Lakshmi Tatama is a 2 year old Indian girl born in 2005 in a village in Araria district, Bihar, having "4 arms and 4 legs." She was actually a pair of ischiopagus conjoined twins where one twin was headless due to its head atrophying and chest under-developing in the womb. The result looked like one child with four arms and four legs.
Background
Her father, Shambhu, and mother, Poonam, are day laborers who earn less than 1, and were unable to afford a separation surgery for their daughter. The daughter was named after Lakshmi, the multi-limbed Hindu goddess of wealth. At one point, a circus had offered the couple a sum of money to buy Lakshmi as a sideshow, which forced them into hiding. At the time of being found by Dr. Patil, she was suffering from an infected sore and continuous fevers.
Surgery
She was the subject of a surgery carried out by Dr. Sharan Patil and 30 other orthopedics at Sparsh Hospital in Bangalore, India.
Specifically, the stomach, arms, legs, kidney, spine, among other limbs and organs, of the parasitic twin merged with the girl's body. The twins' spines were joined and nerves entangled. Lakshmi was not able to crawl or walk; doctors surmised early that without the operation, the girl would not be able to live into her teens. The surgery was initiated on Tuesday, November 6, 2007, at 7 AM IST (1:30 AM UTC), and was planned to last 40 hours at the most. An estimated cost of over 625,000, is being paid entirely by the hospital's non-profit foundation.
Prior to the operation, Lakshmi was suffering from an infected sore and continuous fever. After allowing her to recover from this, a team of more than 30 surgeons in the southern city of Bangalore worked in shifts to separate Lakshmi's spinal column and kidney from those of her twin. The surgery lasted for 27 hours. The doctors gave Lakshmi a 75-80% chance of survival during the surgery.
Lakshmi's recovery so far has been swift and satisfactory. Within a week after the surgery, the doctors held a press conference showing a healthy looking Lakshmi with feet still bandaged being carried by her father.
See Also
*Parasitic twin
*Conjoined twin
Background
Her father, Shambhu, and mother, Poonam, are day laborers who earn less than 1, and were unable to afford a separation surgery for their daughter. The daughter was named after Lakshmi, the multi-limbed Hindu goddess of wealth. At one point, a circus had offered the couple a sum of money to buy Lakshmi as a sideshow, which forced them into hiding. At the time of being found by Dr. Patil, she was suffering from an infected sore and continuous fevers.
Surgery
She was the subject of a surgery carried out by Dr. Sharan Patil and 30 other orthopedics at Sparsh Hospital in Bangalore, India.
Specifically, the stomach, arms, legs, kidney, spine, among other limbs and organs, of the parasitic twin merged with the girl's body. The twins' spines were joined and nerves entangled. Lakshmi was not able to crawl or walk; doctors surmised early that without the operation, the girl would not be able to live into her teens. The surgery was initiated on Tuesday, November 6, 2007, at 7 AM IST (1:30 AM UTC), and was planned to last 40 hours at the most. An estimated cost of over 625,000, is being paid entirely by the hospital's non-profit foundation.
Prior to the operation, Lakshmi was suffering from an infected sore and continuous fever. After allowing her to recover from this, a team of more than 30 surgeons in the southern city of Bangalore worked in shifts to separate Lakshmi's spinal column and kidney from those of her twin. The surgery lasted for 27 hours. The doctors gave Lakshmi a 75-80% chance of survival during the surgery.
Lakshmi's recovery so far has been swift and satisfactory. Within a week after the surgery, the doctors held a press conference showing a healthy looking Lakshmi with feet still bandaged being carried by her father.
See Also
*Parasitic twin
*Conjoined twin
The Gardenia (known colloquially as Gardies or "Gardi's") is a takeaway restaurant near Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. The shop, located on Rose Crescent, is well known to most students at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University. The owner, Vasilis Anastasiou, covers the walls with pictures of student-customers.
Menu
The menu comprises mainly traditional Greek dishes such as souvlaki and Dolma, but also items like chips or pizza.
