SOF Mafia where SOF means Special Operations Forces which include all type assets under control of the Department of Defense, and specifically the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict (ASD/SOLIC) [under the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)], and the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM, ), but also includes specialized resources belonging to other Executive activities. In fact, much of its “membership” was logically drawn from the Army’s Special Forces (proportionately the largest component of the community), but players and sympathizers came from virtually all other elements including foreign counterparts.
History
The term “SOF Mafia” appears to have originated in the early 1980s (as did the synonymous “SOF Liberation Front” later in the decade) within the Pentagon, and was intended as derisive given conflict between conventionalist politico-military thinking and the more progressive mindset associated with the “Mafia.” The decade was described as one of “internecine warfare” by several “mafiosi” and sympathizers because it underscored fundamental, essentially antithetical differences in thinking over how best to refocus and employ type assets in the future. So far as is known, the “Mafia” never had a “chief” (though certainly there were “chiefs” within it) and no formal meetings were ever held; rather, this controversial, parallel shadow group of like-minded individuals—male and female—simply coalesced.
Complexity Theory
See, for instance, Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons, pp. 76-77, where “complexity theory” is discussed . In response to the question, “How can diverse and independent intelligences function effectively without a leader or executive?” Gardner answers, in part: “A theory that does not posit an executive function has certain advantages over one that does. Such a theory is simpler; it also avoids the specter of infinite regression—the question of who or what is in charge of the executive. Nor does effective work necessarily require an executive. Many groups—be they artistic or athletic —perform well without designated leaders; and an increasing number of work teams are organized heterarchically rather than hierarchically. Complexity theory documents how well-organized entities can arise naturally, without the need for a ‘master plan.’”
Mindset of Members
Two essential features of the “Mafia” may be seen epithetically when some from the Executive and Legislative branches, and parts of the media, academia and private enterprise (so-called “think tanks,” for instance, as part of the industrial-military complex) referred to it as “the intelligentsia of the SpecWar community,” “a brain trust.” Its members, too, clearly were globalists, presenting a worldview that was not only panoramic but comprehensive. As such, the “Mafia” had a prescient ability that confounded many but its track record speaks for itself. Similarly, it was more at home with sophisticated, multi-dimensional operations than were others.
The second essential feature was its decidedly “proactive” stance on geopolitical matters. The “Mafia” typically emphasized the use of psychology against adversaries: “What message do we want to send, and to whom do we want to send it?” were standard components of operations conceptualized and designed by “mafiosi.” Such a “message” might be “We can get to you at any time, in any place, and there’s nothing you can do about it, so ….” This further suggests their penchant toward sophistication but also highlights another hallmark of the group, that of audacity but founded in intelligent reflection.
All in all, the “Mafia” had a clear desire to address problems before they became so big as to require the employment of conventional military power, thus one of its maxims that “A primary raison d’etre for maintaining a special warfare capability is to preclude the application of conventional military power/force to solve essentially political problems.” Given the evolutionary nature of the geopolitical environment and the inherent potential of this national resource, the “Mafia” believed that the SpecWar community is uniquely suited for quiet, often discreet but not infrequently long-term employment [such as in the case of Unconventional Warfare (UW)] for which the conventional force structure is neither designed or particularly adaptable, cf. symmetric v. asymmetric warfare.
Worldview
Combining their more culturally-sensitive perspectives with their more proactive nature, further evidence of the “Mafia’s” worldview was seen in its capacity to conduct sophisticated geopolitical analyses--as seen in 1986, for instance, when two of its members—with assistance from others—produced a highly-classified global threat assessment that promoted their essential perspective (1) by viewing the world along more culturally-attuned lines, (2) by demonstrating the scope and depth of their knowledge in correctly predicting and identifying potential problem areas—i.e, that could involve the United States (or its allies) at some point in the future (such as via insurgencies), and (3) by recommending appropriate courses of action to preclude the massive employment of conventional forces supra. Retrospectively, the assessment was almost clairvoyant, uncanny in its prescient accuracy. . As a group, they epitomized the “Warrior-Diplomat,” very much akin to the “Diplomat-Warrior” of COL Rudy Barnes, Jr.
Contrast with Conventional Thinking
To contrast, where conventionalists understandably tend to see the world in terms of politico-military applications, the “Mafia” looked first at sociocultural and sociopolitical potential, then at politico-military aspects thus were the social sciences a key to its vision. For example, the “Mafia” subscribed to and incorporated the general principles associated with cultural anthropology in its worldview—thus practical application—whereas for traditionalists such concerns were and are more ancillary or inconvenient because they may not appear to be applicable to the direct-combat operations the conventional force structure is designed to prosecute. Another controversial characteristic of the group was that it saw “bureaucracy” as anathema, and often railed against it in efforts to streamline process.
Women in Special Warfare
Still another example of its more progressive vision was seen in calls by some that women be admitted to the community and given substantive operational roles as was seen in its antecedent Office of Strategic Services, the vaunted OSS and Special Operations Executive (SOE) of WWII fame. .
The “Phoenix Paradigm
Heritage also suggests both an intellectual and operational tradition and legacy contemporarily born of the OSS, but since “Mafia” thinking may be found in many political and sociopolitical activities, the mindset associated with it endures thus its influence is still felt, and feared in some circles. In July of 1986, for example, two of its members supra were secretly tasked by the Congress with redesigning the entire US special warfare community; they, in turn, brought in others of the group to assist.
