The UAB Internal Medicine Residency Program is a university training program of the University of Alabama at Birmingham located in the capital city of Montgomery, Alabama. It is the only internal medicine residency program in Central Alabama. Click the link to view the official website http://main.uab.edu/uasom/2/show.asp?durki=94296.
Vision of the Program
It is the Porgram's vision to become a recognized center of excellence in medical education, patient care, and community service.
Mission of the Program
The Mission of the Program is:
* To train men and women to be competent and compassionate physicians,
* To provide comprehensive and quality patient care, and
* To serve the extended medical community through educational programs, clinical research, and related activities.
History
Medical education had its origins in Montgomery in 1969 when a committee was appointed by the Montgomery County Medical Society and was charged with the mission of developing an undergraduate and graduate medical program. The committee, with the guidance of the late Dr. Tinsley Randolph Harrison, initially developed an elective in medicine for junior and senior medical students from the University of Alabama School of Medicine. The institution established was the Montgomery Regional Medical Foundation, representing the Montgomery hospitals, their medical staffs, and the Montgomery County Medical Society. The teaching faculty consisted of voluntary practicing community physicians and the participating teaching hospitals were St. Margaret Hospital, Baptist Medical Center, and the Montgomery Veteran's Administration Hospital. Clinical affiliation with UAB was established. Several junior and senior medical students were enrolled early in 1969. In July of that year, two graduate medical students arrived from UAB for a one-year rotating internship in medicine.
The program continued to train small numbers of junior and senior medical students on electives from the School of Medicine as well as interns until lare 1974, when a three-year residency in medicine was established and received its initial accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). In 1978 the program became part of the School of Medicine, with the Program Director answering to the Dean, all residents being governed by the policies and procedures of the Dean's Council for Medical Education, and all of the full time employees becoming employed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).
On May 1, 1995, Baptist Medical Center South became the primary teaching hospital. In 2005, Baprist Medical Center South and other facilities within the Baptist Health System became part of the UAB Health System. Baptist Medical Center East and Jackson Hospital also serve as participating educational sites.
From the above modest beginning, a comprehensive medical education program has evolved: a three year accredited residency program in medicine; clinical electives in medicine; and an extensive CME program for physicians and allied health personnel. Since its inception, over 290 physicians have received all or part of their medical education in Montgomery. Approximately one third of the program's graduates have remained in Alabama to practice. Currently, the program is the only Internal Medicine training program outside of Birmingham and Mobile.
Faculty
* W. J. Many, Jr., MD, Program Director
** Professor of Medicine (Infectious Disease)
** College: Louisiana State University
** Medical School: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Residency: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Fellowship: University of Texas Health Sciences Center & UAB
* Joel Bolen, MD
** Clinical Instructor of Medicine (Geriatrics)
** College: University of Texas at Austin
** Medical School: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
** Fellowship: Johns Hopkins University
* Jewell Halanych, MD
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Internal Medicine), Joint Appointment with UAB Division of Preventive Medicine
** College: University of Texas at Austin
** Medical School: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
** Residency: Brown University
** Fellowship: Boston University
* Leslie Harris, Jr., MD, Director - Ambulatory Clinic
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Internal Medicine)
** College: University of Alabama
** Medical School: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
* Karl Kirkland, PhD
** Associate Professor of Medicine (Clinical Psychology)
** College: Auburn University
** PhD: University of Southern Mississippi
** Internship: Clinical Psychology Charity Hospital and LSU Medical School
* Kenneth Patrick L. Ligaray, MD
** Instructor of Medicine (Endocrinology)
** Medical School: University of the Philippines
** Residency: University of Illinois at Chicago - ACMC
** Fellowship: Saint Louis University
* Randy Panther, MD, Director - Inpatient Services
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Hospital Medicine)
** College: University of North Carolina, Charlotte
** Medical School: Bowman Gray School of Medicine
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
** Fellowship: Cleveland Clinic
* Martin Rodriguez, MD
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Infectious Disease)
** Medical School: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima , Peru
** Residency: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Fellowship: Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital
* The program also has over 60 board certified voluntary faculty who participates in the training of the residents and in the delivery of patient care.
Curriculum
Being updated.
Patient Care
Being updated.
Application
Being updated.
Contact Information
* The academic offices and outpatient clinic (UAB Health Center Montgomery) are located at 4371 Narrow Lane Road, Suite 200, Montgomery, AL 36116
* Our telephone number is (334)284-5211
* Inquiries regarding our residency program may be directed to Ms. Joy Brown, Program Coordinator
Community Links
* http://www.montgomeryal.gov/
* http://www.visitingmontgomery.com/
* http://www.onlinemontgomery.com/
* http://www.asf.net/index.aspx
* http://www.montgomeryairport.org/
* http://www.montgomerychamber.com/
Vision of the Program
It is the Porgram's vision to become a recognized center of excellence in medical education, patient care, and community service.
Mission of the Program
The Mission of the Program is:
* To train men and women to be competent and compassionate physicians,
* To provide comprehensive and quality patient care, and
* To serve the extended medical community through educational programs, clinical research, and related activities.
