeys With Your Spirit Allies (Bear & Company: Revised & Expand edition) ISBN 1-879181-71-1
* 2003 - Alchemical Healing: A Guide to Spiritual, Physical, and Transformational Medicine (Bear & Company) ISBN 1-59143-015-1

CDs & DVDs

* Alchemical Healing: Experiences, Insights, and Empowerments (DVD)
* Awakening the Cobra
* Journey with Eagle and Elephant
* Journey for Healing with Kuan Yin
* Tribal Alchemy
* ...And You Will Fly! (CD for children)
* Invocation to Hathor (DVD with Jimi & Morwen Two Feathers of Earth Drum Council, Billy Woods & Joshua Levine of Seeds of Time, Imani Buchanan, Owen White, Karen Berggren and Sylvia Brallier)

Audiocassettes

* The Cauldron of Thoth
* The Cauldron Journey for Rebirth
* Journeys Into the Cauldron (recorded live at the 1988 Starwood Festival)

The clinical studies of Educational Psychologists Ference Marton and Roger Säljö looked at how students approached learning and found that they could be divided into two distinct groups, those that took an understanding approach to learning and those that took a reproduction approach to learning (Marton & Säljö 1976). These are more commonly referred to as deep and surface approaches to learning.

In these studies students read a 1,500 word article on which they were questioned by an interviewer. In the interviews students were asked about what they remembered, how they felt about the task and how they approached the task. Analysis of the interviews showed that students could be divided into two groups:

1) Surface learners who focussed on parts of the article to memorise that they might be questioned on.

2) Deep learners who engaged in an active search for meaning.

The laboratory studies of Pask and co-workers came to similar conclusions (Pask 1976). Pask referred to the two different learning strategies that he had found as "serialists" and "holists". Serialists look at the detail and steps in the argument and appear to be a sophisticated surface approach. Holists have a broad focus and see the task in context, using analogies and illustrations.

Brown and Atkins in their review of studies of student learning suggested that the surface approach is not always inferior to the deep approach. Sometimes "'Knowing that' and 'Knowing how' are important." (Brown and Atkins 1990). For them:

Learning can then be conceived as a continuous process of development backwards and forwards between the two orientations.


Learning Approaches and Phenomenography
Marton has also been involved in the development of Phenomenography research, but this should be distinguished from the simpler model of student approaches to learning. Phenomenography aims to produce a detailed understanding of people's experiences and thoughts(in this case the students), whereas his earlier work on student approaches to learning examines how this behavior manifests itself in the approach the student takes.

Learning Approaches vs Learning Styles
It is important to distinguish between learning approaches and learning styles. Students can use different learning approaches for different tasks. These are not inherent personality traits and they are produced by the interaction of the student with the learning tasks. Research by Diana Laurillard confirmed this view by studying the learning approaches adopted by students across a number of different modules with different learning outcomes (Laurillard 1979, Laurillard 1997).

Canada

Ontario

* "Sudbury Saturday Night" - Stompin' Tom Connors

England
* "London Leatherboys" - Accept (1983)

Japan

* "Paris, Tokyo" - Lupe Fiasco (2008)
* "Tokyo" - Athlete (2007)
* "Tokyo" - Yui (2006)

France

* "Paris, Tokyo" - Lupe Fiasco (2008)

United States

Alabama

* "Midnight in Montgomery" - Alan Jackson (1991)

California

* "" - Scott McKenzie (1967)
* "Santa Monica" - Everclear (1995)
* "Straight Outta Compton" - N.W.A (1988)

Illinois

* "Chicago X 12" - Rogue Wave (2007)
* "Chicago's Finest" - Emmure

Nevada

* "Heaven or Las Vegas" - Cocteau Twins (1990)
* "Reno" - Doug Supernaw (1993)
* "Viva Las Vegas" - Elvis Presley (1964)

Louisiana

* "New Orleans" - Gary U.S. Bonds (1960)

New Mexico
* "Albuquerque" - (1999)

New York

* "New York, New York" - Ja Rule (2004)
* "New York, New York" - Moby (2006)
* "New York, New York" - Ryan Adams (2001)
* "" - Gerard Kenny (1979)

Ohio

* "Cleveland Rocks" - Ian Hunter (1979)
* "Cleveland Rocks" - Presidents of the United States of America (1997)

Texas

* "Amy's Back in Austin" - Little Texas (1994)
* "God Blessed Texas" - Little Texas (1993)

Washington

* "Seattle" - Public Image Ltd. (1987)