The controversial end result, referred to by one of the principles as “the Phoenix Paradigm” , was a separate, cabinet-level Federal activity (1) that consolidated Special Forces, and other specialized type capabilities from other governmental activities, to focus on the more primary role in UW while the conventional force structure retained its specialized direct-combat capabilities such as Army Rangers and Navy SEALs, (2) that focused the nation’s strategic psychological and sociopolitical potential, and (3) that had greatly enhanced abilities in intelligence. It also called for the separation of the functions of Director, CIA (D, CIA) and then-Director of Central Intelligence (DCI, now Director of National Intelligence or DNI), 18 years before the Congress actually did so as a result of the 9/11 attacks on the United States . Another controversial feature of the proposed organization was its emphasis on networking not only with Executive peers, but with the Congress, academia, and others, in an effort to promote inclusive multilateralism and further reduce historic bureaucratic parochialism as was an intent of Goldwater-Nichols .
Political Support: Legislative
The highly classified plan had a mix of supporters (some heralded the organization as “visionary”) and detractors (some thought it a resurrection of the OSS), but in the end the Pentagon and other affected players, in order to forestall an imposed break-away, relented and USSOCOM was born in its stead in April of 1987 , given the motivation provided by Goldwater-Nichols.
Political Support: Executive
While it may be fairly said that this time period was characterized by sometimes intense conflict between majority conventionalists and those subscribing to the “Mafia” mindset, it should be noted that “Supporters for reforming special operations ‘included members of the conventional military forces, civilians in the Department of Defense, members of the press and publishing world, and members of Congress and their staffs.’ They have been called the ‘SOF Liberation Front’ or the ‘SOF Mafia.’ [See Ted Lunger, interview by John Partin, Memorandum For Record, (Washington, 1988); and COL Scott Stephens, interview, (March 1993), quoted in Marquis, Susan L., Unconventional Warfare: Rebuilding US Special Operations Forces, [Washington, DC: Brookings, 1997, at 57-58, quoted in “Special Operations: Re-examining the Case for a Sixth Service,” a monograph by MAJ Douglas G. Overdeer, US Army School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, KS (AY 03-04, at 23)].” Indeed, at least one high-level Pentagon supporter referred to the group as “cutting edge.”
The Future
The “Mafia,” as an ideological entity, ceased being such in the early 90s but some of its number remain active both within the national security apparatus and on its periphery, while still others have passed. It did leave a footprint—doctrinally, organizationally, and through its activities, and its espoused vision was endorsed in 1987 by some veterans of the OSS during a reunion at Ft. Bragg, NC.
As of 2006, it is unclear if the Pentagon again may be re-considering Special Forces as fated in favor of the conventional impetus toward more specialized direct-combat capabilities such as commando operations, and less on the more sophisticated, longer-term requirements associated with UW, Foreign Internal Defense, Internal Defense and Development, and other Civil Affairs-type activities [per a 2007 public ltr entitled “The Long Farewell” from MG James A. Guest, (USASF, Ret.)]. While the trend toward more specialized combat units actually began to manifest in the early 90s, during and incidental to “Desert Shield/Desert Storm,” and in spite of the suggestion in the public version of USSOCOM’s 2006 "Capstone Concept for Special Operations" that the Command is keenly aware of the both the sociocultural and sociopolitical environments in which it must function, and the demands thereupon (for instance UW or other forms of security assistance), Direct Action missions/operations will probably continue to dominate, likely due to the emphasis on the Global War On Terror. It provides another example of the contentious, oppositional nature of the relationship between conventional thinking and the more progressive, socially-conscious focus of the “Mafia.”
Bibliography
Bank, COL Aaron, From OSS to Green Beret: The Birth of Special Forces, , and http://en. .org/wiki/Aaron_Bank
Barnes, COL Rudolph C., Jr., Military Legitimacy: Might and Right in the New Millennium, and
(Unclassified) "Capstone Concept for Special Operations," United States Special Operations Command, MacDill AFB, FL, 2006
Gardner, Howard, Ph.D., Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons,
“Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986” http://en. .org/wiki/Goldwater-Nichols_Act
Guest, MG James A., “The Long Farewell,” 2007
"Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004" http://en. .org/wiki/Intelligence_Reform_and_Terrorism_Prevention_Act_of_2004
Marquis, Susan L., Ph.D., Unconventional Warfare: Rebuilding US Special Operations Forces, and
Overdeer, MAJ Douglas G., “Special Operations: Re-examining the Case for a Sixth Service,” and [http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verbgetRecord&metadataPrefixhtml&identifier=ADA429891]
Title 10, United States Code, §167
For a discussion of “Complexity Theory,” see also http://en. .org/wiki/Application_of_complexity_theory_to_organizations
For more discussion on “Unconventional Warfare,” see also http://en. .org/wiki/Unconventional_Warfare and, for instance, Bernard Fall (http://en. .org/wiki/Bernard_Fall), and Lt. Col. Sir Thomas E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, and http://en. .org/wiki/T.E._Lawrence
History
The term “SOF Mafia” appears to have originated in the early 1980s (as did the synonymous “SOF Liberation Front” later in the decade) within the Pentagon, and was intended as derisive given conflict between conventionalist politico-military thinking and the more progressive mindset associated with the “Mafia.” The decade was described as one of “internecine warfare” by several “mafiosi” and sympathizers because it underscored fundamental, essentially antithetical differences in thinking over how best to refocus and employ type assets in the future. So far as is known, the “Mafia” never had a “chief” (though certainly there were “chiefs” within it) and no formal meetings were ever held; rather, this controversial, parallel shadow group of like-minded individuals—male and female—simply coalesced.