History
Medical education had its origins in Montgomery in 1969 when a committee was appointed by the Montgomery County Medical Society and was charged with the mission of developing an undergraduate and graduate medical program. The committee, with the guidance of the late Dr. Tinsley Randolph Harrison, initially developed an elective in medicine for junior and senior medical students from the University of Alabama School of Medicine. The institution established was the Montgomery Regional Medical Foundation, representing the Montgomery hospitals, their medical staffs, and the Montgomery County Medical Society. The teaching faculty consisted of voluntary practicing community physicians and the participating teaching hospitals were St. Margaret Hospital, Baptist Medical Center, and the Montgomery Veteran's Administration Hospital. Clinical affiliation with UAB was established. Several junior and senior medical students were enrolled early in 1969. In July of that year, two graduate medical students arrived from UAB for a one-year rotating internship in medicine.
The program continued to train small numbers of junior and senior medical students on electives from the School of Medicine as well as interns until lare 1974, when a three-year residency in medicine was established and received its initial accreditation by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). In 1978 the program became part of the School of Medicine, with the Program Director answering to the Dean, all residents being governed by the policies and procedures of the Dean's Council for Medical Education, and all of the full time employees becoming employed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).
On May 1, 1995, Baptist Medical Center South became the primary teaching hospital. In 2005, Baprist Medical Center South and other facilities within the Baptist Health System became part of the UAB Health System. Baptist Medical Center East and Jackson Hospital also serve as participating educational sites.
From the above modest beginning, a comprehensive medical education program has evolved: a three year accredited residency program in medicine; clinical electives in medicine; and an extensive CME program for physicians and allied health personnel. Since its inception, over 290 physicians have received all or part of their medical education in Montgomery. Approximately one third of the program's graduates have remained in Alabama to practice. Currently, the program is the only Internal Medicine training program outside of Birmingham and Mobile.
Faculty
* W. J. Many, Jr., MD, Program Director
** Professor of Medicine (Infectious Disease)
** College: Louisiana State University
** Medical School: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Residency: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Fellowship: University of Texas Health Sciences Center & UAB
* Joel Bolen, MD
** Clinical Instructor of Medicine (Geriatrics)
** College: University of Texas at Austin
** Medical School: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
** Fellowship: Johns Hopkins University
* Jewell Halanych, MD
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Internal Medicine), Joint Appointment with UAB Division of Preventive Medicine
** College: University of Texas at Austin
** Medical School: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
** Residency: Brown University
** Fellowship: Boston University
* Leslie Harris, Jr., MD, Director - Ambulatory Clinic
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Internal Medicine)
** College: University of Alabama
** Medical School: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
* Karl Kirkland, PhD
** Associate Professor of Medicine (Clinical Psychology)
** College: Auburn University
** PhD: University of Southern Mississippi
** Internship: Clinical Psychology Charity Hospital and LSU Medical School
* Kenneth Patrick L. Ligaray, MD
** Instructor of Medicine (Endocrinology)
** Medical School: University of the Philippines
** Residency: University of Illinois at Chicago - ACMC
** Fellowship: Saint Louis University
* Randy Panther, MD, Director - Inpatient Services
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Hospital Medicine)
** College: University of North Carolina, Charlotte
** Medical School: Bowman Gray School of Medicine
** Residency: UAB Montgomery Internal Medicine Residency Program
** Fellowship: Cleveland Clinic
* Martin Rodriguez, MD
** Assistant Professor of Medicine (Infectious Disease)
** Medical School: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima , Peru
** Residency: University of Alabama School of Medicine
** Fellowship: Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital
* The program also has over 60 board certified voluntary faculty who participates in the training of the residents and in the delivery of patient care.
Curriculum
Being updated.
Patient Care
Being updated.
Application
Being updated.
Contact Information
* The academic offices and outpatient clinic (UAB Health Center Montgomery) are located at 4371 Narrow Lane Road, Suite 200, Montgomery, AL 36116
* Our telephone number is (334)284-5211
* Inquiries regarding our residency program may be directed to Ms. Joy Brown, Program Coordinator
Community Links
* http://www.montgomeryal.gov/
* http://www.visitingmontgomery.com/
* http://www.onlinemontgomery.com/
* http://www.asf.net/index.aspx
* http://www.montgomeryairport.org/
* http://www.montgomerychamber.com/
Animal Egalitarianism, or non-speciesist egalitarianism, advocates the rights of all sentient beings, humans and non-humans alike.
