The Pumpkin Riots of 1923
The Pumpkin Riots of 1923 were a four-day outbreak of violence and looting
in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. They began in the town's Falls Park on October
16, before spilling out into the main commercial district and surrounding
lower-class neighborhoods, and ended on October 19.
Tension among the town's residents had been escalating for several months
over the threat of a pumpkin shortage due to inhospitable weather conditions
in the Great Plains prairie regions. The region had only begun to recover
from a severe plague of grasshoppers two decades prior.
There is dispute over how the unrest began. One common version is that the
riots began on the evening of October 16 after a young boy named Patrick
Stanton stole a pumpkin from a vendor at a farmer's market in Falls Park,
located just north of downtown alongside the Big Sioux River. Stanton was
purportedly bringing home the pumpkin to his sick mother, Martha, who was
suffering from tuberculosis. At the sight of the young boy running away with
the pumpkins, other residents followed suit, operating under the assumption
that the farmer's market was running out of usable gourds, and so absconding
with the pumpkins before none were left. Other versions contend the myth of
Stanton was invented by citizens after the riots, in an effort to make sense
of the events for young children.
The riots spread from Falls Park into the town's warehouse and meatpacking
districts, both of which suffered disastrous fire damage as mobs took to the
streets in protest. The Morrell meatpacking plant and nearby stockyards were
completely destroyed.
Five people died in the riots, 28 people were reported injured, hundreds
were arrested, and countless local businesses were forced to shut down from
the looting and irreparable fire damage.
The Pumpkin Riots of 1923 were a four-day outbreak of violence and looting
in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. They began in the town's Falls Park on October
16, before spilling out into the main commercial district and surrounding
lower-class neighborhoods, and ended on October 19.
Tension among the town's residents had been escalating for several months
over the threat of a pumpkin shortage due to inhospitable weather conditions
in the Great Plains prairie regions. The region had only begun to recover
from a severe plague of grasshoppers two decades prior.
There is dispute over how the unrest began. One common version is that the
riots began on the evening of October 16 after a young boy named Patrick
Stanton stole a pumpkin from a vendor at a farmer's market in Falls Park,
located just north of downtown alongside the Big Sioux River. Stanton was
purportedly bringing home the pumpkin to his sick mother, Martha, who was
suffering from tuberculosis. At the sight of the young boy running away with
the pumpkins, other residents followed suit, operating under the assumption
that the farmer's market was running out of usable gourds, and so absconding
with the pumpkins before none were left. Other versions contend the myth of
Stanton was invented by citizens after the riots, in an effort to make sense
of the events for young children.
The riots spread from Falls Park into the town's warehouse and meatpacking
districts, both of which suffered disastrous fire damage as mobs took to the
streets in protest. The Morrell meatpacking plant and nearby stockyards were
completely destroyed.
Five people died in the riots, 28 people were reported injured, hundreds
were arrested, and countless local businesses were forced to shut down from
the looting and irreparable fire damage.
The Venezuelan Grand Prix is a project of automobile race track to be constructed in Margarita island, Venezuela and to be inaugurated in October of 2007. The project was approved by the Interior of the State Nueva Esparta, Circuit the Simón International Bolivar and by the National Institute of Deportes of Venezuela, that contemplates the investment of near 1,135 million dollars. The automobile race track will fulfill the requirements demanded by Fédération Internationale of l'Automobile (IT TRUSTS) to make events automobile international, including a Great Prize of Formula 1.
The president of the Circuit, Caesar Galeano, had initially presented/displayed projects for the construction of the circuit in other places of Venezuela, such as the Peninsula of Paraguána, in the state Falcon, and Barcelona in the state Anzoátegui. Finally it was decided on the Margarita Island, to count this with one better hotel infrastructure, and for tourist reasons and of security.
Of the total investment, 800 million will be contributed by Formula 1, which will be financed by ENTRUSTS it through their vice-president Bernie Ecclestone. The number leaves a margin of participation for the Venezuelan government open, who could contribute through one of the filial companies of his oil state one Citgo. 60% of the investment that will become in this circuit will be into the hands of the National Institute of Deportes and the rest will be private capital, including the support of ENTRUST it.
The initial project had calculated a cost of 350 million dollars, in the proposal for Isla Margarita included an international automotive mechanics school, raised originally for Circuit the International of Shanghai and that did not get to be constructed. As it leaves from the project is considered the creation of a Bank of Tourism to mobilize the investments generated from the beginning of activities of the circuit. Also, IT ENTRUSTS it will contribute with the extension of those hotel companies that require investments to offer more and better rooms.
There are two sites that are had visualized to construct the automobile race track. One is the Peninsula of Macanao and the other is a land located next to Santiago Marino airport. The director of Formula 1, ENTRUSTS and the German designer Hermann Tilke they will visit both places to make the final decision and to begin the works.
The president of the Circuit, Caesar Galeano, had initially presented/displayed projects for the construction of the circuit in other places of Venezuela, such as the Peninsula of Paraguána, in the state Falcon, and Barcelona in the state Anzoátegui. Finally it was decided on the Margarita Island, to count this with one better hotel infrastructure, and for tourist reasons and of security.