Complexity Theory
See, for instance, Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons, pp. 76-77, where “complexity theory” is discussed . In response to the question, “How can diverse and independent intelligences function effectively without a leader or executive?” Gardner answers, in part: “A theory that does not posit an executive function has certain advantages over one that does. Such a theory is simpler; it also avoids the specter of infinite regression—the question of who or what is in charge of the executive. Nor does effective work necessarily require an executive. Many groups—be they artistic or athletic —perform well without designated leaders; and an increasing number of work teams are organized heterarchically rather than hierarchically. Complexity theory documents how well-organized entities can arise naturally, without the need for a ‘master plan.’”
Mindset of Members
Two essential features of the “Mafia” may be seen epithetically when some from the Executive and Legislative branches, and parts of the media, academia and private enterprise (so-called “think tanks,” for instance, as part of the industrial-military complex) referred to it as “the intelligentsia of the SpecWar community,” “a brain trust.” Its members, too, clearly were globalists, presenting a worldview that was not only panoramic but comprehensive. As such, the “Mafia” had a prescient ability that confounded many but its track record speaks for itself. Similarly, it was more at home with sophisticated, multi-dimensional operations than were others.
The second essential feature was its decidedly “proactive” stance on geopolitical matters. The “Mafia” typically emphasized the use of psychology against adversaries: “What message do we want to send, and to whom do we want to send it?” were standard components of operations conceptualized and designed by “mafiosi.” Such a “message” might be “We can get to you at any time, in any place, and there’s nothing you can do about it, so ….” This further suggests their penchant toward sophistication but also highlights another hallmark of the group, that of audacity but founded in intelligent reflection.
All in all, the “Mafia” had a clear desire to address problems before they became so big as to require the employment of conventional military power, thus one of its maxims that “A primary raison d’etre for maintaining a special warfare capability is to preclude the application of conventional military power/force to solve essentially political problems.” Given the evolutionary nature of the geopolitical environment and the inherent potential of this national resource, the “Mafia” believed that the SpecWar community is uniquely suited for quiet, often discreet but not infrequently long-term employment [such as in the case of Unconventional Warfare (UW)] for which the conventional force structure is neither designed or particularly adaptable, cf. symmetric v. asymmetric warfare.
Worldview
Combining their more culturally-sensitive perspectives with their more proactive nature, further evidence of the “Mafia’s” worldview was seen in its capacity to conduct sophisticated geopolitical analyses--as seen in 1986, for instance, when two of its members—with assistance from others—produced a highly-classified global threat assessment that promoted their essential perspective (1) by viewing the world along more culturally-attuned lines, (2) by demonstrating the scope and depth of their knowledge in correctly predicting and identifying potential problem areas—i.e, that could involve the United States (or its allies) at some point in the future (such as via insurgencies), and (3) by recommending appropriate courses of action to preclude the massive employment of conventional forces supra. Retrospectively, the assessment was almost clairvoyant, uncanny in its prescient accuracy. . As a group, they epitomized the “Warrior-Diplomat,” very much akin to the “Diplomat-Warrior” of COL Rudy Barnes, Jr.
Contrast with Conventional Thinking
To contrast, where conventionalists understandably tend to see the world in terms of politico-military applications, the “Mafia” looked first at sociocultural and sociopolitical potential, then at politico-military aspects thus were the social sciences a key to its vision. For example, the “Mafia” subscribed to and incorporated the general principles associated with cultural anthropology in its worldview—thus practical application—whereas for traditionalists such concerns were and are more ancillary or inconvenient because they may not appear to be applicable to the direct-combat operations the conventional force structure is designed to prosecute. Another controversial characteristic of the group was that it saw “bureaucracy” as anathema, and often railed against it in efforts to streamline process.
Women in Special Warfare
Still another example of its more progressive vision was seen in calls by some that women be admitted to the community and given substantive operational roles as was seen in its antecedent Office of Strategic Services, the vaunted OSS and Special Operations Executive (SOE) of WWII fame. .
The “Phoenix Paradigm
Heritage also suggests both an intellectual and operational tradition and legacy contemporarily born of the OSS, but since “Mafia” thinking may be found in many political and sociopolitical activities, the mindset associated with it endures thus its influence is still felt, and feared in some circles. In July of 1986, for example, two of its members supra were secretly tasked by the Congress with redesigning the entire US special warfare community; they, in turn, brought in others of the group to assist.
