XE166

Besides body, safety and powertrain applications the XE166 is one of Infineon`s 16-bit Microcontroller families especially designed for industrial applications. The XE166 MCUs can also be found in applications like Servo Drivers, Appliance Motors, HVAC Compressors, Blowers, Stepper Motors, Industrial Pumps, Transportation and Power Supplies.
Overview
The XE166 product lines
The XE166 is divided in four different product lines. The Classic Series - Alpha Line, the N-Series - Value Line, the M Series or Base Line and the H Series also called High Line. All Lines support different interest and electrical requirements. The Classic or Alpha Line for example has up to four PWM units (CCU6) to drive any industrial 3-phase motor. On the other Hand the H Series - High Line features higher performance like a 100MHz frequency (100 MIPS) and a flash memory up to 1600KB and 138KB of RAM.
Industrial application overview

Here are some industrial applications listed where the XE166 can be found:

• Motor Control (pumps, fans, compressors, servos, CNC-machines, robots, process control, conveyor belts, …)
• Renewable Energy (wind energy converters, photovoltaics, fuel cells, battery storage, hydro generators, micro turbines, …)
• Power Supply (Uninterruptable Power Supplies, general power supplies, battery chargers, lamp ballast, …)
• Transportation (locomotives, trains, subways, buses, trucks, fork lifts, agricultural vehicles, traffic lights, …)
• Medical (X-Ray machines, MRTs, computer tomography, …)
Architecture and key features
The architecture of the XE16x core combines the specifications of the RISC and CISC processors. This computing and controlling power is completed by the DSP-functionality of the MAC-unit. On-chip memory blocks with dedicated buses and control units store code and data. One of the buses used concurrently on the XE16x is the LXBus, an internal-representation of the external bus interface. This bus provides a standardized method for integrating additional application-specific peripherals into derivatives of the standard XE16x. A detailed key feature overview sheet can be found here.
CPU
Basic tasks of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) are to fetch and decode instructions, to supply operands for the Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU) and the Multiply and Accumulate unit (MAC), to perform operations on these operands in the ALU and MAC adress, and to store the previously calculated results. As the CPU is the main engine of the XE16x microcontroller, it is also affected by certain actions of the peripheral subsystem. Because a five-stage processing pipeline (plus 2-stage fetch pipeline) is implemented in the XE16x, up to five instructions can be processed in parallel. Most instructions of the XE16x are executed in one single clock cycle due to this parallelism.
Memory organization
The XE16x provides a total addressable memory space of 16 Mbytes. This address space is arranged as 256 segments of 64 Kbytes each, and each segment is again subdivided into four data pages of 16 Kbytes each. Bytes are stored at even or odd byte addresses. Words are stored in ascending memory locations with the low byte at an even byte address being followed by the high byte at the next odd byte address (“little endian”). Double words (code only) are stored in ascending memory locations as two subsequent words. Single bits are always stored in the specified bit position at a word address. Bit position 0 is the least significant bit of the byte at an even byte address, and bit position 15 is the most significant bit of the byte at the next odd byte address. Bit addressing is supported for a part of the Special Function Registers, a part of the internal RAM and for the General Purpose Registers.
Peripherals
ADC
The Analog to Digital Converter module (ADC) of the XE16x allows the conversion of analog input values into discrete digital values based on the successive approximation method. With this method, the conversion result is elaborated bit by bit, starting with the most significant bit. An analog to digital conversion requires a certain number of clock cycles.
The ADC module contains 2 independent kernels (ADC0, ADC1) that can operate autonomously or can be synchronized to each other. An ADC kernel is a unit used to convert an analog input signal into a digital value and provides means for triggering conversions, data handling and storage. With this structure, parallel conversion of up to two analog input channels is supported.