Of the total investment, 800 million will be contributed by Formula 1, which will be financed by ENTRUSTS it through their vice-president Bernie Ecclestone. The number leaves a margin of participation for the Venezuelan government open, who could contribute through one of the filial companies of his oil state one Citgo. 60% of the investment that will become in this circuit will be into the hands of the National Institute of Deportes and the rest will be private capital, including the support of ENTRUST it.
The initial project had calculated a cost of 350 million dollars, in the proposal for Isla Margarita included an international automotive mechanics school, raised originally for Circuit the International of Shanghai and that did not get to be constructed. As it leaves from the project is considered the creation of a Bank of Tourism to mobilize the investments generated from the beginning of activities of the circuit. Also, IT ENTRUSTS it will contribute with the extension of those hotel companies that require investments to offer more and better rooms.
There are two sites that are had visualized to construct the automobile race track. One is the Peninsula of Macanao and the other is a land located next to Santiago Marino airport. The director of Formula 1, ENTRUSTS and the German designer Hermann Tilke they will visit both places to make the final decision and to begin the works.
Tovo (pronounced Toevo) are taking unified communications to the next stage. Tovo provides a free to download communications client that allows users to
*talk for free to other users of the network
*instant message via Tovo, MSN, AOL/ICQ, Jabber
*watch online TV and listen to radio channels
Tovo allows users to make telephone calls from their computer to other Tovo users free of charge, or to landlines and cell phones for a fee. Additional features include file transfer, video conferencing and a user searchable Directory.
Tovo can IM across platforms and is fully compatible with IM clients provided by MSN, AOL and Jabber. Tovo users can IM other platform users instantly and without logging on any other platform.
Tovo is based in Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK
website =
Features
Tovo Talk and Chat
Talk and Chat allows users to call traditional telephone numbers, including mobile telephones as well as to talk to any other Tovo customer. Unlike other VoIP providers Tovo users get both and incoming and outgoing service as a single bundle. There are no additional charges for making outgoing calls. Tovo provide a standard UK telephone number.
Tovo Watch and Listen
Users can access about 150 free channels of internet TV and radio via the Tovo software. It includes most of the standard UK channels as well as a good choice of international ones.
Tovo Surf and Pay
Tovo users can also create their own web portals (Mash ups via Tovo’s open source application interfaces. In many cases this is as easy as drag and drop installation of pre-coded applications Widgets. All uses have a tovo account which can be used to pay for telephone calls, content downloads and internet transactions.
Prices
Users can choose on of 3 usage bundles.
Pay as you go
The simplest is the pay as you go (PAYG) package. There are no monthly fees or contracts. Customers simply download the Tovo software and add credit to their account. Calls start from as little as 1.5p a minute. Incoming calls are free.
UK Freedom
The UK Freedom Package gives users free calls to all UK landline numbers. Packages come in two “flavors” - Pro and Lite. Pro packages give 5,000 minutes of use. Lite give 3,000 minutes. UK Freedom package costs about £50 for 3,000 minutes or about £80 for 5,000 minutes. There are no connection charges or minimum calls charges. Calls to international destinations are priced in three simple bands. Tier 1 calls – the most commonly called destinations are between 1.5 and 2p minute. Calls to Tier 2 are 5p minute. Calls to more exotic destinations are priced on an individual basis. Full rates can be seen at http://www.tovo.com/rates.php.
International Freedom
The International Freedom package extends the range of numbers that can be called within the bundle. These packages allow free calls to all UK landline and international Tier 1 destinations. International Pro costs about £85; International Lite about £55.
Same Price Globally
An interesting effect of Tovo’s pricing policy is that once installed on a laptop or computer the prices are identical from anywhere in the World. So, for example, a user in Hong Kong can call back to the UK for free (within the constraints of the Pro and Lite packages).
Quality of service is not guaranteed. Dropouts, broken connections and compression distortion are occasionally observed by users.
Tovo Mobile
Perhaps the most fascinating part of the Tovo service is that it works on a variety of mobile phones. Users can buy WiFi enabled phones from Tovo or from places such as Tesco (The UK’s largest retailer). No software download is required as the phones already have the Tovo service pre-installed.
These phones work wherever there is WiFi. Phones log in automatically (once passwords have been installed) and allow users to benefit from Tovo calling rates. Again calls to and from Tovo customers are free and calls to UK and international numbers are substantially less than those normally associated with mobile phone calls. Tovo mobile users get the same calling rates as laptop and PC users. These tariffs are applicable anywhere in the World. So a Tovo mobile user can call from anywhere at the same rates. One big benefit is that calls to Tovo mobiles do not incur roaming charges.
Tovo PC and laptop users get a lot more than cheap calls and IM. The software gives access to a whole range of features.
Operating systems
Tovo currently only supports XP and Windows Vista. Tovo report Mac OS X and GNU/Linux versions are under development.
Tovo protocol
The main difference between Tovo and Skype clients is that Tovo uses industry standard SIP.
