Systemic corruption

Systemic corruption (or endemic corruption) is corruption which is primarily due to a weaknesses of an organisation or process. It can be contrasted with individual officials or agents who act corruptly within the system.
Factors which encourage systemic corruption include conflicting incentives, discretionary powers; monopolistic powers; lack of transparency; low pay; and a culture of impunity. Specific acts of corruption include "bribery, extortion, and embezzlement" in a system where "corruption becomes the rule rather than the exception." Scholars distinguish between centralized and decentralized systemic corruption, depending on which level of state or government corruption takes place; in countries such as the Post-Soviet states both types occur.
Examples
Under some cases, certain institutions might suffer from systematic corruption.
Privatizing prisons, as an industry, creates a corporate incentive towards lobbying the government for more profits. This can be achieved through legislations promoting over-criminalization and over-incarceration of citizens. Thus some countries which have utilized this system, within capitalism, experience extremely higher incarceration rates.
The USA has the highest incarceration rate in the world, and the most privatized prison system.
In some systems of law, a person can be accused of a crime, without facing his accuser, not having the right of trial or not being given access to the evidence. In other systems a person is assumed guilty until proven otherwise. This gives the accusing party supreme power over the accused.

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