The controversial end result, referred to by one of the principles as “the Phoenix Paradigm” , was a separate, cabinet-level Federal activity (1) that consolidated Special Forces, and other specialized type capabilities from other governmental activities, to focus on the more primary role in UW while the conventional force structure retained its specialized direct-combat capabilities such as Army Rangers and Navy SEALs, (2) that focused the nation’s strategic psychological and sociopolitical potential, and (3) that had greatly enhanced abilities in intelligence. It also called for the separation of the functions of Director, CIA (D, CIA) and then-Director of Central Intelligence (DCI, now Director of National Intelligence or DNI), 18 years before the Congress actually did so as a result of the 9/11 attacks on the United States . Another controversial feature of the proposed organization was its emphasis on networking not only with Executive peers, but with the Congress, academia, and others, in an effort to promote inclusive multilateralism and further reduce historic bureaucratic parochialism as was an intent of Goldwater-Nichols .
Political Support: Legislative
The highly classified plan had a mix of supporters (some heralded the organization as “visionary”) and detractors (some thought it a resurrection of the OSS), but in the end the Pentagon and other affected players, in order to forestall an imposed break-away, relented and USSOCOM was born in its stead in April of 1987 , given the motivation provided by Goldwater-Nichols.
Political Support: Executive
While it may be fairly said that this time period was characterized by sometimes intense conflict between majority conventionalists and those subscribing to the “Mafia” mindset, it should be noted that “Supporters for reforming special operations ‘included members of the conventional military forces, civilians in the Department of Defense, members of the press and publishing world, and members of Congress and their staffs.’ They have been called the ‘SOF Liberation Front’ or the ‘SOF Mafia.’ [See Ted Lunger, interview by John Partin, Memorandum For Record, (Washington, 1988); and COL Scott Stephens, interview, (March 1993), quoted in Marquis, Susan L., Unconventional Warfare: Rebuilding US Special Operations Forces, [Washington, DC: Brookings, 1997, at 57-58, quoted in “Special Operations: Re-examining the Case for a Sixth Service,” a monograph by MAJ Douglas G. Overdeer, US Army School of Advanced Military Studies, United States Army Command and General Staff College, Ft. Leavenworth, KS (AY 03-04, at 23)].” Indeed, at least one high-level Pentagon supporter referred to the group as “cutting edge.”
The Future
The “Mafia,” as an ideological entity, ceased being such in the early 90s but some of its number remain active both within the national security apparatus and on its periphery, while still others have passed. It did leave a footprint—doctrinally, organizationally, and through its activities, and its espoused vision was endorsed in 1987 by some veterans of the OSS during a reunion at Ft. Bragg, NC.
As of 2006, it is unclear if the Pentagon again may be re-considering Special Forces as fated in favor of the conventional impetus toward more specialized direct-combat capabilities such as commando operations, and less on the more sophisticated, longer-term requirements associated with UW, Foreign Internal Defense, Internal Defense and Development, and other Civil Affairs-type activities [per a 2007 public ltr entitled “The Long Farewell” from MG James A. Guest, (USASF, Ret.)]. While the trend toward more specialized combat units actually began to manifest in the early 90s, during and incidental to “Desert Shield/Desert Storm,” and in spite of the suggestion in the public version of USSOCOM’s 2006 "Capstone Concept for Special Operations" that the Command is keenly aware of the both the sociocultural and sociopolitical environments in which it must function, and the demands thereupon (for instance UW or other forms of security assistance), Direct Action missions/operations will probably continue to dominate, likely due to the emphasis on the Global War On Terror. It provides another example of the contentious, oppositional nature of the relationship between conventional thinking and the more progressive, socially-conscious focus of the “Mafia.”
Bibliography
Bank, COL Aaron, From OSS to Green Beret: The Birth of Special Forces, , and http://en. .org/wiki/Aaron_Bank
Barnes, COL Rudolph C., Jr., Military Legitimacy: Might and Right in the New Millennium, and
(Unclassified) "Capstone Concept for Special Operations," United States Special Operations Command, MacDill AFB, FL, 2006
Gardner, Howard, Ph.D., Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons,
“Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986” http://en. .org/wiki/Goldwater-Nichols_Act
Guest, MG James A., “The Long Farewell,” 2007
"Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004" http://en. .org/wiki/Intelligence_Reform_and_Terrorism_Prevention_Act_of_2004
Marquis, Susan L., Ph.D., Unconventional Warfare: Rebuilding US Special Operations Forces, and
Overdeer, MAJ Douglas G., “Special Operations: Re-examining the Case for a Sixth Service,” and [http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verbgetRecord&metadataPrefixhtml&identifier=ADA429891]
Title 10, United States Code, §167
For a discussion of “Complexity Theory,” see also http://en. .org/wiki/Application_of_complexity_theory_to_organizations
For more discussion on “Unconventional Warfare,” see also http://en. .org/wiki/Unconventional_Warfare and, for instance, Bernard Fall (http://en. .org/wiki/Bernard_Fall), and Lt. Col. Sir Thomas E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, and http://en. .org/wiki/T.E._Lawrence
Wake
"Wake" is an instrumental track on Linkin Park's 3rd and latest studio album, Minutes to Midnight. It is the first track and the shortest. It starts out with a needle to vinyl sound (as mentioned in the booklet) and then goes into a whole band song idea ending with a barely noticeable synchronize to Given Up.
As it says in the included booklet with the album This short song was created near the end of the album writing process. The dual-meaning of the word "wake" seemed an appropiate introduction to the record.
Wake is the first instrumental song on any of Linkin Park's studio albums to start the album (with the exception of Foreword on Meteora). It is also the first instrumental to not be at least 2 minutes long (once again with the exception of Foreword).