History
The concept of merging human rights and animal rights has been promoted by a vast number of writers throughout history. The following quote, pulled from a book written by Jeremy Bentham in 1780, was included by Henry Stephens Salt in his ' (Henry Salt came to have a very important influence on Mahatma Gandhi's life after he picked up Salt's ' in a vegetarian restaurant in Farringdon Street, London, in 1887):
"The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the hands of tyranny. The French have already discovered that the blackness of the skin is no reason why a human being should be abandoned, without redress, to the caprice of a tormentor. It may come one day to be recognized that the number of the legs, the villocity of the skin, or the termination of the os sacrum, are reasons equally insufficient for abandoning a sensitive being to the same fate. What else is it should trace the insuperable line? Is it the faculty of reason, or, perhaps, the faculty of discourse? But a full-grown horse or dog is, beyond comparison, a more rational, as well as more conversable animal than an infant of a day, a week, or even a month old. But suppose the case were otherwise, what would it avail? The question is not Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"
Books
*The Animal Question: Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights By Paola Cavalieri, 2001
*Animal Rights, Human Rights: Entanglements of Oppression and Liberation By David Alan Nibert, 2002
Quotations
"How much do animals matter--morally? Can we keep considering them as second class beings, to be used merely for our benefit? Or, should we offer them some form of moral egalitarianism?" - Paola Cavalieri [http://books.google.com/books?idg5U3tJXpeewC&dqhuman+rights+and+animal+rights&otsXEkTP4ORbA&sig8kHi3w9IvexaRh8-IxdUyBoK5Go&prev=http://www.google.com/search%3Fhl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us%26q%3Dhuman%2Brights%2Band%2Banimal%2Brights%26btnG%3DSearch&saX&oiprint&ctresult&cd1&cad=legacy]
History
The concept of merging human rights and animal rights has been promoted by a vast number of writers throughout history. The following quote, pulled from a book written by Jeremy Bentham in 1780, was included by Henry Stephens Salt in his ' (Henry Salt came to have a very important influence on Mahatma Gandhi's life after he picked up Salt's ' in a vegetarian restaurant in Farringdon Street, London, in 1887):
"The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the hands of tyranny. The French have already discovered that the blackness of the skin is no reason why a human being should be abandoned, without redress, to the caprice of a tormentor. It may come one day to be recognized that the number of the legs, the villocity of the skin, or the termination of the os sacrum, are reasons equally insufficient for abandoning a sensitive being to the same fate. What else is it should trace the insuperable line? Is it the faculty of reason, or, perhaps, the faculty of discourse? But a full-grown horse or dog is, beyond comparison, a more rational, as well as more conversable animal than an infant of a day, a week, or even a month old. But suppose the case were otherwise, what would it avail? The question is not Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"
Books
*The Animal Question: Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights By Paola Cavalieri, 2001
*Animal Rights, Human Rights: Entanglements of Oppression and Liberation By David Alan Nibert, 2002
Quotations
"How much do animals matter--morally? Can we keep considering them as second class beings, to be used merely for our benefit? Or, should we offer them some form of moral egalitarianism?" - Paola Cavalieri [http://books.google.com/books?idg5U3tJXpeewC&dqhuman+rights+and+animal+rights&otsXEkTP4ORbA&sig8kHi3w9IvexaRh8-IxdUyBoK5Go&prev=http://www.google.com/search%3Fhl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den-us%26q%3Dhuman%2Brights%2Band%2Banimal%2Brights%26btnG%3DSearch&saX&oiprint&ctresult&cd1&cad=legacy]
Wizzrobes are fictional magic-using enemies from series of video games. They attack Link, the protagonist and player character, with different magic attacks. Wizzrobe's name is assumed to be a portmanteau of the words "wizard" and "robe".
Characteristics
Wizzrobes often wear long robes that covers their body along with a pointy hat, similar to wizards in popular culture. Their faces usually cannot be seen, except for a pair of glowing eyes. Wizzrobes appearing throughout the Zelda series show up only in dungeons, except for in The Wind Waker, where they sometimes appear on sea platforms.
Appearances
The Legend of Zelda
Wizzrobes first appeared in the first game of the series, The Legend of Zelda. They come in orange and blue variations. The orange Wizzrobes disappear and reappear around the room and shoot magic at Link, but only in a straight line, while the blue Wizzrobes move freely around the room and attack whenever Link is in their line of fire. The blue ones also have the ability to enter into the doorways of the rooms and to phase across barriers. In this game, Wizzrobes wear hooded robes and cast their magic with the aid of a magical wand.
The Adventure of Link
In The Adventure of Link, Wizzrobes appear like figures with white robes and pointed white hoods that cover their faces completely, having a red cross where their faces should be. They appear, throw a spell at Link, and vanish again. Wizzrobes are invulnerable to sword attacks, and can only be defeated with the Reflect spell. When Link casts Reflect, a Wizzrobe's magic is reflected back at it, killing it. Carock, a larger and stronger form of a Wizzrobe, also serves as a boss later in the game.
A Link to the Past
In A Link to the Past, Wizzrobes are essentially the same as The Legend of Zelda, but with updated graphics. They gain the pointed, wide-brimmed hats they wear almost consistently later on, and begin resembling black mages at this point.
Link's Awakening
In ', they are again the same as in The Legend of Zelda, but with no tougher form. They are however not affected by the sword and require 4 arrows or a bomb to finish off. They can be stunned with a boomerang to give the player a better chance to vanquish them. They are also instantly destroyed by hitting them with a thrown item such as a pot, or a stunned Wizzrobe (they usually appear in groups).
Majora's Mask
In ' Wizzrobes are very different in appearance from their earlier appearances. They have blue skin, zombie-like faces, and wear short robes. Wizzrobe is a miniboss in four areas in the game, including Snowhead Temple and Ikana. They have two attack methods; first they move between warp tiles and shoot blasts of ice or fire then warp to another tile. Second, they have decoys to confuse Link; the real one spins around on one of the warp tiles (his location is the red dot on the map). In this game, Wizzrobe was accidentally spelled with one Z.
Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons
In ', they are again similar to their appearance in The Legend of Zelda. Green Wizzrobes merely sink into the ground leaving only their hat exposed. Red Wizzrobes are stronger and teleport randomly around the room after firing. Blue Wizzrobes are stronger still and act like the blue Wizzrobes of The Legend of Zelda.
The Wind Waker
In The Wind Waker, Wizzrobes wear robes and bird-like masks resembling the beak of a toucan, and teleport around the room and shoot magic at Link from afar, usually in mid-air and out of reach of Link's sword. Red ones shoot three fireballs at a time at Link while the yellow version can shoot fireballs and summon other enemies. Blue ones are similar to the red ones, but more powerful. The miniboss Wizzrobes are like the yellow hooded ones, but more powerful and can summon bigger enemies such as Darknuts, Moblins, and even other Wizzrobes. They also produce a distinctive chime so that the player would notice when one pops up, and they howl when defeated.
Four Swords Adventures
In Four Swords Adventures, Wizzrobes appear the same as in The Legend of Zelda, but some have the ability to shoot fire and ice, and sometimes suck out a player's Force Gems. They also have sound clips from The Wind Waker.
The Minish Cap
In The Minish Cap they are the same as in Four Swords Adventures. They appear taller and more slender than their previous appearances and seem to have long, white beards. Fire Wizzrobes would shoot fire, while Ice Wizzrobes would shoot ice, burning or freezing Link, respectively. The Ice Wizzrobe is easily killed with the Flame Lantern item. The Flame Lantern also works on the Fire and normal Wizzrobe.
Characteristics
Wizzrobes often wear long robes that covers their body along with a pointy hat, similar to wizards in popular culture. Their faces usually cannot be seen, except for a pair of glowing eyes. Wizzrobes appearing throughout the Zelda series show up only in dungeons, except for in The Wind Waker, where they sometimes appear on sea platforms.
Appearances
The Legend of Zelda
Wizzrobes first appeared in the first game of the series, The Legend of Zelda. They come in orange and blue variations. The orange Wizzrobes disappear and reappear around the room and shoot magic at Link, but only in a straight line, while the blue Wizzrobes move freely around the room and attack whenever Link is in their line of fire. The blue ones also have the ability to enter into the doorways of the rooms and to phase across barriers. In this game, Wizzrobes wear hooded robes and cast their magic with the aid of a magical wand.
The Adventure of Link
In The Adventure of Link, Wizzrobes appear like figures with white robes and pointed white hoods that cover their faces completely, having a red cross where their faces should be. They appear, throw a spell at Link, and vanish again. Wizzrobes are invulnerable to sword attacks, and can only be defeated with the Reflect spell. When Link casts Reflect, a Wizzrobe's magic is reflected back at it, killing it. Carock, a larger and stronger form of a Wizzrobe, also serves as a boss later in the game.
A Link to the Past
In A Link to the Past, Wizzrobes are essentially the same as The Legend of Zelda, but with updated graphics. They gain the pointed, wide-brimmed hats they wear almost consistently later on, and begin resembling black mages at this point.
Link's Awakening
In ', they are again the same as in The Legend of Zelda, but with no tougher form. They are however not affected by the sword and require 4 arrows or a bomb to finish off. They can be stunned with a boomerang to give the player a better chance to vanquish them. They are also instantly destroyed by hitting them with a thrown item such as a pot, or a stunned Wizzrobe (they usually appear in groups).
Majora's Mask
In ' Wizzrobes are very different in appearance from their earlier appearances. They have blue skin, zombie-like faces, and wear short robes. Wizzrobe is a miniboss in four areas in the game, including Snowhead Temple and Ikana. They have two attack methods; first they move between warp tiles and shoot blasts of ice or fire then warp to another tile. Second, they have decoys to confuse Link; the real one spins around on one of the warp tiles (his location is the red dot on the map). In this game, Wizzrobe was accidentally spelled with one Z.
Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons
In ', they are again similar to their appearance in The Legend of Zelda. Green Wizzrobes merely sink into the ground leaving only their hat exposed. Red Wizzrobes are stronger and teleport randomly around the room after firing. Blue Wizzrobes are stronger still and act like the blue Wizzrobes of The Legend of Zelda.
The Wind Waker
In The Wind Waker, Wizzrobes wear robes and bird-like masks resembling the beak of a toucan, and teleport around the room and shoot magic at Link from afar, usually in mid-air and out of reach of Link's sword. Red ones shoot three fireballs at a time at Link while the yellow version can shoot fireballs and summon other enemies. Blue ones are similar to the red ones, but more powerful. The miniboss Wizzrobes are like the yellow hooded ones, but more powerful and can summon bigger enemies such as Darknuts, Moblins, and even other Wizzrobes. They also produce a distinctive chime so that the player would notice when one pops up, and they howl when defeated.
Four Swords Adventures
In Four Swords Adventures, Wizzrobes appear the same as in The Legend of Zelda, but some have the ability to shoot fire and ice, and sometimes suck out a player's Force Gems. They also have sound clips from The Wind Waker.