Tovo clients do not need to support other users and it much less dependant on local bandwidth and processor speeds
Tovo Limited (corporate)
Tovo (Europe) Ltd, the main holding company was formed in July 2007 and the main shares holders are its founders – Martin Heath, Richard Newsome and Ashley Warden. There are a number of smaller shareholders.
Criticisms
The Tovo client is largish – about 15 Mbytes but is relatively easy to install. There is little information on security.
*talk for free to other users of the network
*instant message via Tovo, MSN, AOL/ICQ, Jabber
*watch online TV and listen to radio channels
Tovo allows users to make telephone calls from their computer to other Tovo users free of charge, or to landlines and cell phones for a fee. Additional features include file transfer, video conferencing and a user searchable Directory.
Tovo can IM across platforms and is fully compatible with IM clients provided by MSN, AOL and Jabber. Tovo users can IM other platform users instantly and without logging on any other platform.
Tovo is based in Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK
website =
Features
Tovo Talk and Chat
Talk and Chat allows users to call traditional telephone numbers, including mobile telephones as well as to talk to any other Tovo customer. Unlike other VoIP providers Tovo users get both and incoming and outgoing service as a single bundle. There are no additional charges for making outgoing calls. Tovo provide a standard UK telephone number.
Tovo Watch and Listen
Users can access about 150 free channels of internet TV and radio via the Tovo software. It includes most of the standard UK channels as well as a good choice of international ones.
Tovo Surf and Pay
Tovo users can also create their own web portals (Mash ups via Tovo’s open source application interfaces. In many cases this is as easy as drag and drop installation of pre-coded applications Widgets. All uses have a tovo account which can be used to pay for telephone calls, content downloads and internet transactions.
Prices
Users can choose on of 3 usage bundles.
Pay as you go
The simplest is the pay as you go (PAYG) package. There are no monthly fees or contracts. Customers simply download the Tovo software and add credit to their account. Calls start from as little as 1.5p a minute. Incoming calls are free.
UK Freedom
The UK Freedom Package gives users free calls to all UK landline numbers. Packages come in two “flavors” - Pro and Lite. Pro packages give 5,000 minutes of use. Lite give 3,000 minutes. UK Freedom package costs about £50 for 3,000 minutes or about £80 for 5,000 minutes. There are no connection charges or minimum calls charges. Calls to international destinations are priced in three simple bands. Tier 1 calls – the most commonly called destinations are between 1.5 and 2p minute. Calls to Tier 2 are 5p minute. Calls to more exotic destinations are priced on an individual basis. Full rates can be seen at http://www.tovo.com/rates.php.
International Freedom
The International Freedom package extends the range of numbers that can be called within the bundle. These packages allow free calls to all UK landline and international Tier 1 destinations. International Pro costs about £85; International Lite about £55.
Same Price Globally
An interesting effect of Tovo’s pricing policy is that once installed on a laptop or computer the prices are identical from anywhere in the World. So, for example, a user in Hong Kong can call back to the UK for free (within the constraints of the Pro and Lite packages).
Quality of service is not guaranteed. Dropouts, broken connections and compression distortion are occasionally observed by users.
Tovo Mobile
Perhaps the most fascinating part of the Tovo service is that it works on a variety of mobile phones. Users can buy WiFi enabled phones from Tovo or from places such as Tesco (The UK’s largest retailer). No software download is required as the phones already have the Tovo service pre-installed.
These phones work wherever there is WiFi. Phones log in automatically (once passwords have been installed) and allow users to benefit from Tovo calling rates. Again calls to and from Tovo customers are free and calls to UK and international numbers are substantially less than those normally associated with mobile phone calls. Tovo mobile users get the same calling rates as laptop and PC users. These tariffs are applicable anywhere in the World. So a Tovo mobile user can call from anywhere at the same rates. One big benefit is that calls to Tovo mobiles do not incur roaming charges.
Tovo PC and laptop users get a lot more than cheap calls and IM. The software gives access to a whole range of features.
Operating systems
Tovo currently only supports XP and Windows Vista. Tovo report Mac OS X and GNU/Linux versions are under development.
Tovo protocol
The main difference between Tovo and Skype clients is that Tovo uses industry standard SIP.
Tovo clients do not need to support other users and it much less dependant on local bandwidth and processor speeds
Tovo Limited (corporate)
Tovo (Europe) Ltd, the main holding company was formed in July 2007 and the main shares holders are its founders – Martin Heath, Richard Newsome and Ashley Warden. There are a number of smaller shareholders.
Criticisms
The Tovo client is largish – about 15 Mbytes but is relatively easy to install. There is little information on security.
One Common Unity (OCU) is a D.C.-based, non-profit grassroots organization which aims to create and nurture sustainable communities through arts, peace, and media education. Founded in 2000, OCU works with public schools, organizations, and private institutions to develop summer, after-school, and year-round programs, curricula, seminars, events, and workshops centered on personal responsibility and community consciousness. OCU has participated in events such as the Washington D.C. Green Festival.