Given Up
Main article: Given Up
Leave Out All The Rest
Main article: Leave Out All The Rest
Bleed It Out
Main article: Bleed It Out
Shadow of the Day
Main article: Shadow of the Day
What I've Done
Main article: What I've Done
Hands Held High
"Hands Held High" is a rap song by Linkin Park from their 3rd studio album Minutes to Midnight.
There is a feeling of religious/church because of the organ. It criticises politics and the rich in relation to the war in Iraq. The song was also known as the working title "Song Q" and was an instrumental.
This is the first song on the album that has Mike singing solo (with an exception of the "Amen" chant that also includes the entire band singing) and the second and last to have Mike rapping.
No More Sorrow
No More Sorrow is the 8th song on the Minutes to Midnight album by Linkin Park.
It originally began as part of the solo to The Little Things Give You Away, but was replaced by the current version and the leftover piece became this song.
In this song, Brad uses an e-bow to play his guitar riffs in the verses and outro. Producer Rick Rubin wanted the band to use e-bow for The Little Things Give You Away, but the band eventually decided that it sounded better in this song.
It has a very lengthy intro. Chester starts singing only after almost a minute goes by. After the intro, there is hard riffing and loud hollow drumming. Described as a war/protest themed song, it is aimed at the government, evident in the "Thieves and Hypocrites" interlude.
Valentine's Day
"Valentine's Day" is the 9th song on the album Minutes to Midnight by Linkin Park.
Contrary to popular belief, Valentine's Day is more or less used as a metaphor, the song speaking about losing the one you love; verses "And the clouds above move closer, looking so dissatisfied, and the ground below grew colder as they put you down inside" picturing a funeral scene.
Most of the song is a low piano ballad, except at the end, when the whole band plays while "On a Valentine's Day" is repeated.
It features a piano solo by Mike Shinoda.
In Between
In Between is the 10th song on 3rd album Minutes to Midnight.
This song is very soft and features much usage of synthesizers. Mike Shinoda mostly sings solo, with Chester Bennington singing some backing vocals. As the song progresses more layers of music are added.
It is the first song where Mike Shinoda sings his vocals rather than rapping. It starts with his vocals and an upright bass line. It expands with synthesizer effects during each verse and chorus in the song. There is virtually no drumming in this song.
While making the song, Chester sang the song at one point, but voted for Mike's version instead.
It is the same length as its preceding song, Valentine's Day.
The song is stated to be one of the band's favourites.
In Pieces
In Pieces is the 11th song from Minutes to Midnight, the latest album from Linkin Park.
The song is mostly made of a keyboard and beat loop. There is fast solo guitar in the second verse. This is the third of four songs to contain a guitar solo for Linkin Park. The other songs in which we can listen to solos are Shadow of the Day, What I've Done and The Little Things Give You Away.
The Little Things Give You Away
The Little Things Give You Away is the final song in the base track listing of the Linkin Park album Minutes to Midnight. It is by far the longest Linkin Park song to be recorded to this point, at six minutes and twenty-four seconds. This song was not released as a single.
The Little Things Give You Away had gained to working title as "The Drum Song" until release due to it's original creation by Linkin Park percussionist Rob Bourdon as a steady drum beat. Reportedly, Chester Bennington's lyrics to the song were completed shortly after the band's visit to New Orleans, Louisiana during the aftermath of the deadly Hurricane Katrina.
The Little Things You Give Away has been interpreted, mainly in facts due to it's completion after the band's tour of a devastated New Orleans, as a subtle means of criticism on United States President George W. Bush's and FEMA's late reaction to the Katrina disaster as from the point of view of the residents who stayed to ride out the storm.
No Roads Left
No Roads Left is a B-Side track from Linkin Park. This track was only given to those who preordered the band's 3rd album, Minutes to Midnight, from iTunes.
This is Mike Shinoda's third solo song, but the only solo where he gets no background chanting like in Hands Held High and In Between. He sings in a more aggressive tone then in his other solos.
The song deals with someone who has no idea what to do, no paths to take. It uses a lot of metaphors, such as "And no roads left to run".
"Wake" is an instrumental track on Linkin Park's 3rd and latest studio album, Minutes to Midnight. It is the first track and the shortest. It starts out with a needle to vinyl sound (as mentioned in the booklet) and then goes into a whole band song idea ending with a barely noticeable synchronize to Given Up.
As it says in the included booklet with the album This short song was created near the end of the album writing process. The dual-meaning of the word "wake" seemed an appropiate introduction to the record.
Wake is the first instrumental song on any of Linkin Park's studio albums to start the album (with the exception of Foreword on Meteora). It is also the first instrumental to not be at least 2 minutes long (once again with the exception of Foreword).
Given Up
Main article: Given Up
Leave Out All The Rest
Main article: Leave Out All The Rest
Bleed It Out
Main article: Bleed It Out
Shadow of the Day
Main article: Shadow of the Day
What I've Done
Main article: What I've Done
Hands Held High
"Hands Held High" is a rap song by Linkin Park from their 3rd studio album Minutes to Midnight.
There is a feeling of religious/church because of the organ. It criticises politics and the rich in relation to the war in Iraq. The song was also known as the working title "Song Q" and was an instrumental.