Lease Renewal
In 2003, the landlords, Gonville and Caius College, announced that after the restaurant's lease, due to expire in 2005, ran out it would not be renewed and student accommodation would be built in its place. The student newspaper Varsity launched a campaign to 'Save Gardies'. A petition sponsored by the newspaper received more than 8000 signatures including those of MP Michael Portillo and comedian Stephen Fry. The college decided to allow Gardies to stay until 2011. The decision inspired not only widespread jollity but also Gardi's: The Opera, a comic musical which premiered at the Fitzpatrick Hall Theatre, , on 9th November 2005, running for four nights. The opera was performed twice more the following summer, at the Cambridge Union, on the 17th and 18th June 2006.
Menu
The menu comprises mainly traditional Greek dishes such as souvlaki and Dolma, but also items like chips or pizza.
Lease Renewal
In 2003, the landlords, Gonville and Caius College, announced that after the restaurant's lease, due to expire in 2005, ran out it would not be renewed and student accommodation would be built in its place. The student newspaper Varsity launched a campaign to 'Save Gardies'. A petition sponsored by the newspaper received more than 8000 signatures including those of MP Michael Portillo and comedian Stephen Fry. The college decided to allow Gardies to stay until 2011. The decision inspired not only widespread jollity but also Gardi's: The Opera, a comic musical which premiered at the Fitzpatrick Hall Theatre, , on 9th November 2005, running for four nights. The opera was performed twice more the following summer, at the Cambridge Union, on the 17th and 18th June 2006.
This is a list of persons who identified themselves as Stalinists (supporters of the implementation of a Marxist-Leninist state run in Joseph Stalin's way, commonly referred to as Stalinism) or who are commonly described as Stalinists.
Stalinism is not a sub-ideology of Communism; Stalinism is a invention of political enemies of Joseph Stalin.
The list does not include Soviet political leadership of Stalin's era.
The list also does not include non-Soviet communists and sympathizers.
Communist state leaders
As a rule, they were also leaders of the corresponding Communist parties.
*Kim Il-sung – The "Great Leader" and "eternal President" of North Korea, he praised Stalin and received support from him, but after his death pursued Juche.
*Mao Zedong - Communist Party of China's leader who upheld the legacy of Stalin and opposed De-Stalinization directed by Khrushchev. His thoughts however later became more distinct and are now known as Maoism.
*Enver Hoxha - Albanian Party of Labour's leader who, with Mao, are considered the founders of the anti-revisionist movement. Upheld Stalin against Khrushchev, Tito, and later Mao; condemned all three as social-imperialists.
Communist party leaders in non-Communist states
*Bill Bland – Led the Communist League of Great Britain, a Stalinist group.
*Ludo Martens - Leader of Workers Party of Belgium and author of Another view of Stalin.
*Tim Buck - General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada from 1929-1962
*Hardial Bains - General Secretary of the from its founding until his death in 1997.
Other
*Jakub Berman – Ally to Stalin, his later dismissal was for "Stalinist-era errors and mistakes."
*Harpal Brar – Former member of the Stalin Society noted for his defence of Stalin's rule.
*Slavoj Zizek - Lacanian-Hegelian philosopher and social critic.
*Paul Robeson - American singer and social activist.
Stalinism is not a sub-ideology of Communism; Stalinism is a invention of political enemies of Joseph Stalin.
The list does not include Soviet political leadership of Stalin's era.
The list also does not include non-Soviet communists and sympathizers.
Communist state leaders
As a rule, they were also leaders of the corresponding Communist parties.
*Kim Il-sung – The "Great Leader" and "eternal President" of North Korea, he praised Stalin and received support from him, but after his death pursued Juche.
*Mao Zedong - Communist Party of China's leader who upheld the legacy of Stalin and opposed De-Stalinization directed by Khrushchev. His thoughts however later became more distinct and are now known as Maoism.
*Enver Hoxha - Albanian Party of Labour's leader who, with Mao, are considered the founders of the anti-revisionist movement. Upheld Stalin against Khrushchev, Tito, and later Mao; condemned all three as social-imperialists.