Here are some features of each ADC kernel listed:

• Analog supply voltage range from 3.3 V (minimum) to 5 V (nominal) for VDDPA
• Input voltage range from 0 V to analog supply voltage VDDPA
• Input multiplexer for a maximum of 16 possible analog input channels
• 10-bit conversion time less than 1 μs
• One standard reference input (VAREF) and one alternative reference input (CH0)available
• 3 conversion request sources for external or timer-driven events, auto-scan, programmable sequences, SW-driven conversions, etc.
• Synchronization of the ADC kernels for concurrent conversion starts and parallel sampling and measuring of analog input signals, e.g. for phase current measurements in AC drives
CCU6
The CCU6 unit is made up of a Timer T12 Block with three capture/compare channels and a Timer T13 Block with one compare channel. The T12 channels can independently generate PWM signals or accept capture triggers, or they can jointly generate control signal patterns to drive AC-motors or inverters.

Timer 12 Block Features:

• Three capture/compare channels, each channel can be used either as capture or as compare channel
• Generation of a three-phase PWM supported (six outputs, individual signals for highside and low-side switches)
• 16-bit resolution, maximum count frequency = peripheral clock
• Dead-time control for each channel to avoid short-circuits in the power stage
• Concurrent update of T12 registers
• Center-aligned and edge-aligned PWM can be generated
• Single-shot mode supported
• Start can be controlled by external events
• Capability of counting external events
• Many interrupt request sources
• Hysteresis-like control mode

Timer 13 Block Features:

• One independent compare channel with one output
• 16-bit resolution, maximum count frequency = peripheral clock
• Concurrent update of T13 registers
• Can be synchronized to T12
• Interrupt generation at period-match and compare-match
• Single-shot mode supported
• Start can be controlled by external events
• Capability of counting external events
Universal Serial Interface Channel
The Universal Serial Interface Channel module (USIC) is a flexible interface module covering several serial communication protocols. A USIC module contains two independent communication channels named UxC0 and UxC1, with x being the number of the USIC module (e.g. channel y of USIC module x is referenced as UxCy). The user can program during run-time which protocol will be handled by each communication channel and which pins are used.
CAN features

Several key features of the MultiCAN module:

• CAN functionality conforms to CAN specification V2.0 B active for each CAN node (compliant to ISO 11898)
• Up to 5 independent CAN nodes available
• Up to 128 independent message objects (shared by the CAN nodes)
• Dedicated control registers for each CAN node
• Data transfer rate up to 1MBaud, individually programmable for each node
• Flexible and powerful message transfer control and error handling capabilities
• Full-CAN functionality: message objects can be individually
- Assigned to one of the 5 CAN nodes
- Configured as transmit or receive object
- Participate in a message buffer with FIFO algorithm
- Set up to handle frames with 11-bit or 29-bit identifiers
- Provided with programmable acceptance mask register for filtering
- Monitored via a frame counter
- Configured to Remote Monitoring Mode
• Automatic gateway mode support
• 16 individually programmable interrupt outputs
• CAN Analyzer Mode for bus monitoring
• SRAMs in MultiCAN module optionally parity error protected
Development Tools
Overview
Easy Kits and Starter Kits are microcontroller evaluation boards available for all XE166 devices. Application Kits are more application specific kits e.g. for motor control designs. They contain example codes for various control schemes, power boards or motor types and the according hardware.
DAVETM Drive is a free tool for automated motor control generation which generates motor specific control codes like FOC, sinusoidal or block commutation or V/Hz speed control.
DAVE™ Bench is a free development tool chain from Infineon for the development of application codes based on all microcontrollers. It is an Eclipse based environment for C-code programming and includes compilers, flash loading software and monitoring and debugging features.
Easy Kits, Evaluation Kits and Application Kits
The UConnect XE164 is a low cost USB stick providing full evaluation capability for the new XE166 16bit Family of microcontrollers The kit includes development toolchains, demos, a CANopen EVA version and tutorials for quick installation and ease of. The Uconnect USB Stick comes with an CAN extension Board. Kit Overview

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