This is the first song on the album that has Mike singing solo (with an exception of the "Amen" chant that also includes the entire band singing) and the second and last to have Mike rapping.
No More Sorrow
No More Sorrow is the 8th song on the Minutes to Midnight album by Linkin Park.
It originally began as part of the solo to The Little Things Give You Away, but was replaced by the current version and the leftover piece became this song.
In this song, Brad uses an e-bow to play his guitar riffs in the verses and outro. Producer Rick Rubin wanted the band to use e-bow for The Little Things Give You Away, but the band eventually decided that it sounded better in this song.
It has a very lengthy intro. Chester starts singing only after almost a minute goes by. After the intro, there is hard riffing and loud hollow drumming. Described as a war/protest themed song, it is aimed at the government, evident in the "Thieves and Hypocrites" interlude.
Valentine's Day
"Valentine's Day" is the 9th song on the album Minutes to Midnight by Linkin Park.
Contrary to popular belief, Valentine's Day is more or less used as a metaphor, the song speaking about losing the one you love; verses "And the clouds above move closer, looking so dissatisfied, and the ground below grew colder as they put you down inside" picturing a funeral scene.
Most of the song is a low piano ballad, except at the end, when the whole band plays while "On a Valentine's Day" is repeated.
It features a piano solo by Mike Shinoda.
In Between
In Between is the 10th song on 3rd album Minutes to Midnight.
This song is very soft and features much usage of synthesizers. Mike Shinoda mostly sings solo, with Chester Bennington singing some backing vocals. As the song progresses more layers of music are added.
It is the first song where Mike Shinoda sings his vocals rather than rapping. It starts with his vocals and an upright bass line. It expands with synthesizer effects during each verse and chorus in the song. There is virtually no drumming in this song.
While making the song, Chester sang the song at one point, but voted for Mike's version instead.
It is the same length as its preceding song, Valentine's Day.
The song is stated to be one of the band's favourites.
In Pieces
In Pieces is the 11th song from Minutes to Midnight, the latest album from Linkin Park.
The song is mostly made of a keyboard and beat loop. There is fast solo guitar in the second verse. This is the third of four songs to contain a guitar solo for Linkin Park. The other songs in which we can listen to solos are Shadow of the Day, What I've Done and The Little Things Give You Away.
The Little Things Give You Away
The Little Things Give You Away is the final song in the base track listing of the Linkin Park album Minutes to Midnight. It is by far the longest Linkin Park song to be recorded to this point, at six minutes and twenty-four seconds. This song was not released as a single.
The Little Things Give You Away had gained to working title as "The Drum Song" until release due to it's original creation by Linkin Park percussionist Rob Bourdon as a steady drum beat. Reportedly, Chester Bennington's lyrics to the song were completed shortly after the band's visit to New Orleans, Louisiana during the aftermath of the deadly Hurricane Katrina.
The Little Things You Give Away has been interpreted, mainly in facts due to it's completion after the band's tour of a devastated New Orleans, as a subtle means of criticism on United States President George W. Bush's and FEMA's late reaction to the Katrina disaster as from the point of view of the residents who stayed to ride out the storm.
No Roads Left
No Roads Left is a B-Side track from Linkin Park. This track was only given to those who preordered the band's 3rd album, Minutes to Midnight, from iTunes.
This is Mike Shinoda's third solo song, but the only solo where he gets no background chanting like in Hands Held High and In Between. He sings in a more aggressive tone then in his other solos.
The song deals with someone who has no idea what to do, no paths to take. It uses a lot of metaphors, such as "And no roads left to run".
Outerweb is an IRC (Internet Relay Chat) network.
Origins
The Outerweb IRC network started when an IRC channel for 's CAD Radio - an internet radio station - started up an IRC network called Xnet (now known as AfterX). This IRC network was chosen because within it was the official chat channel #ctrlaltdel.
Separation
After a short while of CAD Radio being on Xnet, it was abandoned due to network politics and stability. As it was an internet radio station, CAD Radio had servers for broadcasting the radio stream. Later on, these were set up as IRC servers running UnrealIRCd with ircservices. Soon after the creation the CAD Radio channel #cadradio soon thrived again and the CAD Radio network (irc.cadradio.net) was born.
Renaming
On the 14th of June 2004, proved successful enough at running an IRC network for a member of Xnet's staff "Xenon" moved to help out with irc.cadradio.net. The official chat channel soon followed and the network irc.cadradio.net was renamed to be the more generic CAD-Net.
CAD-Net became the official chat network for and many other CAD related channels were set up the network got a lot more notice which brought about fast expansion, including various other online comics and related IRC mergers including Sam and fuzzy, Questionable Content, Instant Classic, TalesMud, RoM, BSRF and various .box.sk channels.
Location
CAD-Net's headquarters from 2004-2006 resided in St. Catharines, Ontario (Network Services Records) with "FalconX", Syracuse, New York (Technical Record Filing and Programming) with "Em`Zee", and Cambridge, England (Network Support and Public Relations) with "Xenon". Two conventions were held in Syracuse, New York (aptly named CADcon).