The Minish Cap
In The Minish Cap they are the same as in Four Swords Adventures. They appear taller and more slender than their previous appearances and seem to have long, white beards. Fire Wizzrobes would shoot fire, while Ice Wizzrobes would shoot ice, burning or freezing Link, respectively. The Ice Wizzrobe is easily killed with the Flame Lantern item. The Flame Lantern also works on the Fire and normal Wizzrobe.
Stalfos are classic fictional enemies from series of video games. They have appeared in every The Legend of Zelda game to date, and always take the form of undead skeletons. Depending on the game, they are sometimes referred to as "Stalfos Knights". Stalfos are dead warriors who still have a strong will to fight, and serve evil powers such as Ganon or Vaati.
Appearances
The Legend of Zelda
Stalfos first appear in The Legend of Zelda as dungeon-dwelling enemies. They usually attack Link by trying to touch him. They were depicted as holding a pair of swords, but they did not seem to have any use. However in the Second Quest, they can shoot sword beams.
The Adventure of Link
Stalfos are found in the various palaces of the side-scrolling The Adventure of Link. Still a skeleton carrying a sword and shield, Stalfos gained a more proportionate appearance that fit the game's new perspective. There are four variations of Stalfos in this game. The first is red and carries a sword and shield. It swings its sword at the top level, but never defends its legs. Blue Stalfos uses the downward sword slice, but is otherwise exactly the same as the red ones. Both Stalfos variants may wear helmets once in a while, which protects them from Link's downward sword slices.
A Link to the Past
Stalfos return in A Link to the Past, again in red and blue colors. Blue Stalfos jump around to avoid Link whenever he swings his sword towards one, while the red ones throw bones at him from afar. Special yellow Stalfos also appear at times; these ones can detach their skulls from their bodies. Once detached, the floating skulls spin around and rush at Link.
Stalfos Warrior
A larger form of Stalfos known as the Stalfos Warrior appear in the Ice Palace dungeon. These skeletons are much larger and tougher than Stalfos, and carried large swords. Link had to attack them repeatedly, and then, when they had crumbled to bones, destroy their skull with a bomb before the warrior could regenerate.
Link's Awakening
In ' Stalfos are practically unchanged from their A Link to the Past counterparts, with the exception of a hooded Stalfos that wields a sword. This Stalfos appear in certain locations, and attacks Link in a manner similar to a Moblin.
Master Stalfos
The Master Stalfos is a large Stalfos that appeared as a mini-boss in the "Catfish's Maw" dungeon that must be defeated to get the hookshot. It is reminiscent of the Stalfos Warrior of A Link to the Past, but also carries a shield.
Ocarina of Time
In Ocarina of Time, the Stalfos are said to be people who have gotten lost in the maze-like Lost Woods. They mainly appear in mini-boss form. These Stalfos carry swords and shields and can parry many of Link's attacks. They often fight in pairs, and occasionally, Link has to kill the other Stalfos quickly before the first one regenerates. A total of 16 Stalfos appear in the game: five in the Forest Temple, four in the Shadow Temple, two in the Gerudo Training Ground, one in the Spirit Temple, and four in .
Stalchild
There is also a smaller form of Stalfos called Stalchildren that appear in large groups at night in Hyrule Field. These Stalchildren were unarmed and attacked only with their claws. If decapitated they would continue to fight without trouble. They would harass Link until the sun rose, then they would disappear. If Link keeps killing Stalchildren, after a while even bigger versions will attack, and will leave behind bigger Rupee rewards when defeated, up to 50 if one is fast enough. Using a cheating device to extend the night, eventually the Stalchildren can grow to sizes rivaling Hyrule Castle. Unlike Stalfos, Stalchildren were never flesh and bone.
In the original Japanese, these smaller Stalfos are called "Stalbabies", while the seemingly unrelated Skull Kid is called the Stalchild.
Majora's Mask
Stalfos are rare in ', and the ones that fight like the ones in Ocarina of Time are the King of Ikana (called Igos du Ikana) and his guards.
Igos du Ikana
When Link travels to Ikana, he eventually travels into the depths of Ikana Castle, where the skeletal ghost of the Ikana's king, Igos du Ikana, sits. He first sends his two guards after Link, who fight like normal Stalfos except that they will continually regenerate after being struck to the ground. To truly vanquish them, Link must burn away the curtains with Fire Arrows to allow light to enter the room again and reflect it on to the fallen corpses with the Mirror Shield. An interesting feature of the guards is that they will dance after Link when he plays the ocarina through the "Bremen Mask". After the two guards are defeated, the king himself attacks. The king is larger and more powerful than the other Stalfos, and he can breathe poison breath onto Link and even detach his head (in which case it will fly around the room and try to bite Link) and make his body invulnerable to attack. Defeating him will free his soul and he teaches Link the Elegy of Emptiness.
Skull Keeta
Skull Keeta was the captain of the Ikana army. He lays asleep in the Ikana Graveyard until Link plays the Sonata of Awakening. After awakening, Skull Keeta walks away from Link who must catch up to him and engage in a battle. After being defeated, Skull Keeta reveals some of his past, and gives Link the Captain's Hat which allows him to talk with Stalchildren. He wished for Link to use it to tell his soldiers that the war ended before falling to pieces.