Communist party leaders in non-Communist states
*Bill Bland – Led the Communist League of Great Britain, a Stalinist group.
*Ludo Martens - Leader of Workers Party of Belgium and author of Another view of Stalin.
*Tim Buck - General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada from 1929-1962
*Hardial Bains - General Secretary of the from its founding until his death in 1997.
Other
*Jakub Berman – Ally to Stalin, his later dismissal was for "Stalinist-era errors and mistakes."
*Harpal Brar – Former member of the Stalin Society noted for his defence of Stalin's rule.
*Slavoj Zizek - Lacanian-Hegelian philosopher and social critic.
*Paul Robeson - American singer and social activist.
Puffles are virtual pets that a player can buy and take care of in Club Penguin. Puffles appear as cute, small balls of fluff, and there are a variety of colors to choose from. They are available from the Pet Shop, one of the many buildings in Club Penguin, and they come in many colors, namely blue, purple, green, pink, black, red and yellow. Every color has a different personality. At the Pet Shop, when walking up to the Puffles in their box or clicking the red book, the Adopting and Caring for your Puffle manual appears and one can adopt a Puffle for 800 coins from it. Non-members have access to only blue and red Puffles. Members may adopt up to 14 Puffles, but non-members are restricted to only 2.
Personalities
There are seven different types of puffles currently available, each with a different personality. Each puffle costs 800 Club Penguin coins. The puffles are found in the plaza in the pet shop. You can bathe and feed your puffle. Feeding them Puffle O's costs 10 coins, feeding them cookies or bubble gum costs 5 coins and bathing them costs 5 coins. Puffles like it when you walk around the same color as the color they are. (blue, green, purple, pink, red, yellow and black)
Puffles
Blue Puffles
Blue Puffles are mild tempered and content. Their favorite toy is a beach ball. Blue Puffles can be adopted by anyone in Club Penguin. When bathing, the puffle is cleansed by a sponge and shampoo. The blue puffle likes taking walks the most.
Pink Puffles
Pink Puffles are active and cheery. They fit well to anyone. Their favorite toys are a trampoline and an exercise rope. When they bathe, they snorkel in the bath and when they dance, they turn from side to side. They can only be adopted by members.
Black Puffles
Black Puffles are known to be a little mischievous and off-tempered. However, they love to play and make a great pet for anyone who likes a little bit more personality. Black puffles turn into a ball of fire while bathing, but it doesn't hurt them. The ability to turn into a ball of fire is also shown in . This aspect of a Black puffle is also portrayed in the second Secret Mission where the player gets trapped in the wilderness and has to get back. At a certain point in the game, the puffle can turn into a ball of fire, providing enough heat to light a fire. Black puffles are the only puffles with a constant frown on their faces. However, this may not mean that they are not happy. The black puffle's toy is a skate board. They can only be adopted by members. When you dance they turn into a mini tornado. They are also strong, silent, sometimes entergetic.
Green Puffles
Green Puffles are very energetic and playful. They like to clown around on their unicycles or fly with their propeller caps. This puffle is dried with a hairdryer after bathing, and yawns and drools when sleeping. They can only be adopted by members. When you dance they wear their propeller cap.
Purple Puffles
Purple puffles enjoy blowing bubbles and can dance by twirling (just like the black puffle) and turning their face left and right twice. But they can be a bit fussy, especially at mealtime. When feeding them, they will refuse food until a small salt shaker appears above the food and flavors it. When they eat cookies, they like to add whip cream and a cherry on top. They often dance with disco balls around them. This puffle also uses a sleep mask when it sleeps. They can only be adopted by members.
Red Puffles
Red Puffles were brought from Rockhopper Island. They are very active. If you walk them when you are going to play Catchin' Waves, they have come along and have a surfboard almost exactly the same as yours.They do not go with you to surf on Survival Mode at all. They play with pins that they roll into, or, at full health, they put on a football helmet and cannon out of a cannon. When you give them a bath, a wave appears and they surfboard on it. They can also be adopted by and penguins.
