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Trump effect
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The Trump effect or Trump mode effect is a theory concerning the discrepancies between voter opinion polls and election outcomes in the 2016 presidential election in the United States. It is similar to the Bradley effect. Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump has consistently performed better in online and automated polls than in traditional surveys conducted by live callers. White voters in particular are less likely to voice support for his candidacy in public. Mode effect is the broad term used to describe the phenomenon of a person giving different answers because of different polling methods. In the 2016 presidential election, Trump effect or Trump mode effect is the specific term given when polling the candidacy of Donald Trump. A study conducted by Morning Consult showed that Donald Trump performed six percentage points better online than via live telephone callers. The theory is that voters, especially college educated white voters, are afraid to tell a live caller that they support Trump even though they really do support him. They do not want to be called racists or to be judged negatively. This effect is named after Donald Trump but it is a world-wide phenomenon. For example, right wing parties in Germany also poll better in online polls compared to live interviewers. 
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