Stalchild
Stalchildren appear in the Ikana Graveyard at night. In this incarnation, they are the fallen soldiers of the kingdom of Ikana, who still guard their gravestones. Their captain, Skull Keeta, can be awakened, in which case he will run up the trail of the graveyard to test Link. When Link attacks him, he starts to attack Link himself with either his claws or by jumping high in the air and attempting to land on Link. When Link defeats him, Skull Keeta asks him to bring peaceful rest to his undead soldiers, and Link obtains the Captain's Hat, which make the Stalchildren harmless and will speak to Link when prompted to.
Stalchildren also appear in the second Golden Skulltula house, in the Great Bay. They are harmless here, do not attack Link, and give useful information on puzzles if spoken to with the Captain's Hat.
Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages
In both , Stalfos come in two variants: cloaked Stalfos that shoot arrows or wield swords, and more regular Stalfos, some of which jump and throw bones. In Oracle of Seasons, Link meets a pirate captain who is a friendly Stalfos. It is later revealed in the linked game that the he was once the King of Labrynna, the husband to Queen Ambi, and was somehow transformed into a Stalfos while lost at sea.
Blue Stalfos
Blue Stalfos is the sub-boss of the Ancient Tomb in Oracle of Ages. He closely resembles the Grim Reaper, in that he wears a cloak and wields a scythe. He will shoot project tiles at Link, which if come in contact, will turn Link into a baby, making him vulnerable.
The Wind Waker
Stalfos are rare in The Wind Waker, and their attacks are much different from previous forms. These Stalfos are much larger than previous incarnations, and they hobble around on short stubby legs while swinging around spiked maces. They wield the maces inexpertly and will spin across the room while using them. When Link slashes them or uses bombs, their bodies will shatter and their heads will bounce away from him. Link must destroy the heads or else they will reassemble. Link can also cut them in half in which case their torso and legs will separate and walk around. Taking the Stalfos' mace when it's shattered and waiting until they reassemble will cause the Stalfos to pull off its arm and use it as a weapon. Dropping the mace, however, cancels this.
Four Swords Adventures
In Four Swords Adventures, Stalfos appear as minions of the four Big Dark Stalfos. Their appearance is the same as in The Wind Waker minus the clubs. Gibdos in this game are revealed to be Stalfos wrapped in mummy-like bandaging and once a Gibdo is defeated, it's inner self, the Stalfos appears in the Dark World where the player must journey into the Dark World in order to finish the job.
Big Dark Stalfos
The Big Dark Stalfos are four large powerful Stalfos that guard the green, red, blue, and purple Royal Jewels as bosses. They are in fact the cursed and corrupted forms of the Knights of the Royal Jewels and must be defeated in order for the curse to be lifted.
The Minish Cap
There are two types of Stalfos in The Minish Cap, blue Stalfos and red Stalfos. The blue ones will dash towards Link and try to jump on him. The red ones however, can throw bones. Sometimes a Stalfos may disguise itself as one of the breakable skulls, during which Link can actually suck in the Stalfos in skull form with the "Gust Jar" item and destroy it. When using the Gust Jar on Stalfos that are walking around in full body, it removes the head, and the body will wander around slowly. A decapitated Stalfos can not notice Link or attack, but hurts him if touched.
Freshly-Picked Tingle's Rosy Rupeeland
In Freshly-Picked Tingle's Rosy Rupeeland, the Stalfos pirate captain from Oracle of Seasons returns.
Twilight Princess
In Twilight Princess there are several different types of Stalfos. Stalfos like those in Ocarina of Time have returned, but with the characteristics of Skeleton Warriors from Link to the Past, as Link must drop a bomb (or use a bomb arrow or the Ball and Chain item) to totally crush their bones and defeat them. If any other weapon is used against then the Stalfos will break into pieces, but the bones will then soon pull themselves together and recreate the Stalfos. The Stalfos in this game carry swords and have glowing green "eyes" similar to those of Igos du Ikana's henchmen. Stalfos first appear in the Arbiter's Grounds, and make a few appearances afterwards.
Stalkin
Stalkin are miniature skeletons armed with equally small tridents. They are extremely weak, but emerge from underground in large swarms.
Stallord
Staltroops
Staltroops are armored undead summoned by Stallord, during the first phase of the boss battle with it. They are used by Stallord to block Link's "Spinner" item, and do not attack him directly, despite being armed with swords and shields.
Stalhounds
Skeletal dogs, called Stalhounds, also appear in Hyrule Field at night, similar to the Stalchildren of Ocarina of Time. They circle Link and jump at him to attack. The player is eventually forced to fight a whole pack of Stalhounds located near the South Gate of Hyrule Castle Town in order to recover an item stolen from Link's friend Ilia.
Phantom Hourglass
Stalfos frequently appear in the Northeastern quadrant, which is reached late in the game. They are quite common on the Isle of the Dead and the Isle of Ruins, as well as in the 7th dungeon, Mutoh's Temple. Two different varieties appear; the more common ones are found in the overworld, and almost identical to The Minish Caps Stalfos. Their main means of attack is to jump away from Link's sword while throwing bones at him. The second type, which only appear in Mutoh's Temple, wield swords (in a rather clumsy and awkward fashion), and wear helmets similar to those of the Stalfos from The Wind Waker. Both can be defeated by removing their skulls (with either the sword or the Grappling Hook) and destroying them, or by smashing them to bits with the Hammer. They frequently disguise themselves as ordinary skeletons, rising up to attack only when Link comes too close.