Yellow Puffles
Yellow puffles were rumored to be around for many months but were first discovered around Halloween 2007, when they began appearing briefly in places like the forest. They are very creative. Their favorite toys are the paintbrush and the easel. Yellow puffles were released for adoption by Club Penguin members only on the 30th of November. They have an artistic personality such as when they eat their food they sculpt it into a book room ornament before eating it. They also play by painting a picture on a canvas or when completely happy they sit there and pretend to direct a movie. Also when asleep they dream of becoming a superhero. They were released in a similar way to the purple puffle. Yellow puffles were realeased to the pet store on Friday, November .30, 2007.
External Resource:
they are not for non members. members only.
Personalities
There are seven different types of puffles currently available, each with a different personality. Each puffle costs 800 Club Penguin coins. The puffles are found in the plaza in the pet shop. You can bathe and feed your puffle. Feeding them Puffle O's costs 10 coins, feeding them cookies or bubble gum costs 5 coins and bathing them costs 5 coins. Puffles like it when you walk around the same color as the color they are. (blue, green, purple, pink, red, yellow and black)
Puffles
Blue Puffles
Blue Puffles are mild tempered and content. Their favorite toy is a beach ball. Blue Puffles can be adopted by anyone in Club Penguin. When bathing, the puffle is cleansed by a sponge and shampoo. The blue puffle likes taking walks the most.
Pink Puffles
Pink Puffles are active and cheery. They fit well to anyone. Their favorite toys are a trampoline and an exercise rope. When they bathe, they snorkel in the bath and when they dance, they turn from side to side. They can only be adopted by members.
Black Puffles
Black Puffles are known to be a little mischievous and off-tempered. However, they love to play and make a great pet for anyone who likes a little bit more personality. Black puffles turn into a ball of fire while bathing, but it doesn't hurt them. The ability to turn into a ball of fire is also shown in . This aspect of a Black puffle is also portrayed in the second Secret Mission where the player gets trapped in the wilderness and has to get back. At a certain point in the game, the puffle can turn into a ball of fire, providing enough heat to light a fire. Black puffles are the only puffles with a constant frown on their faces. However, this may not mean that they are not happy. The black puffle's toy is a skate board. They can only be adopted by members. When you dance they turn into a mini tornado. They are also strong, silent, sometimes entergetic.
Green Puffles
Green Puffles are very energetic and playful. They like to clown around on their unicycles or fly with their propeller caps. This puffle is dried with a hairdryer after bathing, and yawns and drools when sleeping. They can only be adopted by members. When you dance they wear their propeller cap.
Purple Puffles
Purple puffles enjoy blowing bubbles and can dance by twirling (just like the black puffle) and turning their face left and right twice. But they can be a bit fussy, especially at mealtime. When feeding them, they will refuse food until a small salt shaker appears above the food and flavors it. When they eat cookies, they like to add whip cream and a cherry on top. They often dance with disco balls around them. This puffle also uses a sleep mask when it sleeps. They can only be adopted by members.
Red Puffles
Red Puffles were brought from Rockhopper Island. They are very active. If you walk them when you are going to play Catchin' Waves, they have come along and have a surfboard almost exactly the same as yours.They do not go with you to surf on Survival Mode at all. They play with pins that they roll into, or, at full health, they put on a football helmet and cannon out of a cannon. When you give them a bath, a wave appears and they surfboard on it. They can also be adopted by and penguins.
Yellow Puffles
Yellow puffles were rumored to be around for many months but were first discovered around Halloween 2007, when they began appearing briefly in places like the forest. They are very creative. Their favorite toys are the paintbrush and the easel. Yellow puffles were released for adoption by Club Penguin members only on the 30th of November. They have an artistic personality such as when they eat their food they sculpt it into a book room ornament before eating it. They also play by painting a picture on a canvas or when completely happy they sit there and pretend to direct a movie. Also when asleep they dream of becoming a superhero. They were released in a similar way to the purple puffle. Yellow puffles were realeased to the pet store on Friday, November .30, 2007.
External Resource:
they are not for non members. members only.