OuterWeb
As of September 2005, has since dissolved their officiality due to conflicts of interest with the creator of the comic, Tim Buckley. Because the network was no longer officially supported by the creator of the comic, the network staff decided that it would be in the network's best interests to change the name of the network to "Outerweb". In April 2006, to secure OuterWeb's survival for the users still using the network, Xenon/X3N/Michael (now the only remaining staff member due to the original 2 founders having moved away) decided to merge with AthemeNet. Outerweb had since failed its trial period with AthemeNet, and only consisted of two servers run by Xenon and TIBS.
Current Status
As of early 2007, OuterWeb has shut down because of lack of user interest and support.
Links
(Currently not in service)
Origins
The Outerweb IRC network started when an IRC channel for 's CAD Radio - an internet radio station - started up an IRC network called Xnet (now known as AfterX). This IRC network was chosen because within it was the official chat channel #ctrlaltdel.
Separation
After a short while of CAD Radio being on Xnet, it was abandoned due to network politics and stability. As it was an internet radio station, CAD Radio had servers for broadcasting the radio stream. Later on, these were set up as IRC servers running UnrealIRCd with ircservices. Soon after the creation the CAD Radio channel #cadradio soon thrived again and the CAD Radio network (irc.cadradio.net) was born.
Renaming
On the 14th of June 2004, proved successful enough at running an IRC network for a member of Xnet's staff "Xenon" moved to help out with irc.cadradio.net. The official chat channel soon followed and the network irc.cadradio.net was renamed to be the more generic CAD-Net.
CAD-Net became the official chat network for and many other CAD related channels were set up the network got a lot more notice which brought about fast expansion, including various other online comics and related IRC mergers including Sam and fuzzy, Questionable Content, Instant Classic, TalesMud, RoM, BSRF and various .box.sk channels.
Location
CAD-Net's headquarters from 2004-2006 resided in St. Catharines, Ontario (Network Services Records) with "FalconX", Syracuse, New York (Technical Record Filing and Programming) with "Em`Zee", and Cambridge, England (Network Support and Public Relations) with "Xenon". Two conventions were held in Syracuse, New York (aptly named CADcon).
OuterWeb
As of September 2005, has since dissolved their officiality due to conflicts of interest with the creator of the comic, Tim Buckley. Because the network was no longer officially supported by the creator of the comic, the network staff decided that it would be in the network's best interests to change the name of the network to "Outerweb". In April 2006, to secure OuterWeb's survival for the users still using the network, Xenon/X3N/Michael (now the only remaining staff member due to the original 2 founders having moved away) decided to merge with AthemeNet. Outerweb had since failed its trial period with AthemeNet, and only consisted of two servers run by Xenon and TIBS.
Current Status
As of early 2007, OuterWeb has shut down because of lack of user interest and support.
Links
(Currently not in service)
Burt Reynolds started his professional acting career in television. Throughout his career he has returned to TV sometimes just for an appearance here and there. Other times it has been for a main character in a series. In 2007 he returned to TV on a show called Celebrity Rides: Burt Builds a Bandit, In which he helps redesign an old Bandit edition Trans-Am. With this show it marks 48 years in television for this historic actor.
TV work
#Riverboat (cast member from 1959-1960)
#Gunsmoke (cast member from 1962-1965)
#Branded (1966)
#Hawk (1966) (canceled after 17 episodes)
#Fade-In (1968)
#Double Jeopardy (1970) (pilot for Dan August)
#Hunters Are for Killing (1970)
#Run, Simon, Run (1970)
#The X-Files (2000)
#Dan August (1970-1971)
#Out of This World (1987-1991) (voice only)
#The Golden Girls-"Ladies of the Evening" (1986)
#B.L. Stryker: The Dancer's Touch (1989) (pilot for B.L. Stryker)
#B.L. Stryker (1989-1990)
#B.L. Stryker: King of Jazz (1990)
#B.L. Stryker: Die Laughing (1990) (also director)
#Evening Shade (1990-1994)
#The Man from Left Field (1993) (also director and producer)
#Raven (1997)
#Universal Soldier II: Brothers in Arms (1998)
#Universal Soldier III: Unfinished Business (1998)
#Hard Time (1998) (also director)
#Hard Time: The Premonition (1999)
#Hard Time: Hostage Hotel (1999)
#Johnson County War (2002) (miniseries)
#Miss Lettie and Me (2002)
#Hard Ground (2003)
#Robot Chicken (2005) (Guest voice)
#My Name Is Earl (2006)
#Celebrity Rides: Burt builds a Bandit (2007) (5 episodes)
*Reynolds also appeared on the World Wrestling Federation's WrestleMania X in 1994, appearing as guest ring announcer.
