Benin–Togo relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between Benin and Togo. The two countries share a 651 km long state border.
History
The two countries have developed friendly relations. A negative factor complicating their relations has been the internal political instability in Togo, which has led to a significant influx of refugees into Benin. The Beninese government has made efforts to act as a mediator to resolve the internal conflicts of its neighboring country.
In 2001, the government of Benin stated that the Togolese armed forces had moved border markers without prior agreement. A joint intergovernmental commission was established to resolve the crisis. The governments of both countries continue to negotiate the financing of the construction of the Adjrala hydroelectric plant on the Mono River.
See also
- Foreign relations of Benin
- Foreign relations of Togo
- Benin–Togo border
References
Togo Category:Bilateral relations of Togo
Benin–Nigeria relations are the bilateral diplomatic relations between Benin and Nigeria. The length of the international border between the two countries is 809 km.
History
Benin has maintained good relations with the regional power Nigeria. Currently, there are no officially established boundaries in the area where the territories of Benin, Niger, and Nigeria meet.
Trade
Informal trade continues to dominate the economic relationship between the two countries: transit trade and re-exports to Nigeria account for 20% of Benin's GDP, and approximately 80% of Benin's imports are destined for Nigeria. Factors such as Benin's unstable export base, heavy dependence on Nigeria, electricity supply issues, and inefficient government administration are among the challenges that hinder the country's economic development.
See also
- Foreign relations of Benin
- Foreign relations of Nigeria
- Benin–Nigeria border
References
Nigeria Category:Bilateral relations of Nigeria
Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations refer to the bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan.
Both countries are members of the Organization of Turkic States, Non-Aligned Movement, Commonwealth of Independent States and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
History
For many years, both countries were union republics within the Soviet Union.
Diplomatic relations between the two states were established on 2 October 1995. In August 1996, the Embassy of Azerbaijan in Uzbekistan began its work. In July 1998, the Embassy of Uzbekistan in Azerbaijan was opened.
Uzbekistan has consistently supported a peaceful settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through political means. Uzbekistan considers ensuring the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan to be one of the key conditions for resolving the conflict.
In the Parliament of Azerbaijan, a bilateral working group on interparliamentary relations between Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan operates. The group was established on 7 March 1997. Its first head was Yusif Bagirzade. Since 4 March 2016, the group has been chaired by Eldar Ibrahimov.
In April 2024, the first Honorary Consulate of Uzbekistan in Azerbaijan and the first in the history of Uzbekistan’s diplomacy overall was opened in Ganja, the second-largest city of Azerbaijan.
On 2 July 2025, a new building of the Embassy of Uzbekistan was opened in Baku.
Diplomatic relations
The Uzbek and Azerbaijani peoples are united by close national customs and traditions, a common language family, culture, and religion. Both peoples are Turkic.
Tourism and transport
Azerbaijan Airlines operates flights to Tashkent.
On 4 October 2022, flights to Samarkand were launched. These became the first flights in history from Baku to Samarkand. The flights operate on a seasonal basis.
Each year, around 10,000 Azerbaijani citizens visit Tashkent.
See also
- Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
- Foreign relations of Uzbekistan
- Azerbaijanis in Uzbekistan
References
External links
- Embassy of Azerbaijan in Uzbekistan – Official website
- Embassy of Uzbekistan in Azerbaijan – Official website
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan: Bilateral relations with Uzbekistan
- Cultural and literary relations between Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan
- Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
- Diplomatic missions of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan Category:Bilateral relations of Uzbekistan
Spain–Togo relations are the bilateral relations between Spain and Togo. Togo does not have an embassy in Madrid, but its embassy in Paris is accredited to Spain, and it maintains a consulate in Barcelona. Spain also does not have an embassy in Togo; its embassy in Accra, Ghana, is accredited to Togo, and it maintains a consulate in Lomé.
Diplomatic relations
Bilateral relations between Spain and Togo are considered cordial and friendly, with no significant disputes, although interactions have generally been limited to occasional visits by officials from both countries.
Relations were revitalized with the official visit to Lomé by former Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in June 2009, accompanied by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, the Minister of Justice, and the Director of AECID. During the visit, Memoranda of Understanding on political consultations and development cooperation were signed, providing a foundation for deepening bilateral relations.
In July 2014, Togo's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Robert Dussey, visited Madrid, giving new impetus to bilateral relations, including in the commercial sector, where opportunities exist for Spanish companies, particularly in infrastructure and housing construction.
In addition to supporting ongoing democratic reforms and promoting the presence of Spanish companies, other areas for potential development in bilateral relations include human rights dialogue, development cooperation, and collaboration on migration and maritime security.
Economic relations
Economic and commercial relations between Spain and Togo strengthened significantly during the 2010s. Spanish exports to Togo doubled in 2011 and 2012.
Although Spanish exports to the West African country remain modest, they increased at a rapid pace. Between 2010 and 2011, exports rose from €17 million to €70 million, and this figure doubled again in 2012 to €155 million. In 2013, Spanish exports continued to grow, reaching a record €213 million. The most recent available figure from 2015 shows a decline in exports to €123 million. Togo ranks 96th among Spain's trading partners.
See also
- Foreign relations of Spain
- Foreign relations of Togo
References
Togo Category:Bilateral relations of Togo