Appearances
The Legend of Zelda
Stalfos first appear in The Legend of Zelda as dungeon-dwelling enemies. They usually attack Link by trying to touch him. They were depicted as holding a pair of swords, but they did not seem to have any use. However in the Second Quest, they can shoot sword beams.
The Adventure of Link
Stalfos are found in the various palaces of the side-scrolling The Adventure of Link. Still a skeleton carrying a sword and shield, Stalfos gained a more proportionate appearance that fit the game's new perspective. There are four variations of Stalfos in this game. The first is red and carries a sword and shield. It swings its sword at the top level, but never defends its legs. Blue Stalfos uses the downward sword slice, but is otherwise exactly the same as the red ones. Both Stalfos variants may wear helmets once in a while, which protects them from Link's downward sword slices.
A Link to the Past
Stalfos return in A Link to the Past, again in red and blue colors. Blue Stalfos jump around to avoid Link whenever he swings his sword towards one, while the red ones throw bones at him from afar. Special yellow Stalfos also appear at times; these ones can detach their skulls from their bodies. Once detached, the floating skulls spin around and rush at Link.
Stalfos Warrior
A larger form of Stalfos known as the Stalfos Warrior appear in the Ice Palace dungeon. These skeletons are much larger and tougher than Stalfos, and carried large swords. Link had to attack them repeatedly, and then, when they had crumbled to bones, destroy their skull with a bomb before the warrior could regenerate.
Link's Awakening
In ' Stalfos are practically unchanged from their A Link to the Past counterparts, with the exception of a hooded Stalfos that wields a sword. This Stalfos appear in certain locations, and attacks Link in a manner similar to a Moblin.
Master Stalfos
The Master Stalfos is a large Stalfos that appeared as a mini-boss in the "Catfish's Maw" dungeon that must be defeated to get the hookshot. It is reminiscent of the Stalfos Warrior of A Link to the Past, but also carries a shield.
Ocarina of Time
In Ocarina of Time, the Stalfos are said to be people who have gotten lost in the maze-like Lost Woods. They mainly appear in mini-boss form. These Stalfos carry swords and shields and can parry many of Link's attacks. They often fight in pairs, and occasionally, Link has to kill the other Stalfos quickly before the first one regenerates. A total of 16 Stalfos appear in the game: five in the Forest Temple, four in the Shadow Temple, two in the Gerudo Training Ground, one in the Spirit Temple, and four in .
Stalchild
There is also a smaller form of Stalfos called Stalchildren that appear in large groups at night in Hyrule Field. These Stalchildren were unarmed and attacked only with their claws. If decapitated they would continue to fight without trouble. They would harass Link until the sun rose, then they would disappear. If Link keeps killing Stalchildren, after a while even bigger versions will attack, and will leave behind bigger Rupee rewards when defeated, up to 50 if one is fast enough. Using a cheating device to extend the night, eventually the Stalchildren can grow to sizes rivaling Hyrule Castle. Unlike Stalfos, Stalchildren were never flesh and bone.
In the original Japanese, these smaller Stalfos are called "Stalbabies", while the seemingly unrelated Skull Kid is called the Stalchild.
Majora's Mask
Stalfos are rare in ', and the ones that fight like the ones in Ocarina of Time are the King of Ikana (called Igos du Ikana) and his guards.
Igos du Ikana
When Link travels to Ikana, he eventually travels into the depths of Ikana Castle, where the skeletal ghost of the Ikana's king, Igos du Ikana, sits. He first sends his two guards after Link, who fight like normal Stalfos except that they will continually regenerate after being struck to the ground. To truly vanquish them, Link must burn away the curtains with Fire Arrows to allow light to enter the room again and reflect it on to the fallen corpses with the Mirror Shield. An interesting feature of the guards is that they will dance after Link when he plays the ocarina through the "Bremen Mask". After the two guards are defeated, the king himself attacks. The king is larger and more powerful than the other Stalfos, and he can breathe poison breath onto Link and even detach his head (in which case it will fly around the room and try to bite Link) and make his body invulnerable to attack. Defeating him will free his soul and he teaches Link the Elegy of Emptiness.
Skull Keeta
Skull Keeta was the captain of the Ikana army. He lays asleep in the Ikana Graveyard until Link plays the Sonata of Awakening. After awakening, Skull Keeta walks away from Link who must catch up to him and engage in a battle. After being defeated, Skull Keeta reveals some of his past, and gives Link the Captain's Hat which allows him to talk with Stalchildren. He wished for Link to use it to tell his soldiers that the war ended before falling to pieces.
Stalchild
Stalchildren appear in the Ikana Graveyard at night. In this incarnation, they are the fallen soldiers of the kingdom of Ikana, who still guard their gravestones. Their captain, Skull Keeta, can be awakened, in which case he will run up the trail of the graveyard to test Link. When Link attacks him, he starts to attack Link himself with either his claws or by jumping high in the air and attempting to land on Link. When Link defeats him, Skull Keeta asks him to bring peaceful rest to his undead soldiers, and Link obtains the Captain's Hat, which make the Stalchildren harmless and will speak to Link when prompted to.