Talk / Variety show appearances
#Corazón de (2006)
#Sunday Morning Shootout (3 episodes, 2005-2006)
#The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (2 episodes, 2003,2005)
#Live with Regis and Kathie Lee (2 episodes, 2004,2005)
#Tavis Smiley (2005)
#The Maury Povich Show (2004)
#The Daily Show (2004)
#Dinner for Five (2 episodes, 2004)
#Ellen: The Ellen DeGeneres Show (2004)
#V Graham Norton (2003)
#Reel Classics with Burt Reynolds (2003)
#Hollywood Squares (6 episodes, 2002)
#Biography (2002)
#Emeril (2001)
#Inside the Actors Studio (2001)
#Larry King Live (2000)
#The Howard Stern Radio Show (1999)
#Celebrity Profile (1999)
#Dennis Miller Live (1998)
#Burt Reynolds' Conversations with (1997)
#The Rosie O'Donnell Show (1996)
#Howard Stern (1996)
#Ruby Wax Meets... (1996)
#Cybill (1995)
#Dame Edna's Hollywood (1993)
#Dinah Shore: A Special Conversation with Burt Reynolds(1991)
#Win, Lose or Draw (1989)
#Dolly (1987)
#Southern Voices, American Dreams (1985)
#Star Search (1984)
#Mike Douglas Presents (1984)
#This Is Your Life (1983)
#The 1/2 Hour Comedy Hour (1983)
#Entertainment Tonight (1981)
#The Barbara Walters Special (2 episodes, 1978,1980)
#Saturday Night Live (1980)
#Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 17th Anniversary Special (1979)
#The Orson Welles Show (1979)
#The Wonderful World of Disney"Mickey's 50" (1978)
#The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (11 episodes, 1971-1975,1978)
#The Jim Nabors Show (1978)
#The Mike Douglas Show (3 episodes, 1976-1977)
#Dinah (1975)
#Burt Reynolds Late Show (1974)
#Dinah Shore: In Search of the Ideal Man (1973)
#Dinah Shore: How to Handle a Woman (1972)
#The Flip Wilson Show (1972)
#The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour (2 episodes, 1972)
#The David Frost Show (1971)
#The Hollywood Squares (5 episodes, 1970)
#The Merv Griffin Show (1970)
#The Carol Burnett Show (1967)
TV work
#Riverboat (cast member from 1959-1960)
#Gunsmoke (cast member from 1962-1965)
#Branded (1966)
#Hawk (1966) (canceled after 17 episodes)
#Fade-In (1968)
#Double Jeopardy (1970) (pilot for Dan August)
#Hunters Are for Killing (1970)
#Run, Simon, Run (1970)
#The X-Files (2000)
#Dan August (1970-1971)
#Out of This World (1987-1991) (voice only)
#The Golden Girls-"Ladies of the Evening" (1986)
#B.L. Stryker: The Dancer's Touch (1989) (pilot for B.L. Stryker)
#B.L. Stryker (1989-1990)
#B.L. Stryker: King of Jazz (1990)
#B.L. Stryker: Die Laughing (1990) (also director)
#Evening Shade (1990-1994)
#The Man from Left Field (1993) (also director and producer)
#Raven (1997)
#Universal Soldier II: Brothers in Arms (1998)
#Universal Soldier III: Unfinished Business (1998)
#Hard Time (1998) (also director)
#Hard Time: The Premonition (1999)
#Hard Time: Hostage Hotel (1999)
#Johnson County War (2002) (miniseries)
#Miss Lettie and Me (2002)
#Hard Ground (2003)
#Robot Chicken (2005) (Guest voice)
#My Name Is Earl (2006)
#Celebrity Rides: Burt builds a Bandit (2007) (5 episodes)
*Reynolds also appeared on the World Wrestling Federation's WrestleMania X in 1994, appearing as guest ring announcer.
Talk / Variety show appearances
#Corazón de (2006)
#Sunday Morning Shootout (3 episodes, 2005-2006)
#The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (2 episodes, 2003,2005)
#Live with Regis and Kathie Lee (2 episodes, 2004,2005)
#Tavis Smiley (2005)
#The Maury Povich Show (2004)
#The Daily Show (2004)
#Dinner for Five (2 episodes, 2004)
#Ellen: The Ellen DeGeneres Show (2004)
#V Graham Norton (2003)
#Reel Classics with Burt Reynolds (2003)
#Hollywood Squares (6 episodes, 2002)
#Biography (2002)
#Emeril (2001)
#Inside the Actors Studio (2001)
#Larry King Live (2000)
#The Howard Stern Radio Show (1999)
#Celebrity Profile (1999)
#Dennis Miller Live (1998)
#Burt Reynolds' Conversations with (1997)
#The Rosie O'Donnell Show (1996)
#Howard Stern (1996)
#Ruby Wax Meets... (1996)
#Cybill (1995)
#Dame Edna's Hollywood (1993)
#Dinah Shore: A Special Conversation with Burt Reynolds(1991)
#Win, Lose or Draw (1989)
#Dolly (1987)
#Southern Voices, American Dreams (1985)
#Star Search (1984)
#Mike Douglas Presents (1984)
#This Is Your Life (1983)
#The 1/2 Hour Comedy Hour (1983)
#Entertainment Tonight (1981)
#The Barbara Walters Special (2 episodes, 1978,1980)
#Saturday Night Live (1980)
#Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson 17th Anniversary Special (1979)
#The Orson Welles Show (1979)
#The Wonderful World of Disney"Mickey's 50" (1978)
#The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (11 episodes, 1971-1975,1978)
#The Jim Nabors Show (1978)
#The Mike Douglas Show (3 episodes, 1976-1977)
#Dinah (1975)
#Burt Reynolds Late Show (1974)
#Dinah Shore: In Search of the Ideal Man (1973)
#Dinah Shore: How to Handle a Woman (1972)
#The Flip Wilson Show (1972)
#The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour (2 episodes, 1972)
#The David Frost Show (1971)
#The Hollywood Squares (5 episodes, 1970)
#The Merv Griffin Show (1970)
#The Carol Burnett Show (1967)