Stalchildren also appear in the second Golden Skulltula house, in the Great Bay. They are harmless here, do not attack Link, and give useful information on puzzles if spoken to with the Captain's Hat.
Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages
In both , Stalfos come in two variants: cloaked Stalfos that shoot arrows or wield swords, and more regular Stalfos, some of which jump and throw bones. In Oracle of Seasons, Link meets a pirate captain who is a friendly Stalfos. It is later revealed in the linked game that the he was once the King of Labrynna, the husband to Queen Ambi, and was somehow transformed into a Stalfos while lost at sea.
Blue Stalfos
Blue Stalfos is the sub-boss of the Ancient Tomb in Oracle of Ages. He closely resembles the Grim Reaper, in that he wears a cloak and wields a scythe. He will shoot project tiles at Link, which if come in contact, will turn Link into a baby, making him vulnerable.
The Wind Waker
Stalfos are rare in The Wind Waker, and their attacks are much different from previous forms. These Stalfos are much larger than previous incarnations, and they hobble around on short stubby legs while swinging around spiked maces. They wield the maces inexpertly and will spin across the room while using them. When Link slashes them or uses bombs, their bodies will shatter and their heads will bounce away from him. Link must destroy the heads or else they will reassemble. Link can also cut them in half in which case their torso and legs will separate and walk around. Taking the Stalfos' mace when it's shattered and waiting until they reassemble will cause the Stalfos to pull off its arm and use it as a weapon. Dropping the mace, however, cancels this.
Four Swords Adventures
In Four Swords Adventures, Stalfos appear as minions of the four Big Dark Stalfos. Their appearance is the same as in The Wind Waker minus the clubs. Gibdos in this game are revealed to be Stalfos wrapped in mummy-like bandaging and once a Gibdo is defeated, it's inner self, the Stalfos appears in the Dark World where the player must journey into the Dark World in order to finish the job.
Big Dark Stalfos
The Big Dark Stalfos are four large powerful Stalfos that guard the green, red, blue, and purple Royal Jewels as bosses. They are in fact the cursed and corrupted forms of the Knights of the Royal Jewels and must be defeated in order for the curse to be lifted.
The Minish Cap
There are two types of Stalfos in The Minish Cap, blue Stalfos and red Stalfos. The blue ones will dash towards Link and try to jump on him. The red ones however, can throw bones. Sometimes a Stalfos may disguise itself as one of the breakable skulls, during which Link can actually suck in the Stalfos in skull form with the "Gust Jar" item and destroy it. When using the Gust Jar on Stalfos that are walking around in full body, it removes the head, and the body will wander around slowly. A decapitated Stalfos can not notice Link or attack, but hurts him if touched.
Freshly-Picked Tingle's Rosy Rupeeland
In Freshly-Picked Tingle's Rosy Rupeeland, the Stalfos pirate captain from Oracle of Seasons returns.
Twilight Princess
In Twilight Princess there are several different types of Stalfos. Stalfos like those in Ocarina of Time have returned, but with the characteristics of Skeleton Warriors from Link to the Past, as Link must drop a bomb (or use a bomb arrow or the Ball and Chain item) to totally crush their bones and defeat them. If any other weapon is used against then the Stalfos will break into pieces, but the bones will then soon pull themselves together and recreate the Stalfos. The Stalfos in this game carry swords and have glowing green "eyes" similar to those of Igos du Ikana's henchmen. Stalfos first appear in the Arbiter's Grounds, and make a few appearances afterwards.
Stalkin
Stalkin are miniature skeletons armed with equally small tridents. They are extremely weak, but emerge from underground in large swarms.
Stallord
Staltroops
Staltroops are armored undead summoned by Stallord, during the first phase of the boss battle with it. They are used by Stallord to block Link's "Spinner" item, and do not attack him directly, despite being armed with swords and shields.
Stalhounds
Skeletal dogs, called Stalhounds, also appear in Hyrule Field at night, similar to the Stalchildren of Ocarina of Time. They circle Link and jump at him to attack. The player is eventually forced to fight a whole pack of Stalhounds located near the South Gate of Hyrule Castle Town in order to recover an item stolen from Link's friend Ilia.
Phantom Hourglass
Stalfos frequently appear in the Northeastern quadrant, which is reached late in the game. They are quite common on the Isle of the Dead and the Isle of Ruins, as well as in the 7th dungeon, Mutoh's Temple. Two different varieties appear; the more common ones are found in the overworld, and almost identical to The Minish Caps Stalfos. Their main means of attack is to jump away from Link's sword while throwing bones at him. The second type, which only appear in Mutoh's Temple, wield swords (in a rather clumsy and awkward fashion), and wear helmets similar to those of the Stalfos from The Wind Waker. Both can be defeated by removing their skulls (with either the sword or the Grappling Hook) and destroying them, or by smashing them to bits with the Hammer. They frequently disguise themselves as ordinary skeletons, rising up to attack only when Link comes too close.